1,446 research outputs found
Nonthermal X-radiation of SNR RX J1713.7-3946: The Relations to a Nearby Molecular Cloud
The recent X-ray and CO observations of RX J1713.7-3946 show that a
significant fraction of the nonthermal X-ray emission of this unique supernova
remnant associates, in one way or another, with a molecular cloud interacting
with the west part of the shell. This adds a new puzzle in the origin of X-ray
emission which cannot be easily explained within the standard model in
accordance of which X-rays are result of synchrotron radiation of multi-TeV
electrons accelerated by supernova shock waves. We explore an alternative
origin of the X-ray emission assuming that it is produced by secondary
electrons resulting from high energy hadronic interactions in the molecular
gas. Such a scenario could explain in a quite natural way the apparent
correlation between the X-ray and CO morphologies. However, the TeV gamma-ray
emission recently reported by H.E.S.S. significantly constrains the parameter
space of this model. Namely, this mechanism cannot reproduce the bulk of the
observed X-ray flux unless one postulates existence of a PeV cosmic-ray
component penetrating with an unusually hard spectrum into the dense cloud.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Proc. of Int. Symp. on High Energy
Gamma-ray Astronomy, Heidelberg (July 2004
A definição dos idosos de qualidade de vida
OBJECTIVES: Senescence for some elderly people is a phase of with development and satisfaction, whereas for others is a negative stage of life. The determinants of a good quality of life in old age vary from person to person. The aims of this study were to identify: 1) the prevalence of octogenarian people who evaluate their current life as being mainly characterized by a positive quality and 2) which were the domains that they identified as being the determinants of this positive quality. A same parallel study was conducted with subjects who evaluated senescence as a preponderantly negative experience. METHODS: A random and representative sample of 35% of the octogenarian people, living residing in the community, was selected among the dwellers of the city of Veranópolis, state of Rio Grande do Sul. A semi-structured questionnaire on quality of life quality was applied as well as the scale of depressive symptoms Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the index of general health Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS). RESULTS: Slightly more than half of the studied sample (57%) defined their current quality of life with positive evaluations, whereas 18% presented a negative evaluation of it. A group 0f 25% defined their current lives as neutral or having both values (positive and negative). Those who were dissatisfied presented more health problems according to the CIRS and more depressive symptoms when evaluated by the GDS. Satisfied subjects ones had different reasons to justify this state, however, the dissatisfied had mainly the lack of health as a reason for their suffering. The main source of reported daily well-being was the involvement with rural or domestic activities. Among the interviewed, lack of health was the main source for not presenting well-being, although there was interpersonal variability regarding what each subject considered as loss of health. CONCLUSION: Possibly, for the elderly subjects a negative quality of life is equivalent to loss of health and a positive life quality is equivalent to a greater range of categories such as activity, income, social life and relationship with the family, categories which differed from subject to subject. Therefore, health seems to be a good indicator of negative quality of life, though an insufficient indicator of successful elderliness.OBJETIVOS: A velhice para alguns é uma etapa de desenvolvimento e satisfação, enquanto para outros é uma fase negativa da vida. Os determinantes da boa qualidade de vida na velhice variam de sujeito para sujeito. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar: 1) a prevalência de octagenários que avaliavam sua vida atual na velhice como preponderantemente de uma qualidade positiva e 2) quais aspectos eles identificavam como os determinantes desta qualidade positiva. Igual estudo em paralelo foi feito com sujeitos que avaliavam a velhice como uma experiência preponderantemente negativa. MÉTODOS: Uma amostra randômica e representativa de 35% dos idosos com mais de 80 anos residentes na comunidade foi selecionada entre os residentes em Veranópolis, Rio Grande do Sul. Um questionário semi- estruturado de qualidade de vida foi aplicado, bem como a escala de sintomas depressivos Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) e o Índice de Saúde Geral Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS). RESULTADO: Um pouco mais da metade dos idosos estudados (57%) definia sua qualidade de vida atual com avaliações positivas, sendo que 18% tinham uma avaliação negativa da vida atual. Um grupo de 25% definia sua vida atual de forma neutra ou de dois valores (aspectos positivos e aspectos negativos). Comparados com os satisfeitos, os insatisfeitos tinham mais problemas de saúde pela CIRS e mais sintomas depressivos quando avaliados pela GDS. Os satisfeitos tinham diferentes motivos para justificar este estado, porém os insatisfeitos