Imaginarios laborales y urbanos del trabajo y su espacialización en la Ciudad de México

PublishedLa ciudad, como producto y productora de trabajo humano, se abordará como un espacio construido social y simbólicamente a partir de las formas de vivir el trabajo. En este capítulo se abordará la relación ciudad y trabajo, desde un estudio de caso, a partir del cual, se proponen reflexiones en torno a la espacialización del trabajo y su relación con los sentidos del trabajo que se le atribuyen. A partir de este abordaje se propone analizar los imaginarios de libertad, informalidad, colectividad y recreación, como algunos de los imaginarios sociales y urbanos que se expresan y dan sentido a los significados y representaciones del trabajo

A phylogenetic approach to disentangling the role of competition and habitat filtering in community assembly of Neotropical forest birds

Methods that assess patterns of phylogenetic relatedness, as well as character distribution and evolution, allow one to infer the ecological processes involved in community assembly. Assuming niche conservatism, assemblages should shift from phylogenetic clustering to evenness with decreasing geographic scale because the relative importance of mechanisms that shape assemblages is hypothesized to be scale-dependent. Whereas habitat filtering is more likely to act at regional scales because of increased habitat heterogeneity that allows sorting of ecologically similar species in contrasting environments, competition is more likely to act at local scales because low habitat heterogeneity provides few opportunities for niche partitioning. We used species lists to assess assemblage composition, data on ecologically-relevant traits, and a molecular phylogeny, to examine the phylogenetic structure of antbird (Thamnophilidae) assemblages at three different geographical scales: regional (ecoregions), intermediate (100-ha plots) and local (mixed-flocks). In addition, we used patterns of phylogenetic beta diversity and beta diversity to separate the factors that structure antbird assemblages at regional scales. Contrary to previous findings, we found a shift from phylogenetic evenness to clustering with decreasing geographical scale. We argue that this does not reject the hypothesis that habitat filtering is the predominant force in regional community assembly, because analyses of trait evolution and structure indicated a lack of niche conservatism in antbirds. In some cases, phylogenetic evenness at regional scales can be an effect of historical biogeographic processes instead of niche-based processes. However, regional patterns of beta diversity and phylogenetic beta diversity suggested that phylogenetic structure in our study cannot be explained by the history of speciation and dispersal of antbirds, further supporting the habitat-filtering hypothesis. Our analyses suggested that competitive interactions might not play an important role locally, which would provide a plausible explanation for the high alpha diversity of antbirds in Amazonia. Finally, we emphasize the importance of including trait information in studies of phylogenetic community structure to adequately assess the mechanisms that determine species co-existence. © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 British Ecological Society

The influence of the complex topography and dynamic history of the montane Neotropics on the evolutionary differentiation of a cloud forest bird (Premnoplex brunnescens, Furnariidae)

Aim: To examine the effect of geographical barriers and habitat dynamics related to climatic oscillations on the phylogeography of a widespread passerine of Neotropical cloud forests, the spotted barbtail (Premnoplex brunnescens). Location: Neotropical humid forests of montane areas in lower Central America and South America. Methods: We sequenced two mitochondrial genes and one nuclear intron from specimens collected across the distribution of P. brunnescens. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using Bayesian and maximum-likelihood methods. Groups with maximum differentiation were estimated with spatial analysis of molecular variance (SAMOVA). We estimated timing of differentiation and relationships among groups with a species-tree approach and historical demography with extended Bayesian skyline plots. Results: Six highly differentiated clades of P. brunnescens are distributed in lower Central America, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, northern Venezuelan mountains, the Northern Andes, central Peru, and southern Peru and Bolivia. Within the Northern Andes clade, six phylogroups were identified associated with different slopes and isolated cordilleras. Most clades occupy opposite sides of low-lying valleys and ridgelines, but little differentiation was observed across several putative barriers. Population divergence occurred in the late Miocene and Pliocene, perhaps in association with Andean uplift. Historical fluctuations in population sizes suggest that populations tracked the spatial dynamics of montane forests associated with glacial cycles. Main conclusions: Extensive genetic differentiation in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA exists among populations of P. brunnescens. Such marked divergence was probably promoted by the rugged topography and dynamic ecological history of the Neotropical mountains. Our study sheds light on mechanisms promoting population differentiation in the montane Neotropics. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd

System analysis of the bio-based economy in Colombia: A bottom-up energy system model and scenario analysis

The transition to a sustainable bio‐based economy is perceived as a valid path towards low‐carbon development for emerging economies that have rich biomass resources. In the case of Colombia, the role of biomass has been tackled through qualitative roadmaps and regional climate policy assessments. However, neither of these approaches has addressed the complexity of the bio‐based economy systematically in the wider context of emission mitigation and energy and chemicals supply. In response to this limitation, we extended a bottom‐up energy system optimization model by adding a comprehensive database of novel bio‐based value chains. We included advanced road and aviation biofuels, (bio)chemicals, bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), and integrated biorefinery configurations. A scenario analysis was conducted for the period 2015–2050, which reflected uncertainties in the capacity for technological learning, climate policy ambitions, and land availability for energy crops. Our results indicate that biomass can play an important, even if variable, role in supplying 315–760 PJ/y of modern bio‐based products. In pursuit of a deep decarbonization trajectory, the large‐scale mobilization of biomass resources can reduce the cost of the energy system by up to 11 billion $/year, the marginal abatement cost by 62%, and the potential reliance on imports of oil and chemicals in the future. The mitigation potential of BECCS can reach 24–29% of the cumulative avoided emissions between 2015 and 2050. The proposed system analysis framework can provide detailed quantitative information on the role of biomass in low carbon development of emerging economies

