Dialogue across Indigenous, local and scientific knowledge systems reflecting on the IPBES Assessment on Pollinators, Pollination and Food Production

The Dialogue across Indigenous, local and scientific knowledge systems reflecting on the IPBES Assessment on Pollinators, Pollination and Food Production report presents the main outcomes of a Dialogue across Indigenous, local and scientific knowledge systems that revisited and reflected on the key messages derived from the Assessment Report on Pollinators, Pollination and Food Production of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES). The Dialogue was hosted from the 21st to the 25th of January 2019 by the Karen community of Hin Lad Nai, Chiang Rai, Thailand, and it was co-convened and jointly designed by the Inter Mountain Peoples Education and Culture in Thailand Association (IMPECT) and Pgakenyaw Association for Sustainable Development (PASD) together with SwedBio at the Stockholm Resilience Centre and UNESCO Natural Science Sector

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

Contains fulltext : 172380.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access

Microcutting of glass with high ablation efficiency by means of a high power ps-pulsed NIR laser

Microcutting of glass through ultrafast lasers represents a process more and more employed in many industrial fields, among which touchscreen displays for electronic devices. The main disadvantage is the low processing speed that does not meet the industrial requirements. In this work, a ps-pulsed NIR laser with 200 W average power was employed for cutting of thick soda-lime glass with a relatively high thickness of 1 mm submerged in water. The cut evolution with respect to the number of passes and the quality of cut kerf were analysed by considering different levels of pulse repetition rate, pulse energy and scan speed. The results show a considerable influence of the scan speed on the ablation efficiency and surface roughness, because of the thermal accumulation given by the pulse overlap. Complete cut of 1 mm-thick glass was achieved at 400 kHz, 360 μJ, with speed from 0.5 m/s to 3 m/s and number of scans from 300 to 1900 respectively. The results showed that the use of high power ps-pulsed NIR laser can provide high material removal efficiency up to 600 µm3/pulse at 0.5 mm thickness and up to 300 µm3/pulse at 1 mm thickness

Characterization of Somba Cattle Breed Using Molecular Markers

The polymorphism of four categories of genome markers— 11 blood group systems, 5 lactoprotein loci, 2 blood protein loci and 33 microsatellites, i.e. 51 loci in total—was analyzed in four cattle populations or “breeds” from West Africa: the Somba and Lagoon taurine breeds, the Sudanese zebu Peul population and the Borgu population, crossbred between taurine and zebu. The aim of the study was to characterize the polymorphism of the Somba breed and to evaluate its genetic distance with the other three populations, especially the Lagoon breed, with which it shares a high phenotypical resemblance. Whatever the category of markers or the method used, the four populations were clearly separated. Based on the blood group systems, the most marked differences were observed between taurine and zebu breeds especially for the A, B and S systems. The typical high allele frequencies of AlbS and HbB were observed in zebus, as well as the well-known predominance of the αs1-CnC, β-CnA2, κ- CnA haplotype, in contrast with the αs1-CnB, β-CnA1, κ-CnB haplotype of African taurines. Based on microsatellites, reciprocal averaging highlighted the discriminating effect of ETH 225139 allele, whose frequency was very high in the Somba breed, and Hel 13182 and INRA 037114, which were apparently specific to zebu and Lagoon breeds, respectively. These allele frequencies in the Borgu population were roughly intermediate between those in zebus and taurine breeds. The study also tried to determine whether it was possible to identify the population of origin based on the knowledge of the 33-microsatellite genotype of an animal. Results showed that 97% of the animals were correctly classified; errors concerned zebus incorrectly classified as Borgus and vice versa

Opening pressures and atelectrauma in acute respiratory distress syndrome

Purpose: Open lung strategy during ARDS aims to decrease the ventilator-induced lung injury by minimizing the atelectrauma and stress/strain maldistribution. We aim to assess how much of the lung is opened and kept open within the limits of mechanical ventilation considered safe (i.e., plateau pressure 30\ua0cmH2O, PEEP 15\ua0cmH2O). Methods: Prospective study from two university hospitals. Thirty-three ARDS patients (5 mild, 10 moderate, 9 severe without extracorporeal support, ECMO, and 9 severe with it) underwent two low-dose end-expiratory CT scans at PEEP 5 and 15\ua0cmH2O and four end-inspiratory CT scans (from 19 to 40\ua0cmH2O). Recruitment was defined as the fraction of lung tissue which regained inflation. The atelectrauma was estimated as the difference between the intratidal tissue collapse at 5 and 15\ua0cmH2O PEEP. Lung ventilation inhomogeneities were estimated as the ratio of inflation between neighboring lung units. Results: The lung tissue which is opened between 30 and 45\ua0cmH2O (i.e., always closed at plateau 30\ua0cmH2O) was 10\ua0\ub1\ua029, 54\ua0\ub1\ua086, 162\ua0\ub1\ua092, and 185\ua0\ub1\ua0134\ua0g in mild, moderate, and severe ARDS without and with ECMO, respectively (p\ua0<\ua00.05 mild versus severe without or with ECMO). The intratidal collapses were similar at PEEP 5 and 15\ua0cmH2O (63\ua0\ub1\ua026 vs 39\ua0\ub1\ua032\ua0g in mild ARDS, p\ua0=\ua00.23; 92\ua0\ub1\ua053 vs 78\ua0\ub1\ua0142\ua0g in moderate ARDS, p\ua0=\ua00.76; 110\ua0\ub1\ua091 vs 89\ua0\ub1\ua093, p\ua0=\ua00.57 in severe ARDS without ECMO; 135\ua0\ub1\ua0100 vs 104\ua0\ub1\ua080, p\ua0=\ua00.32 in severe ARDS with ECMO). Increasing the applied airway pressure up to 45\ua0cmH2O decreased the lung inhomogeneity slightly (but significantly) in mild and moderate ARDS, but not in severe ARDS. Conclusions: Data show that the prerequisites of the open lung strategy are not satisfied using PEEP up to 15\ua0cmH2O and plateau pressure up to 30\ua0cmH2O. For an effective open lung strategy, higher pressures are required. Therefore, risks of atelectrauma must be weighted versus risks of volutrauma. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01670747 (www.clinicaltrials.gov)