1,419 research outputs found
Current state of phoenixin—the implications of the pleiotropic peptide in stress and its potential as a therapeutic target
Phoenixin is a pleiotropic peptide, whose known functions have broadened significantly over the last decade. Initially first described as a reproductive peptide in 2013, phoenixin is now recognized as being implicated in hypertension, neuroinflammation, pruritus, food intake, anxiety as well as stress. Due to its wide field of involvement, an interaction with physiological as well as psychological control loops has been speculated. It has shown to be both able to actively reduce anxiety as well as being influenced by external stressors. Initial rodent models have shown that central administration of phoenixin alters the behavior of the subjects when confronted with stress-inducing situations, proposing an interaction with the perception and processing of stress and anxiety. Although the research on phoenixin is still in its infancy, there are several promising insights into its functionality, which might prove to be of value in the pharmacological treatment of several psychiatric and psychosomatic illnesses such as anorexia nervosa, post-traumatic stress disorder as well as the increasingly prevalent stress-related illnesses of burnout and depression. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge of phoenixin, its interactions with physiological processes as well as focus on the recent developments in stress response and the possible novel treatment options this might entail
Fast predictive maintenance in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) with Deep Learning (DL): A review
Applying Deep Learning in the field of Industrial Internet of Things is a very active research field. The prediction of failures of machines and equipment in industrial environments before their possible occurrence is also a very popular topic, significantly because of its cost saving potential. Predictive Maintenance (PdM) applications can benefit from DL, especially because of the fact that high complex, non-linear and unlabeled (or partially labeled) data is the normal case. Especially with PdM applications being used in connected smart factories, low latency predictions are essential. Because of this real-time processing becomes more important. The aim of this paper is to provide a narrative review of the most current research covering trends and projects regarding the application of DL methods in IoT environments. Especially papers discussing the area of predictions and real-time processing with DL models are selected because of their potential use for PdM applications. The reviewed papers were selected by the authors based on a qualitative rather than a quantitative level
Carrier-mediated magnetoelectricity in complex oxide heterostructures
While tremendous success has been achieved to date in creating both single
phase and composite magnetoelectric materials, the quintessential
electric-field control of magnetism remains elusive. In this work, we
demonstrate a linear magnetoelectric effect which arises from a novel
carrier-mediated mechanism, and is a universal feature of the interface between
a dielectric and a spin-polarized metal. Using first-principles density
functional calculations, we illustrate this effect at the SrRuO/SrTiO
interface and describe its origin. To formally quantify the magnetic response
of such an interface to an applied electric field, we introduce and define the
concept of spin capacitance. In addition to its magnetoelectric and spin
capacitive behavior, the interface displays a spatial coexistence of magnetism
and dielectric polarization suggesting a route to a new type of interfacial
multiferroic
Two-population replicator dynamics and number of Nash equilibria in random matrix games
We study the connection between the evolutionary replicator dynamics and the
number of Nash equilibria in large random bi-matrix games. Using techniques of
disordered systems theory we compute the statistical properties of both, the
fixed points of the dynamics and the Nash equilibria. Except for the special
case of zero-sum games one finds a transition as a function of the so-called
co-operation pressure between a phase in which there is a unique stable fixed
point of the dynamics coinciding with a unique Nash equilibrium, and an
unstable phase in which there are exponentially many Nash equilibria with
statistical properties different from the stationary state of the replicator
equations. Our analytical results are confirmed by numerical simulations of the
replicator dynamics, and by explicit enumeration of Nash equilibria.Comment: 9 pages, 2x2 figure
Producción sobre adolescencia/juventud en los posgrados en psicologÃa en Brasil
Por la importancia de los estudios sobre adolescencia/juventud en PsicologÃa, desarrollamosuna investigación cuyo objetivo fue analizar y sistematizar el uso de las categorÃas adolescenciay juventud en la producción discente de los Posgrados stricto sensu en PsicologÃa, entre los años2006-2011, y las temáticas que se repiten. Esta consistió en un estado del arte sobre esa producción.Este tipo de estudio posibilita la sistematización de un determinado campo de conocimiento apartir de un recorte temporal fijo. Partiendo de una guÃa de lectura, seleccionamos 483 trabajosque tenÃan a los adolescentes/jóvenes como sujetos o foco de estudio, y los agrupamos porfrecuencia simple en diecinueve categorÃas temáticas. Los temas con mayor número de trabajos fueron Violencia y Familia. Observamos una repetición en las investigaciones, lo que además del diálogo, impide o, al menos, dificulta, una mayor profundización teórica en lo relativo a esta temática en PsicologÃa.Palabras clave: estado del arte, adolescencia, juventud, psicologÃa
The Path to Eliminating Raccoon Rabies in the Eastern US-Obstacles and Opportunities in Urban-Suburban Landscapes
