Just wrong? Or just WEIRD? Investigating the prevalence of moral dumbfounding in non-Western samples

Moral dumbfounding is the phenomenon that is observed when people defend a moral judgement even though they cannot provide a reason for this judgement. Dumbfounded responding may include admitting to not having reasons, or the use of unsupported declarations (e.g., “It’s just wrong”) as justification for a judgement. Published evidence for dumbfounding has drawn exclusively on samples of WEIRD backgrounds (Western, educated, industrialised, rich, and democratic), and it remains unclear whether the phenomenon is generalilsable to other populations. In three studies we apply a standardised moral dumbfounding task, and show evidence for moral dumbfounding in a Chinese sample (Study 1), an Indian sample (Study 2), and a mixed sample primarily from North Africa and the Middle East (MENA region, Study 3)

Phase distortions of attosecond pulses produced by resonance-enhanced high harmonic generation

Resonant enhancement of high harmonic generation can be obtained in plasmas containing ions with strong radiative transitions resonant with harmonic orders. The mechanism for this enhancement is still debated. We perform the first temporal characterization of the attosecond emission from a tin plasma under near-resonant conditions for two different resonance detunings. We show that the resonance considerably changes the relative phase of neighbouring harmonics. For very small detunings, their phase locking may even be lost, evidencing strong phase distortions in the emission process and a modified attosecond structure. These features are well reproduced by our simulations, allowing their interpretation in terms of the phase of the recombination dipole moment

Evolution of chernozems in the southern forest-steppe of the Central Russian upland under long-term cultivation examined in the agro-chronosequences

Chernozems are the major component of soil cover in the forest-steppe of the Central Russian Upland. From our point of view, the best way to observe the effect of ploughing on Chernozems is the examination of soils with different durations of cultivation based on an agrochronosequence approach which was used in this stud

The formation of social and professional mobility of students in continuing education «school – college – university»

The authors reveal the potential of continuing vocational education within social and occupational mobility of graduates. The article discusses the components of pedagogical maintenance of professionally important qualities of a young specialist in the labor marketРаскрывается потенциал системы непрерывного профессионального образования в вопросе формирования социально-профессиональной мобильности выпускников; приведены компоненты педагогического сопровождения процесса формирования профессионально важных на рынке труда качеств молодого специалист

Providing Innovative Processes in the Economic Development of the Russian Regions

One of the most important demonstrations of the modern economy is the growing importance of innovation. The innovative process, or the process of technological change is a complex concept encompassing the improvement of products, production processes, raw materials as well as management methods. Therefore, the central  aim of the research is to analyse the innovative processes that contribute to the development of the state economy. To accomplish the objectives, we carried out the calculations to examine the relations between the cost indicators, modelling, correlation and regression analyses. The particularities of business processes in innovative activities of organisations leads to uneven distribution, specific cost structure in the crisis and the traditional situation of an insignificant share of innovation in the financing process. The study presents mathematic model of innovation activities of an enterprise, based on economic indicators of current operations. The object of the research are industrial enterprises. Since an important segment of business processes in innovation is small innovative companies, our task is to develop a methodology for forecasting the number that would be suitable for them. From the findings of our research, we concluded that the models that had been previously developed were more effective at the micro level. Based on the analysis of the distribution of costs between technological, marketing, organisational innovations by types of innovation and economic activities by building an adequate set of statistical models, we have identified the following particularities: the basic internal (directly dependent) and external (indirectly affecting) factors that affect the selected performance characteristics

Chirp-control of resonant high-order harmonic generation in indium ablation plumes driven by intense few-cycle laser pulses

We have studied high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in an indium ablation plume driven by intense few-cycle laser pulses centered at 775 nm as a function of the frequency chirp of the laser pulse. We found experimentally that resonant emission lines between 19.7 eV and 22.3 eV (close to the 13th and 15th harmonic of the laser) exhibit a strong, asymmetric chirp dependence, with pronounced intensity modulations. The chirp dependence is reproduced by our numerical time-dependent Schrödinger equation simulations of a resonant HHG by the model indium ion. As demonstrated with our separate simulations of HHG within the strong field approximation, the resonance can be understood in terms of the chirp-dependent HHG photon energy coinciding with the energy of an autoionizing state to ground state transition with high oscillator strength. This supports the validity of the general theory of resonant four-step HHG in the few-cycle limit

Dependence of inertial cavitation induced by high intensity focused ultrasound on transducer <i>F</i>-number and nonlinear waveform distortion.

