Conservation and evaluation of historical and monumental educational structures case study Antalya High School

Since the period that they started to emerge, cities are formed by the history that the civilizations take from the past, with the cultural values and the geography that they are in. The cities, which exist within this development process throughout civilizations, brought along the structures that are considered to be urban heritage and are occurred within the economic, social, societal and spatial feature and necessity. This process continues its existence with a lot of examples throughout the civilization history both in the world and in our country. There is an important variety between the historical structures that occur in our cities. Cities with the civil architecture examples and public buildings have a wide range of features that give them their identity constructions. One of the important structures that occur within this wide range is the training facilities, which started from the Ottoman Period and continued until the Republican Period and showed an increase. The education system, which started as madrassas and mosques in the Ottoman Period and later on turned into high schools and schools, and its structure are the important urban symbols in our cities. In this study, the protection and survival of the training facilities, which are historical and cultural inventories and reflect their periodical features and city identity, will be discussed. Within this scope, Antalya High School, which is one of the historical training facilities in Antalya, is taken as a sample. Antalya High School, concerning its history and statue, is city’s one of the important historical and social symbols. It is an important heritage that must be protected and maintained, since it reflects the cultural, social and architectural features of its history. Within the scope of the study, some examples of the historical training facilities, which have the similar statue in our country, are investigated to reach a general evaluation and within the sample area the study is detailed. The historical development of the investigated structure and its today’s position are investigated with environmental structures, and suggestions are made for protection – use – assessment. Analysis of the current situation is reinforced with the pedestrian counts and observational rapid assessment methods applied to structures and both quantitative and qualitative data could be reached for the study base. An evaluation was made for probable actions that aim the protection and survival of the urban and structural development within the historical process. When a further step is to be thought of this study, which is made with parcel scale, it should not be forgotten that this study will serve as an intermediate product for future evaluation and conversion studies on urban scale with the context of Urban Planning

Snow metamorphism: a fractal approach

Snow is a porous disordered medium consisting of air and three water phases: ice, vapour and liquid. The ice phase consists of an assemblage of grains, ice matrix, initially arranged over a random load bearing skeleton. The quantitative relationship between density and morphological characteristics of different snow microstructures is still an open issue. In this work, a three-dimensional fractal description of density corresponding to different snow microstructure is put forward. First, snow density is simulated in terms of a generalized Menger sponge model. Then, a fully three-dimensional compact stochastic fractal model is adopted. The latter approach yields a quantitative map of the randomness of the snow texture, which is described as a three-dimensional fractional Brownian field with the Hurst exponent H varying as continuous parameter. The Hurst exponent is found to be strongly dependent on snow morphology and density. The approach might be applied to all those cases where the morphological evolution of snow cover or ice sheets should be conveniently described at a quantitative level

Resolving genetic relationships in manna group of lichens from genus Aspicilia

As in many lichen-forming fungi, species of Aspicilia genus are widely distributed all over the world, but no reports exist about their phylogenetic relations based on molecular biological methods. In thecurrent study the phylogenetic relations of some Aspicilia species mainly manna group of lichens were investigated. The ITS rDNA sequence information of 12 samples from six species were generated. The samples examined were collected from different provinces of Anatolia and all the sequences were aligned with the other allied groups; Pertusaria sp., Thamnolia sp., Dibaeis sp., Diploschistes sp.,Ochrolechia sp. and Lecanora sp. sequence data obtained from GenBank. The phylogenetic tree obtained by minimum evolution analysis displayed two major branches. One of the branches with itssix members (Aspicilia contorta subsp. contorta, A. contorta subsp. hoffmanniana, Aspicilia hispida, Aspicilia fruticulosa, Aspicilia desertorum Aspicilia calcarea) composed solely of Aspicilia samplesfrom Anatolia. Three of the manna groups of lichens were placed in this branch of the tree. The other related taxa from Ostropomycetidae and Lecanoromycetidae took place in the other branch of the treewith Aspicilia samples from Anatolia. Results displayed that manna group of lichens, although do not represent taxonomical unit tend to form a group especially apperent by the Neigbour Joining analysiswith Anatolian samples. Also the sequence information from Anatolian samples displayed that Aspicilia genus is phylogenetically closer to the orders and families from Ostropomycetidae subclass rather than Lecanoromycetidae which support the placement of Hymeneliaceae within Ostropomycetidae

Transversity and Collins functions from SIDIS and e+e- data

A global analysis of the experimental data on azimuthal asymmetries in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS), from the HERMES and COMPASS Collaborations, and in e+e- --> h1 h2 X processes, from the BELLE Collaboration, is performed. It results in the extraction of the Collins fragmentation function and, for the first time, of the transversity distribution function for u and d quarks. These turn out to have opposite signs and to be sizably smaller than their positivity bounds. Predictions for the azimuthal asymmetry A_{UT}^{sin(phi_h + phi_S)}, as will soon be measured at JLab and COMPASS operating on a transversely polarized proton target, are then presented

Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering processes from small to large P_T

We consider the azimuthal and $P_T$ dependence of hadrons produced in unpolarized Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) processes, within the factorized QCD parton model. It is shown that at small $P_T$ values, P_T \lsim 1 GeV/c, lowest order contributions, coupled to unintegrated (Transverse Momentum Dependent) quark distribution and fragmentation functions, describe all data. At larger $P_T$ values, P_T \gsim 1 GeV/c, the usual pQCD higher order collinear contributions dominate. Having explained the full $P_T$ range of available data, we give new detailed predictions concerning the azimuthal and $P_T$ dependence of hadrons which could be measured in ongoing or planned experiments by HERMES, COMPASS and JLab collaborations.Comment: 14 pages, 17 figures, uses revtex

Reproduction and population structure of the sea cucumber Holothuria tubulosa in the Dardanelles Strait, Turkey

In this study, Holothuria tubulosa Gmelin 1791 was investigated from April 2013 to March 2014 in the Dardanelles Strait, to outline the morphological characteristics, reproductive patterns and the relationship between population characteristics and environmental parameters. Between 15 and 30 individuals of this species were sampled monthly from three stations. There was a negative allometry between length and weight, being gutted weight the most reliable measurement for this species. Reproductive patterns of the species were identified the first time for Turkish coasts. By macroscopic examination of the gonads, smallest sizes (gutted length) were measured as 8.4 and 8.1 cm for female and male, respectively. Sex ratio was calculated as 1: 1.1 with differences between seasons. The reproduction of sea cucumbers occurred between August and September after Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) values reached their maximum in July. The species was found down to 10 m depth with a population density of 0.21 / m2, which was rather low compared to previously reported values for Mediterranean populations of this species. There was a high positive correlation between population density and GSI of the species. The highest population density was observed where the largest sea grass meadows are found

The protective effects of melatonin and vitamin E on antioxidant enzyme activities and epididymal sperm characteristics of homocysteine treated male rats

The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of homocysteine (Hcy) on epididymal sperm characteristics, plasma testosterone level and biochemical changes related to oxidative stress and to examine the effects of melatonin (Mlt) or Vitamin E (VE) administration on these parameters in Hcy-treated male rats. In this study, 32 adult male albino rats of Wistar strain were used. The rats were randomly divided into four groups. The first group of rats received only Hcy (0.71 mg/kg/day) intraperitonially (ip) for 6 weeks. The second group of rats was given Hcy along with simultaneous administration of Mlt (1 mg/kg/day) subcutaneously. The third group of rats received Hcy along with simultaneous administration of VE (125 mg/kg/day, ip). The fourth group of rats served as control during 6 weeks and was daily given 0.1mL of physiological saline (NaCl, 0.9%) ip. While the plasma malondialdehyde level significantly (p < 0.05) increased, the plasma superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in Hcy-treated rats when compared to control rats. Furthermore, the epididymal sperm concentration, the percentage of progressive sperm motility and plasma testosterone level were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in Hcy-treated rats than those of the control rats. The simultaneous administration of Mlt or VE to Hcy-treated animals impeded the decrease in the plasma antioxidant enzyme activities, testosterone level, the epididymal sperm concentration and motility. In conclusion, this study indicates that chronic administration of Hcy has the harmful effect on the epididymal sperm characteristics of male rats. The administration of Mlt or VE can prevent adverse effects of Hcy on the plasma antioxidant enzyme activities, testosterone level, epididymal sperm count and motility in male rats

Firing deformation in large size porcelain tiles. Effect of compositional and process variables

Ponencia presentada en el XV Congreso Mundial de la Calidad Del Azulejo y del Pavimento Cerámico (QUALICER 18), celebrado en Castellón (Spain) los días 12 y 13 de febrero de 2018.The manufacture of porcelain stoneware has undergone a spectacular growth in the last years, as a result of the good technical and functional performance associated to the impervious feature of the sintered product, together with the great technological advance that the ceramic tile manufacturing sector is experiencing [1]. To such an extent, that today, porcelain stoneware is the most demanded product for use in flooring surfaces, but at the same time, it is becoming important to incorporate in other applications such as ventilated facades

Geo-Biological Investigations on Azooxanthellate Cold-Water Coral Reefs on the Carbonate Mounds Along the Celtic Continental Slope

Northeast Atlantic 2004 Cruise No. 61, Leg 1 April 19 to May 4, 2004, Lisbon – Cor