tinham principalmente a falta de saúde física como motivo do sofrimento. A maior fonte de bem estar no dia-a-dia citada era o envolvimento com atividades rurais ou domésticas. Entre os entrevistados, a perda da saúde física era a principal fonte de mal estar, sendo que havia variabilidade interpessoal quanto ao que cada sujeito considerava como perda de saúde. CONCLUSÃO: É possível que para idosos, qualidade negativa de vida seja equivalente a perda de saúde e qualidade de vida positiva seja equivalente a uma pluralidade maior de categorias como atividade, renda, vida social e relação com a família, categorias diferentes de sujeito para sujeito. O aspecto saúde parece assim um bom indicador de qualidade de vida negativa, porém um indicador insuficiente de velhice bem sucedida.Catholic University of the state of Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology Geriatric neuropsychiatric ambulatoryWHO PAHO Associated Chronic Degenerating DiseasesFederal University of São Paulo Paulista Medical School Department of PsychiatryPUCRS Medical School Department of PsychiatryUNIFESP, EPM, Department of PsychiatrySciEL
Nuclear structure of 30S and its implications for nucleosynthesis in classical novae
The uncertainty in the 29P(p,gamma)30S reaction rate over the temperature
range of 0.1 - 1.3 GK was previously determined to span ~4 orders of magnitude
due to the uncertain location of two previously unobserved 3+ and 2+ resonances
in the 4.7 - 4.8 MeV excitation region in 30S. Therefore, the abundances of
silicon isotopes synthesized in novae, which are relevant for the
identification of presolar grains of putative nova origin, were uncertain by a
factor of 3. To investigate the level structure of 30S above the proton
threshold (4394.9(7) keV), a charged-particle spectroscopy and an in-beam
gamma-ray spectroscopy experiments were performed. Differential cross sections
of the 32S(p,t)30S reaction were measured at 34.5 MeV. Distorted wave Born
approximation calculations were performed to constrain the spin-parity
assignments of the observed levels. An energy level scheme was deduced from
gamma-gamma coincidence measurements using the 28Si(3He,n-gamma)30S reaction.
Spin-parity assignments based on measurements of gamma-ray angular
distributions and gamma-gamma directional correlation from oriented nuclei were
made for most of the observed levels of 30S. As a result, the resonance
energies corresponding to the excited states in 4.5 MeV - 6 MeV region,
including the two astrophysically important states predicted previously, are
measured with significantly better precision than before. The uncertainty in
the rate of the 29P(p,gamma)30S reaction is substantially reduced over the
temperature range of interest. Finally, the influence of this rate on the
abundance ratios of silicon isotopes synthesized in novae are obtained via 1D
hydrodynamic nova simulations.Comment: 22 pages, 12 figure
Electronic structure of periodic curved surfaces -- topological band structure
Electronic band structure for electrons bound on periodic minimal surfaces is
differential-geometrically formulated and numerically calculated. We focus on
minimal surfaces because they are not only mathematically elegant (with the
surface characterized completely in terms of "navels") but represent the
topology of real systems such as zeolites and negative-curvature fullerene. The
band structure turns out to be primarily determined by the topology of the
surface, i.e., how the wavefunction interferes on a multiply-connected surface,
so that the bands are little affected by the way in which we confine the
electrons on the surface (thin-slab limit or zero thickness from the outset).
Another curiosity is that different minimal surfaces connected by the Bonnet
transformation (such as Schwarz's P- and D-surfaces) possess one-to-one
correspondence in their band energies at Brillouin zone boundaries.Comment: 6 pages, 8 figures, eps files will be sent on request to
[email protected]
Star Forming Dense Cloud Cores in the TeV {\gamma}-ray SNR RX J1713.7-3946
RX J1713.7-3946 is one of the TeV {\gamma}-ray supernova remnants (SNRs)
emitting synchrotron X rays. The SNR is associated with molecular gas located
at ~1 kpc. We made new molecular observations toward the dense cloud cores,
peaks A, C and D, in the SNR in the 12CO(J=2-1) and 13CO(J=2-1) transitions at
angular resolution of 90". The most intense core in 13CO, peak C, was also
mapped in the 12CO(J=4-3) transition at angular resolution of 38". Peak C shows
strong signs of active star formation including bipolar outflow and a
far-infrared protostellar source and has a steep gradient with a
r^{-2.20.4} variation in the average density within radius r. Peak C and
the other dense cloud cores are rim-brightened in synchrotron X rays,
suggesting that the dense cloud cores are embedded within or on the outer
boundary of the SNR shell. This confirms the earlier suggestion that the X rays
are physically associated with the molecular gas (Fukui et al. 2003). We
present a scenario where the densest molecular core, peak C, survived against
the blast wave and is now embedded within the SNR. Numerical simulations of the
shock-cloud interaction indicate that a dense clump can indeed survive shock
erosion, since shock propagation speed is stalled in the dense clump.