Rabies in terrestrial wildlife poses a significant public and animal health threat. Oral rabies vaccination (ORV) targeting specific vector species has proven effective in eliminating certain rabies variants in Europe and Canada. The goal of eliminating the raccoon rabies variant (RRV) in the US is achievable through an integrated ORV program at the landscape scale. Current wildlife rabies management in the US includes extensive air and ground ORV programs in 16 eastern states coordinated by Wildlife Services (WS)’ National Rabies Management Program. More than 10 million vaccine-baits are distributed annually targeting raccoons (Procyon lotor) and striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) with the long-term goal of eliminating RRV. Achieving vaccine-induced herd immunity in target species in developed landscapes has proven challenging due to abundant anthropogenic food sources, higher wildlife densities, decreased home ranges, habitat fragmentation, and non-target bait competition. Effectively managing RRV in the urban-suburban landscape requires greater understanding of meso-carnivore ecology in these landscapes and critical analyses of current baiting strategies. Preliminary results from urban-suburban studies demonstrate fewer potential ORV bait encounters for target species than expected, lower seroconversion rates compared to rural habitats and patchy bait distribution patterns. New technologies including the use of Point of Interest GPS units to document ground bait distribution in combination with research conducted by WS including ORV field trials, urban density studies, and raccoon, skunk, and opossum (Didelphis virginiana) ecology have provided valuable insight to overcome the obstacles of urban rabies management and make eliminating RRV a reality
Unlocking the potential of retinoic acid in anticancer therapy
All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) is a physiologically active metabolite of vitamin A. Its antitumour activities have been extensively studied in a variety of model systems and clinical trials; however, to date the only malignancy responsive to ATRA treatment is acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) where it induces complete remission in the majority of cases when administered in combination with light chemotherapy and/or arsenic trioxide. After decades of studies, the efficacy of ATRA to treat other acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) subtypes and solid tumours remains poor. Recent studies directed to improve ATRA responsiveness in non-APL AML seem to indicate that the lack of effective ATRA response in these tumours may be primarily due to aberrant epigenetics, which negatively affect ATRA-regulated gene expression and its antileukaemic activity. Epigenetic reprogramming could potentially restore therapeutic effects of ATRA in all AML subtypes. This review discusses the current progresses in the understanding how ATRA can be utilised in the therapy of non-APL AML and other cancers
Recommended from our members
Systematic and random errors between collocated satellite ice water path observations
There remains large disagreement between ice-water path (IWP) in observational data sets, largely because the sensors observe different parts of the ice particle size distribution. A detailed comparison of retrieved IWP from satellite observations in the Tropics (!30 " latitude) in 2007 was made using collocated measurements. The radio detection and ranging(radar)/light detection and ranging (lidar) (DARDAR) IWP data set, based on combined radar/lidar measurements, is used as a reference because it provides arguably the best estimate of the total column IWP. For each data set, usable IWP dynamic ranges are inferred from this comparison. IWP retrievals based on solar reflectance measurements, in the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), advanced very high resolution radiometer–based Climate Monitoring Satellite Applications Facility (CMSAF), and Pathfinder Atmospheres-Extended (PATMOS-x) datasets, were found to be correlated with DARDAR over a large IWP range (~20–7000 g m -2 ). The random errors of the collocated data sets have a close to lognormal distribution, and the combined random error of MODIS and DARDAR is less than a factor of 2, which also sets the upper limit for MODIS alone. In the same way, the upper limit for the random error of all considered data sets is determined. Data sets based on passive microwave measurements, microwave surface and precipitation products system (MSPPS), microwave integrated retrieval system (MiRS), and collocated microwave only (CMO), are largely correlated with DARDAR for IWP values larger than approximately 700 g m -2 . The combined uncertainty between these data sets and DARDAR in this range is slightly less MODIS-DARDAR, but the systematic bias is nearly an order of magnitude
A global climatology of total columnar water vapour from SSM/I and MERIS
A global time series of total columnar water vapour from combined data of the
Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) onboard ESA's Environmental
Satellite (ENVISAT) and the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) onboard
the satellite series of the US Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP)
is presented. The unique data set, generated in the framework of the ESA Data
User Element (DUE) GlobVapour project, combines atmospheric water vapour
observations over land and ocean, derived from measurements in the near-
infrared and the microwave range, respectively. Daily composites and monthly
means of total columnar water vapour are available as global maps on
rectangular latitude–longitude grids with a spatial resolution of 0.05° ×
0.05° over land and 0.5° × 0.5° over ocean for the years 2003 to 2008. The
data are stored in NetCDF files and is fully compliant with the NetCDF Climate
Forecast convention. Through the combination of high-quality microwave
observations and near-infrared observations over ocean and land surfaces,
respectively, the data set provides global coverage. The combination of both
products is carried out such that the individual properties of the microwave
and near-infrared products, in particular their uncertainties, are not
modified by the merging process and are therefore well defined. Due to the
global coverage and the provided uncertainty estimates this data set is
potentially of high value for climate research. The SSM/I-MERIS TCWV data set
is freely available via the GlobVapour project web page (www.globvapour.info)
with associated doi:10.5676/DFE/WV_COMB/FP. In this paper, the details of the
data set generation, i.e. the satellite data used, the retrieval techniques
and merging approaches, are presented. The derived level 3 products are
compared to global radiosonde data from the GCOS upper air network (GUAN),
showing a high agreement with a root-mean-square deviation of roughly 4.4 kg
m−2 and a small wet bias well below 1 kg m−2. Furthermore, the data set is
shown to be free of seasonal biases. The consistency of the MERIS and SSM/I
retrievals is demonstrated by applying the MERIS retrieval to sun glint areas
over ocean
- …