Pengaruh Waktu Penyiangan Gulma Pada Sistem Tanam Tumpangsari Kacang Tanah (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Dengan Ubi Kayu (Manihot Esculenta Crantz.)

Suatu penelitian telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu penyiangan gulma pada tumpangsari antara kacang tanah dan ubi kayu. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Jatikerto FP-UB di Desa Jatikerto, Kec. Kromengan Kabupaten Malang pada bulan April 2013 sampai dengan Juli 2013. Percobaan ini disusun menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) sederhana dengan 9 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan, yaitu (G1) : tidak disiang, (G2) : penyiangan umur 2 mst, (G3) : penyiangan umur 4 mst, (G4) : penyiangan umur 6 mst, (G5) : penyiangan umur 2 mst dan 4 mst, (G6) : penyiangan umur 2 mst dan 6 mst, (G7) : penyiangan umur 4 mst dan 6 mst, (G8) : penyiangan umur 2 mst, 4 mst dan 6 mst dan (G9) : bebas gulma sampai panen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gulma yang dominan adalah gulma dari golongan berdaun lebar seperti Heliotropium indicum L., Cleome rotidospermae, Hedyotis corymbosa L. Lamk., Phyllanthus niruri serta Eclipta prostrata dan gulma dari golongan teki yaitu Cyperus rotundus. Penyiangan gulma yang dilakukan umur 2 mst dan 4 mst berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, bobot kering, jumlah polong dan jumlah biji kacang tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) pada sistem tumpangsari dengan ubi kayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) apabila dibandingkan dengan tanpa penyiangan

The Met Office HadGEM3-ES chemistry–climate model: evaluation of stratospheric dynamics and its impact on ozone

Free-running and nudged versions of a Met Office chemistry–climate model are evaluated and used to investigate the impact of dynamics versus transport and chemistry within the model on the simulated evolution of stratospheric ozone. Metrics of the dynamical processes relevant for simulating stratospheric ozone are calculated, and the free-running model is found to outperform the previous model version in 10 of the 14 metrics. In particular, large biases in stratospheric transport and tropical tropopause temperature, which existed in the previous model version, are substantially reduced, making the current model more suitable for the simulation of stratospheric ozone. The spatial structure of the ozone hole, the area of polar stratospheric clouds, and the increased ozone concentrations in the Northern Hemisphere winter stratosphere following sudden stratospheric warmings, were all found to be sensitive to the accuracy of the dynamics and were better simulated in the nudged model than in the free-running model. Whilst nudging can, in general, provide a useful tool for removing the influence of dynamical biases from the evolution of chemical fields, this study shows that issues can remain in the climatology of nudged models. Significant biases in stratospheric vertical velocities, age of air, water vapour, and total column ozone still exist in the Met Office nudged model. Further, these can lead to biases in the downward flux of ozone into the troposphere

The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in reproductive-aged women of different ethnicity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The prevalence of PCOS was investigated in many studies in different continents. However, there is no established prevalence of PCOS for distinct ethnic groups. In the current analysis, we conducted searches in PubMed, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CINAHL up to Jan. 2017 to identify studies reporting prevalence of PCOS in the general female population. Forty-two studies were identified, with 13 eligible for evidence synthesis. The prevalence among different ethnicity was estimated using random effect modelling. Our results suggested the lowest prevalence in Chinese women(2003 Rotterdam criterion: 5.6% 95% interval: 4.4–7.3%), and then in an ascending order for Caucasians (1990 NIH criterion: 5.5% 95% interval: 4.8–6.3%), Middle Eastern (1990 NIH 6.1% 95% interval: 5.3–7.1%; 2003 Rotterdam 16.0% 95% interval: 13.8–18.6%; 2006 AES 12.6% 95% interval: 11.3–14.2%), and Black women (1990 NIH: 6.1% 95% interval: 5.3–7.1%).There is variation in prevalence of PCOS under different diagnostic criteria and across ethnic groups. This emphasises the need for ethnicity-specific guidelines for PCOS to prevent under- or over-diagnosis of the condition given that under-diagnosis may lead to rapid conversion of metabolic disorders for patients whereas over-diagnosis may exert negative psychological effects on patients which worsens the major symptoms of PCOS

Concurrent sodium channelopathies and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis supports shared pathogenesis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an invariably fatal adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder; approximately 10% of ALS is monogenic but all ALS exhibits significant heritability. The skeletal muscle sodium channelopathies are a group of inherited, non-dystrophic ion channel disorders caused by heterozygous point mutations in the SCN4A gene, leading to clinical manifestations of congenital myotonia, paramyotonia, and periodic paralysis syndromes. We provide clinical and genetic evidence of concurrence of these two rare disorders which implies a possible shared underlying pathophysiology in two patients. We then identify an enrichment of ALS-associated mutations in another sodium channel, SCN7A, from whole genome sequencing data of 4495 ALS patients and 1925 controls passing multiple testing correction (67 variants, p = 0.0002, Firth logistic regression). These findings suggest dysfunctional sodium channels may play a role upstream in the pathogenesis of ALS in a subset of patients, potentially opening the door to novel personalized medicine approaches

Prolactin and aggression in women with fertility problems

This study tested the hypothesis that women with higher prolactin feel more hostility, anger and aggression. A total of 66 women with moderate fertility problems were grouped into the 50% who had the highest and the 50% who had the lowest levels of prolactin. Levels of hostility, aggression and anger were compared. Women with higher prolactin levels did not report significantly increased hostility. After Bonferroni correction, women with lower prolactin showed non-significantly increased scores on two measures of state anger, and on a measure of trait temper. When comparing those with the highest and lowest 20% of prolactin levels, those with lower prolactin had non-significantly higher scores on trait temper and outward expression of anger, and non-significantly lower scores for control of anger. Although non-significant, these findings run counter to those of earlier studies on this topic. Implications for future research and patient care are discussed