Checks and Balances in Autoimmune Vasculitis

Age-associated changes in the immune system including alterations in surface protein expression are thought to contribute to an increased susceptibility for autoimmune diseases. The balance between the expression of coinhibitory and costimulatory surface protein molecules, also known as immune checkpoint molecules, is crucial in fine-tuning the immune response and preventing autoimmunity. The activation of specific inhibitory signaling pathways allows cancer cells to evade recognition and destruction by the host immune system. The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to treat cancer has proven to be effective producing durable antitumor responses in multiple cancer types. However, one of the disadvantages derived from the use of these agents is the appearance of inflammatory manifestations termed immune-related adverse events (irAEs). These irAEs are often relatively mild, but more severe irAEs have been reported as well including several forms of vasculitis. In this article, we argue that age-related changes in expression and function of immune checkpoint molecules lead to an unstable immune system, which is prone to tolerance failure and autoimmune vasculitis development. The topic is introduced by a case report from our hospital describing a melanoma patient treated with ICIs and who subsequently developed biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis. Following this case report, we present an in-depth review on the role of immune checkpoint pathways in the development and progression of autoimmune vasculitis and its relation with an aging immune system

Rethinking the Building Envelope as an Intelligent Community Hub for Renewable Energy Sharing

The widespread use of electric vehicles is hampered by the lack of an adequate charging points network. Likewise, and depending on the use, there could be a lack of correspondence between energy use and production in buildings equipped with renewable energy production systems. For these reasons, a modular device, which could be fully integrated into the building envelope, has been developed. The aim of the project was both to regenerate the existing building envelope and to enhance the newest one, adding new functions. The main goal will be the support of the growth of an electric power-sharing attitude capable of promoting the widespread use of electric vehicles of electric vehicle (EV), supporting strategic actions to retrofit/convert a private building in shared spaces for EV mobility, ensuring enough coverage for charging devices and reducing costs for public administration

Occupant-Centred Control strategies for Adaptive Facades: A preliminary study of the impact of shortwave solar radiation on thermal comfort

Adaptive facades have the potential to shape resource-efficient and occupant-centred spaces only when their control strategies are tailored to meet transient, local and personal demands. State-of-the-art control algorithms are currently failing to provide occupant thermal satisfaction because the data on occupant response to the thermal environment is not sufficiently granular. This paper presents a preliminary assessment of the use of the adjusted operative temperature, which accounts also for the additional effect of shortwave radiation on occupants, to dynamically devise learning control strategies that meet individual occupant comfort requirements. Shortwave effects of solar radiation on occupant comfort and operative temperature are compared to those considering only longwave radiation and two alternative occupant-centred control strategies are devised and assessed. Lastly, a combined occupant-centred control strategy is also proposed for an open space office

The Bier Spot: La Cervecería Ecuestre

The Bier Spot es una nueva idea que busca contribuir en el desarrollo del deporte ecuestre en Colombia. Consiste en ofrecer una experiencia inigualable para toda la comunidad caballista del país, que gire en torno a la cerveza La equitación se caracteriza por ser un deporte de élite, lo cual hace que su público objetivo sea muy atractivo para cualquier tipo de negocio. La disciplina de mayor relevancia (dentro de todas las ecuestres) es la del salto, teniendo como epicentro en Colombia a la capital de Bogotá. Durante el año, se realizan un total de 28 concursos en la ciudad de Bogotá con un promedio de 700 participantes, además de aprox. 1200 asistentes en cada uno de ellos. Actualmente no existe ningún establecimiento que se encargue de la realización de eventos dentro del marco de estas competencias, ni tampoco un espacio atractivo para jinetes ni acompañantes donde puedan disfrutar de una cerveza y/o bebida acompañada de buena música. Teniendo en cuenta el escenario descrito anteriormente, surge The Bier Spot, como “la cervecería” ecuestre, ofreciendo a toda la comunidad caballista un espacio agradable donde se les ofrezca cerveza artesanal de la mejor calidad y se les garantice una experiencia única e inigualable. Esta investigación busca desarrollar el modelo de negocio y el concepto denominado como The Bier Spot, analizando los aspectos de mayor relevancia para determinar la viabilidad del negocio, el potencial del mismo y la posibilidad de ejecutarlo ya sea a corto, mediano y/o largo plazo.Administrador de EmpresasPregrad

APOE isoform does not influence trans-synaptic spread of tau pathology in a mouse model

A key hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau in neurofibrillary tangles. This occurs alongsideneuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Pathological tau propagates through the AD brain in a defined manner, which correlates withneuron and synapse loss and cognitive decline. One proposed mechanism of tau spread is through synaptically connected brain structures.Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) genotype is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset AD and is associated with increased tau burden. Whetherthe apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype influences neurodegeneration via tau spread is currently unknown. Here, we demonstrate that virallyexpressed human tau (with the P301L mutation) injected into mouse entorhinal cortex at 5–6 months or 15–16 months of age spreads transsynaptically to the hippocampus by 14weeks post-injection. Injections of tau in mice expressing human APOE2, APOE3 or APOE4, as well as APOEknock-outs, showed that tau can spread trans-synaptically in all genotypes and that APOE genotype and age do not affect the spread of tau.These data suggest that APOE genotype is not directly linked to synaptic spread of tau in our model, but other mechanisms involving non-cellautonomous manners of tau spread are still possible