46 research outputs found
Indian Seafood Export: Trends, Forecast and Market Stability Analysis
In India, the seafood export gradually increased from a mere earning of Rs. 3.98 crores in 1961-62 to Rs. 30213.26 crores in 2013-14 and in terms of quantity the export increased from mere 15732 tonnes to staggering 9.83 lakh tonnes in the same period. Three-year moving average for export and production shows increasing trend with a correlation coefficient of 0.87 between them. Lowest CGR was observed for the decade 1981-1990 (2.50% for quantity and 4.76% for value) whereas for the rest of the decades the figures were higher than 3.0 % for quantity and 5.0% for value. Using Markov chain approachit was observed that Japan was the most stable market among the major importers of Indian Seafood as reflected by the probability of retention at 86.36 % and the most unstable markets was the Middle East with the 40 % retention.The forecast for the marine product export for 2020 was found to be 13.82 lakh tonnes using Holt method
Mechanical tuning of the evaporation rate of liquid on crossed fibers
We investigate experimentally the drying of a small volume of perfectly
wetting liquid on two crossed fibers. We characterize the drying dynamics for
the three liquid morphologies that are encountered in this geometry: drop,
column and a mixed morphology, in which a drop and a column coexist. For each
morphology, we rationalize our findings with theoretical models that capture
the drying kinetics. We find that the evaporation rate depends significantly on
the liquid morphology and that the drying of liquid column is faster than the
evaporation of the drop and the mixed morphology for a given liquid volume.
Finally, we illustrate that shearing a network of fibers reduces the angle
between them, changes the morphology towards the column state, and so enhances
the drying rate of a volatile liquid deposited on it
Conservação e restauro de uma urna em vidro do século I d.C., encontrada em Mértola (Portugal)
International audienceThe evolution of capillary forces during evap-oration and the corresponding changes in the geometrical characteristics of liquid (water) bridges between two glass spheres with constant separation are examined experimen-tally. For comparison, the liquid bridges were also tested for mechanical extension (at constant volume). The obtained results reveal substantial differences between the evolution of capillary force due to evaporation and the evolution due to extension of the liquid bridges. During both evaporation and extension, the change of interparticle capillary forces consists in a force decrease to zero either gradually or via rupture of the bridge. At small separations between the grains (short & wide bridges) during evaporation and at large volumes during extension, there is a slight initial increase of force. During evaporation, the capillary force decreases slowly at the begin-ning of the process and quickly at the end of the process; during extension, the capillary force decreases quickly at the beginning and slowly at the end of the process. Rup-ture during evaporation of the bridges occurs most abruptly for bridges with wider separations (tall and thin), sometimes occurring after only 25 % of the water volume was evapo-rated. The evolution (pinning/depinning) of two geometri-cal characteristics of the bridge, the diameter of the three-phase contact line and the "apparent" contact angle at the solid/liquid/gas interface, seem to control the capillary force evolution. The findings are of relevance to the mechanics of unsaturated granular media in the final phase of drying
Biochemical components of wild relatives of chickpea confer resistance to pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera
Efforts are being made to develop chickpea varieties with resistance to the pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera for reducing
pesticide use and minimizing the extent of losses due to this pest. However, only low to moderate levels of resistance have
been observed in the cultivated chickpea to this polyphagous pest. Hence, it is important to explore wild relatives as resistance
sources to develop insect-resistant cultivars. Therefore, we studied different biochemical components that confer resistance to
H. armigera in a diverse array of wild relatives of chickpea. Accessions belonging to wild relatives of chickpea exhibited high
levels of resistance to H. armigera as compared to cultivated chickpea genotypes in terms of lower larval survival, pupation
and adult emergence, decreased larval and pupal weights, prolonged larval and pupal developmental periods and reduced
fecundity of the H. armigera when reared on artificial diet impregnated with lyophilized leaf powders. Amounts of proteins
and phenols in different accessions of chickpea wild relatives were significantly and negatively correlated with larval weight,
pupation and adult emergence. Phenols showed a negative correlation with pupal weight and fecundity, but positive correlation
with pupal period. Total soluble sugars showed a negative correlation with larval period, but positive correlation with
pupation and pupal weight, while tannins showed a positive correlation with larval weight, pupation and adult emergence.
The flavonoid compounds such as chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, naringin, 3,4-dihydroxy flavones, quercetin, naringenin,
genistein, biochanin-A and formononetin that were identified through HPLC fingerprints, exhibited negative effects on survival
and development of H. armigera reared on artificial diet impregnated with lyophilized leaf powders. The wild relatives
with diverse mechanisms of resistance conferred by different biochemical components can be used as sources of resistance
in chickpea breeding programs to develop cultivars with durable resistance to H. armigera for sustainable crop production
Perturbation solution of the shape of a nonaxisymmetric sessile drop
10.1021/la101168bLangmuir261310717-10724LANG