Pulsed high intensity focused ultrasound was shown to enhance chemotherapeutic drug uptake in tumor tissue through inertial cavitation, which is commonly assumed to require peak rarefactional pressures to exceed a certain threshold. However, recent studies have indicated that inertial cavitation activity also correlates with the presence of shocks at the focus. The shock front amplitude and corresponding peak negative pressure (p -) in the focal waveform are primarily determined by the transducer F-number: less focused transducers produce shocks at lower p -. Here, the dependence of inertial cavitation activity on the transducer F-number was investigated in agarose gel by monitoring broadband noise emissions with a coaxial passive cavitation detector (PCD) during pulsed exposures (pulse duration 1 ms, pulse repetition frequency 1 Hz) with p- varying within 1-15 MPa. Three 1.5 MHz transducers with the same aperture, but different focal distances (F-numbers 0.77, 1.02, 1.52) were used. PCD signals were processed to extract cavitation probability, persistence, and mean noise level. At the same p -, all metrics indicated enhanced cavitation activity at higher F-numbers; specifically, cavitation probability reached 100% when shocks formed at the focus. These results provide further evidence supporting the excitation of inertial cavitation at reduced p - by waveforms with nonlinear distortion and shocks

Neutron-capture elements in halo, thick-disk, and thin-disk stars. Strontium, yttrium, zirconium, cerium

We derived Sr, Y, Zr, and Ce abundances for a sample of 74 cool dwarfs and subgiants with iron abundances, [Fe/H], between 0.25 and -2.43. These estimates were obtained using synthetic spectra, assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) for Y, Zr, and Ce, allowing for non-LTE conditions for Sr. We used high-resolution (λ/Δλ≈40 000 and 60 000) spectra with signal-to-noise ratios between 50 and 200. We find that the Zr/Y, Sr/Y, and Sr/Zr ratios for the halo stars are the same in a wide metallicity range (-2.43 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ -0.90), within the errors, indicating a common origin for these elements at the epoch of halo formation. The Zr/Y ratios for thick-disk stars quickly decrease with increasing Ba abundance, indicating a lower rate of production of Zr compared to Y during active thick-disk formation. The thick-disk and halo stars display an increase in the [Zr/Ba] ratio with decreasing Ba abundance and a correlation of the Zr and Eu overabundances relative to Ba. The evolutionary behavior of the abundance ratios found for the thick-disk and halo stars does not agree with current models for the Galaxy's chemical evolution. The abundance ratios of Y and Zr to Fe and Ba for thin-disk stars, as well as the abundance ratios within each group, are, on average, solar, though we note a slight decrease of Zr/Ba and Zr/Y with increasing Ba abundance. These results provide evidence for a dominance of asymptotic-giant-branch stars in the enrichment of the interstellar medium in heavy elements during the thin-disk epoch, in agreement with the predictions of the nucleosynthesis theory for the main s-process component. © 2007 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Effect of biochar on soil co2 fluxes from agricultural field experiments in russian far east

Agricultural soils are a major source of greenhouse gases. Biochar is a soil improver and, when applied to the soil, sequesters carbon. However, a different combination of soil and climatic conditions and biochar leads to different research results. In this research, the effects of 1 kg/m2 and 3 kg/m2 biochar application to clay soils on the CO2 flow in field experiments along two cropping seasons in the Russian Far East were investigated. Data showed that biochar significantly reduces the cumulative flow of soil CO2, compared with untreated field plots. In 2018, the greatest reduction in soil CO2 emissions (28.2%) with 3 kg/m2 of biochar was obtained, while in 2019, the greatest decrease in the cumulative CO2 flow at the application dose of 1 kg/m2 (57.7%) was recorded. A correlation between a decrease in the value of the cumulative CO2 flux and an increase in the biomass grown in the studied areas of agricultural crops during the season of 2018 was found