Additionally, the shock-cloud interaction induces turbulence and magnetic field
amplification around the dense clump that may facilitate particle acceleration
in the lower-density inter-clump space leading to the enhanced synchrotron X
rays around dense cores.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figures, to accepted in The Astrophysical Journal. A full
color version with higher resolution figures is available at
http://www.a.phys.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~sano/ApJ10/ms_sano.pd
Phases of one dimensional large N gauge theory in a 1/D expansion
We consider large N Yang Mills theory with D adjoint scalar fields in d
dimensions for d=0 or 1. We show the existence of a non-trivial saddle point of
the functional integral at large D which is characterized by a mass gap for the
adjoint scalars. We integrate out the adjoint scalars in a 1/D expansion around
the saddle point. In case of one dimension which is regarded as a circle, this
procedure leads to an effective action for the Wilson line. We find an analogue
of the confinement/deconfinement transition which consists of a second order
phase transition from a uniform to a non-uniform eigenvalue distribution of the
Wilson line, closely followed by a Gross-Witten-Wadia transition where a gap
develops in the eigenvalue distribution. The phase transition can be regarded
as a continuation of a Gregory-Laflamme transition. Our methods involve large
values of the dimensionless 'tHooft coupling. The analysis in this paper is
quantitatively supported by earlier numerical work for D=9.Comment: 27 pages + 21 pages of Appendix; 8 figures, v2:some comments are
added in sec.4.3, minor corrections, one reference added, v3: minor
corrections, one reference added, version to be published in JHE
Near- and Far-Infrared Counterparts of Millimeter Dust Cores in the Vela Molecular Ridge Cloud D
The aim of this paper is to identify the young protostellar counterparts
associated to dust millimeter cores of the Vela Molecular Ridge Cloud D through
new IR observations (H_2 narrow-band at 2.12 micron and N broad band at 10.4
micron) along with an investigation performed on the existing IR catalogues.
The association of mm continuum emission with infrared sources from catalogues
(IRAS, MSX, 2MASS), JHK data from the literature and new observations, has been
established according to spatial coincidence, infrared colours and spectral
energy distributions. Only 7 out of 29 resolved mm cores (and 16 out of the 26
unresolved ones) do not exhibit signposts of star formation activity. The other
ones are clearly associated with: far-IR sources, H_2 jets or near-IR objects
showing a high intrinsic colour excess. The distribution of the spectral
indices pertaining to the associated sources is peaked at values typical of
Class I objects, while three objects are signalled as candidates Class 0
sources. We remark the high detection rate (30%) of H_2 jets driven by sources
located inside the mm-cores. They appear not driven by the most luminous
objects in the field, but rather by less luminous objects in young clusters,
testifying the co-existence of both low- and intermediate-mass star formation.
The presented results reliably describe the young population of VMR-D. However,
the statistical evaluation of activity vs inactivity of the investigated cores,
even in good agreement with results found for other star forming regions, seems
to reflect the limiting sensitivity of the available facilities rather than any
property intrinsic to the mm-condensations.Comment: 38 pages. To be published to Astronomy & Astrophysic
Enhanced Ionic Conductivity of Monovalent Cation Halide (AgBr, AgI, LiI) in Mesoporous Alumina
Monovalent ionic conductors (AgI, AgBr and LiI) impregnated in mesoporous alumina were studied in the context of heterogeneous ionic conductors. The crystalline structure and local structure of the ionic conductors were investigated by XRD, DSC and NMR. Enhancement of ionic conductivity strongly depended on the ionic conductors, which was attributed to local structure as well as space charge layer.Nagasaki Symposium on Nano-Dynamics 2008 (NSND2008) 平成20年1月29日(火)於長崎大学 Poster Presentatio
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