Akibat Hukum terhadap Pencabutan Keterangan Terdakwa di Pengadilan

Penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana perlindungan hukum terhadap hak-hak tersangka dalam proses penyidikan dan bagaimana ketentuan hukum atas pencabutan keterangan terdakwa dalam persidangan di Pengadilan. Metode penelitian dalam penulisan skripsi ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dan disimpulkan bahwa: 1. Tersangka mempunyai hak-hak sejak ia mulai diperiksa. Pasal 52 KUHAP : “Dalam pemeriksaan pada tingkat penyidikan dan pengadilan, tersangka atau terdakwa berhak memberikan keterangan secara bebas kepada penyidik atau hakim.” Dalam penjelasan pasal itu, jelas yang dimaksud yaitu tersangka tidak boleh dipaksa atau ditekan. Secara garis besar hak-hak tersebut tergambar dalam prinsip azas praduga tak bersalah. Sebagai jaminan ditegakkan asas praduga tak bersalah dalam KUHAP, maka KUHAP telah memberikan jaminan yang tegas mengatur tentang hak-hak tersangka. 2. Pencabutan keterangan terdakwa di pengadilan harus berdasarkan alat bukti dan alasan yang logis guna mendukung pencabutan keterangannya di persidangan. Dasar dilakukannya pencabutan itu antara lain didalam penyidikan terdakwa disiksa, dipukuli hal ini senada dengan Putusan Mahkamah Agung No. 381 K / Pid / 1995, tidak didampingi oleh penasihat hukum, tidak bisa membaca atau menulis sewaktu menandatangani berita acara pemeriksaan, adanya unsur atau faktor psikologis yang berlebihan sewaktu dalam penyidikan

Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor determine the fatal or non-fatal course of endotoxic shock

Abstract The role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in endotoxin-induced shock was investigated in pigs receiving 5 μg kg− of Escherichia coli endotoxin (LPS) during 60 min of continuous infusion into the superior mesenteric artery. LPS concentration in aortic plasma, as determined by a chromogenic Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) test, reached a peak of approximately 1000 ng 1−1 during LPS infusion, and declined rapidly after discontinuation of the infusion. Serum TNF levels were determined by a bioassay using the L929 murine transformed fibroblast line. Eight of the 17 animals infused with LPS died within 30 min after beginning LPS administration, while the other 9 pigs survived beyond the experimental observation period of 3 h, although they were in a state of shock. No difference in LPS concentration was found between the survivors and the non-survivors. However, the serum TNF levels in non-survivors were significantly higher than in survivors when measured at 30 min after beginning LPS administration. In survivors, the peak increase in serum TNF levels was measured at 60 min after the beginning of LPS injection and returned rapidly to the baseline values. Although the role of TNF inducing rapid death seems to be dominant, the hemodynamic, hematology and blood chemistry disturbances seen during shock continued in survivors long after the return of TNF to baseline levels. These findings indicate that besides TNF other mediators are also involved in the LPS infusion-induced shock

Making the house a home: the stimulative effect of home purchases on consumption and investment

We introduce and quantify a new channel through which the housing market affects household spending: the home purchase channel. Households spend on average $8,000 more on home-related durables and home improvements in the two years following a home purchase. Expenditures on nondurables and durables unrelated to the home remain unchanged or decrease modestly. The home purchase channel played a substantial role in the Great Recession, accounting for one-third of the decline in spending on home-related durables and home improvements from 2005 to 2010.Accepted manuscrip

Triangulasi Konsep Kerja Sama Pemerintah dengan Badan Usaha (KPBU) untuk Menjembatani Kesenjangan Keterampilan di Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN

Implementasi konsep Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (MEA) telah dimulai pada tahun 2015 silam. Kehadiran MEA sebagai bentuk integrasi regional bertujuan untuk meningkatkan daya saing kawasan Asia Tenggara dalam konstelasi perekonomian global. Pemberlakuan MEA ditandai dengan penerapan sejumlah hukum internasional terhadap negara-negara anggota, seperti penurunan tarif barang dan peningkatan fasilitas serta kualitas perdagangan dan bisnis. Dalam menganalisis, penulis terfokus kepada sektor perdagangan jasa dengan sub-sektor bidang Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). Hal ini didasarkan kepada kondisi geostrategi ASEAN terkait demografi kependudukan yang berpotensi menguntungkan, namun terhambat oleh kesenjangan keterampilan para pekerja antarnegara anggota ASEAN dalam penguasaan bidang teknologi dan mesin. Tanpa penanggulangan yang sesuai, MEA dikhawatirkan dapat menjadi faktor penunjang kegagalan pencapain moto One Vision, One Identity, One Community itu sendiri. Oleh sebab itu, penulis menganalisis efektivitas salah satu bentuk kerja sama yang diatur dalam kerangka ASEAN, yakni Public Private Partnership (PPP) atau Kerja Sama Pemerintah dengan Badan Usaha (KPBU). Melalui studi pustaka yang dikaji secara kualitatif, penulis menemukan bahwa dengan menambahkan organisasi regional ASEAN kedalam skema triangulasi stakeholder KPBU, strategi pemenuhan visi MEA dapat dilakukan secara lebih efektif dan efisien. Pada akhirnya, tulisan ini diharapkan dapat diadaptasi dan menjadi panduan bagi pengembangan bentuk kerja sama lainnya

Experimental design employed to square wave voltammetry response optimization for the glyphosate determination

The reduction peak current of the derivative N-nitroso of glyphosate herbicide was optimized by experimental design for their determination. The variables involved in the optimization of the square wave voltammetry (SWV) were: voltage step, amplitude, frequency, concentration of the supporting electrolyte and the area of the mercury drop electrode. A complete 2(5) factorial design was used to evaluate the effects of the variables. From the results obtained by the factorial design was set the three more important factors. These variables were evaluated with a central composite design. The conditions that proportionate the best voltammetric response were: 0.025 volt, 0.125 volt, 70 Hz, 1.25 mol L-1 e 0.60 mm² for step voltage, amplitude, frequency, electrolyte concentration and area of the mercury drop, respectively. In these conditions the operational range was from 0.050 up to 100.0 µg mL-1, the detection and quantification limits were 0.025 and 0.080 µg mL-1, respectively.A corrente de pico de redução do derivativo N-nitroso do herbicida glifosato foi otimizada por planejamentos experimentais, para sua determinação. As variáveis envolvidas na otimização da voltametria de onda quadrada (SWV) foram: incremento de voltagem, amplitude, freqüência, concentração do eletrólito de suporte e a área da gota de mercúrio. Um planejamento fatorial completo 2(5) foi usado para avaliar os efeitos das variáveis. Dos resultados obtidos foram escolhidos três dos fatores mais importantes. Estas variáveis foram estudadas com o planejamento composto central. As condições que proporcionaram a melhor resposta voltamétrica foram: 0,025 volt, 0,125 volt, 70 Hz, 1,25 mol L-1 e 0,60 mm² para o incremento de voltagem, amplitude, freqüência, concentração do eletrólito e área da gota de mercúrio, respectivamente. Nestas condições a faixa operacional foi de 0,050 a 100,0 µg mL-1, os limites de detecção e quantificação foram de 0,025 e 0,080 µg mL-1, respectivamente.865871Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Improved detection in CDMA for biased sources

We consider the detection of biased information sources in the ubiquitous code-division multiple-access (CDMA) scheme. We propose a simple modification to both the popular single-user matched-filter detector and a recently introduced near-optimal message-passing-based multiuser detector. This modification allows for detecting modulated biased sources directly with no need for source coding. Analytical results and simulations with excellent agreement are provided, demonstrating substantial improvement in bit error rate in comparison with the unmodified detectors and the alternative of source compression. The robustness of error-performance improvement is shown under practical model settings, including bias estimation mismatch and finite-length spreading codes. © 2007 IOP Publishing Ltd

Ultra-fast searching assists in evaluating sub-ppm mass accuracy enhancement in U-HPLC/Orbitrap MS data

A strategy, detailed methodology description and software are given with which the mass accuracy of U-HPLC-Orbitrap data (resolving power 50,000 FWHM) can be enhanced by an order of magnitude to sub-ppm levels. After mass accuracy enhancement all 211 reference masses have mass errors within 0.5 ppm; only 14 of these are outside the 0.2 ppm error margin. Further demonstration of mass accuracy enhancement is shown on a pre-concentrated urine sample in which evidence for 89 (342 ions) potential hydroxylated and glucuronated DHEA-metabolites is found. Although most DHEA metabolites have low-intensity mass signals, only 11 out of 342 are outside the ±1 ppm error envelop; 272 mass signals have errors below 0.5 ppm (142 below 0.2 ppm). The methodology consists of: (a) a multiple internal lock correction (here ten masses; no identity of internal lock masses is required) to avoid suppression problems of a single internal lock mass as well as to increase lock precision, (b) a multiple external mass correction (here 211 masses) to correct for calibration errors, (c) intensity dependant mass correction, (d) file averaging. The strategy is supported by ultra-fast file searching of baseline corrected, noise-reduced metAlign output. The output and efficiency of ultra-fast searching is essential in obtaining the required information to visualize the distribution of mass errors and isotope ratio deviations as a function of mass and intensity

Nucleocytoplasmic transport: a thermodynamic mechanism

The nuclear pore supports molecular communication between cytoplasm and nucleus in eukaryotic cells. Selective transport of proteins is mediated by soluble receptors, whose regulation by the small GTPase Ran leads to cargo accumulation in, or depletion from the nucleus, i.e., nuclear import or nuclear export. We consider the operation of this transport system by a combined analytical and experimental approach. Provocative predictions of a simple model were tested using cell-free nuclei reconstituted in Xenopus egg extract, a system well suited to quantitative studies. We found that accumulation capacity is limited, so that introduction of one import cargo leads to egress of another. Clearly, the pore per se does not determine transport directionality. Moreover, different cargo reach a similar ratio of nuclear to cytoplasmic concentration in steady-state. The model shows that this ratio should in fact be independent of the receptor-cargo affinity, though kinetics may be strongly influenced. Numerical conservation of the system components highlights a conflict between the observations and the popular concept of transport cycles. We suggest that chemical partitioning provides a framework to understand the capacity to generate concentration gradients by equilibration of the receptor-cargo intermediary.Comment: in press at HFSP Journal, vol 3 16 text pages, 1 table, 4 figures, plus Supplementary Material include