Comparison of experimental susceptibility of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), turbot (Psetta maxima), Black Sea Trout (Salmo trutta labrax) and Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) to lactococcus garvieae

WOS: 000348289800022Lactococcus garvieae is a major fish pathogen leads to haemorragic septicemia in many fish species. Present study was designed to determine and compare differences in susceptibilities of some important fish species to L. garvieae. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Black Sea trout (Salmo trutta labrax; synonym, Salmo coruhensis), turbot (Psetta maxima), and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were kept at different temperature ranges (12-23 degrees C) for 30 days and challenged by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection and immersion (imm) with L. garvieae (Lgper), isolated from rainbow trout and ATCC49156 strain. Bacteria were ranged between 1.7x10(5) - 2x10(6) colonies forming unit (cfu) fish(-1) in experiments. As a result of the experiments, Lgper strain had high virulence for rainbow trout, with 98% mortality when challenged by i.p. injection. Rainbow trout and Black Sea trout tested at the lower temperature (12 degrees C) were less susceptible (max. mortality 16%) to L. garvieae. These two fish species had similar susceptibilities to L. garvieae (P>0.05). There was no mortality or any clinical signs when turbot and sea bass were challenged with L. garvieae. the results of the study generate important source in controlling of possible lactococcosis outbreaks in aquaculture industry.Central Fisheries Research Institute (CFRI)This study was supported by the Central Fisheries Research Institute (CFRI). Experimental animals were conducted in accordance with national and institutional guidelines for the protection of animal welfare. We thank to Prof. Dr. Ilhan Altinok from Karadeniz Technical University for providing L. garvieae ATCC49156. We also thank Hakan Isidan, Esen Alp, Orhan Ak and Murat Dagtekin for their assistance. This article is a part of PhD thesis of Mustafa Ture

The use of cyclic processes in medical decision making: An application of the Markov model

Amaç: Çalışmada Markov modelin kavramsal yapısına açıklık getirilerek, sağlık alanında karar verme ve kestirimde bulunmada kullanımının örnek bir model ile gösterilmesi amaçlandı. Çalışma Planı: Markov model kuramını irdelemek için hipotetik bir çalışmayla, St. Jude toplam terapi XIIIB protokolünün akut lenfoblastik lösemideki etkinliğine ilişkin örnek bir model kurgulandı. Başlangıç durumu remisyon olan 10000 denemelik bir kohort benzetim çözümlemesi düzenlenerek 10 döngü sürecinde olguların remisyonda kalma beklentisi hesaplandı. Bulgular: Olayların zamanlaması önemli olduğunda, zaman aşımı karar probleminde risk yaratıyorsa ve olaylar birden fazla kez tekrar edebiliyorsa (nüks gibi), Markov model söz konusu olayları tahmin etmede kullanılabilir bir modelleme türüdür. Kurguladığımız örnek modelin sonucu olarak, St. Jude toplam terapi XIIIB protokolü ile tedavi gören herhangi bir olgunun 2. döngüde relapssız remisyonda kalma olasılığının %43 olduğu ve bu döngüden sonra artan bir hızda düştüğü bulundu. Sonuç: Markov modeller yardımıyla klinik stratejilerin maliyet, etkinlik ve yaşam kalitesi ölçütleri sentez edilerek, bunların sonucunda yaşam beklentisi, kalite düzeltmeli yaşam beklentisi ve yaşam maliyeti hesaplanabilir.Objectives: We aimed to explain the conceptual basis of the Markov model and to show the use of this model by an example application in medical decision making and medical predicting. Study Design: An example model regarding the effectiveness of St. Jude Total Therapy XIIIB protocol in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) was hypothesised to evaluate the Markov model concept. The expected remission probabilities in 10 cycles were calculated in a cohort simulation with 10,000 trials, in a cohort in remission in the initial state. Results: Markov models are effective prediction models when the timing of events is important, when the decision problem involves risk over time and when events may happen more than once (as in recurrence). Markov models can be used in estimating such events. As a result of derived model, the remission probability without relaps of any case treatrd with St. Jude Total Therapy XIIIB protocol in ALL disease in the second cycle was found as 43% and it was sharply reduced after this cycle. Conclusion: Cost, effectiveness, and health-related quality of life criteria of clinical strategies can be synthesised by the help of Markov models and used in the calculation of life expectancy, quality adjusted life expectancy and lifetime cost

Evaluation of oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oil supplementation on growth performance, digestive enzymes, intestinal histomorphology and gut microbiota of Black Sea salmon, Salmo labrax

This study aimed to determine the effect of dietary oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oil (EO) on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, intestinal histomorphology, and intestinal microbiota of the Black Sea salmon juvenile (Salmo labrax). Fish were fed diets different levels of oregano EO such as 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg kg-1. For this purpose, a total of 675 fish were distributed randomly in triplicate into 5 experiment groups in 15 experiment tanks. Fish with average initial weights of 3.52±0.01 g were fed by hand at 3% of live weight for 90 days. At the end of the study, feeding with oregano EO supplementation did not significantly affect the growth performance of fish. Except for pepsin, there were no significant differences in the activity of digestive enzymes among the control and oregano EO groups. Besides, oregano EO at the doses of 50 or 400 mg kg-1 may have the potential to increase the surface area required for digestion by increasing intestinal villi length. Moreover, all doses of oregano EO showed antimicrobial properties by decreasing the count of lactic acid bacteria in the intestine. Supplementation with 100 and 200 mg kg-1 oregano EO in diets decreased the total coliform, Escherichia coli and lactic acid bacteria counts when compared to the control group. The results showed that oregano EO may positively affect digestion and absorption without adverse effects on the growth performance of Black Sea salmon juvenile. © 2022 Osman Tolga Özel et al., published by Sciendo

Influence of laurel (Laurus nobilis) essential oil on gut function of Black Sea salmon (Salmo labrax) juveniles

The present work investigated the efects of dietary incorporation of laurel (Laurus nobilis) essential oil on the zootechnical performance and digestive physiology of juvenile Black Sea salmon (Salmo labrax). In this trial, 15 fberglass tanks (39×39 cm square and 33 cm high) were used. Forty-fve fsh (3.52±0.01 g) were placed randomly per tank. Fish were fed for 90 days with the diet containing 50, 100, 200, or 400 mg kg−1 laurel (Laurus nobilis) essential oils, respectively. The work was performed in the recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) operating with freshwater. Fish were manually fed 3% level of live weight during the experiment period. Final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), feed conversion rate (FCR), and specifc growth rate (SGR) were not afected by laurel essential oil supplementation. Dietary laurel essential oil (50 mg kg−1) afected positively the surface area of fsh intestinal villus that required for digestion. Both villus height and villus width were afected positively in fsh fed with 50 mg laurel essential oil kg−1. While incorporation with 100 mg laurel essential oil kg−1 increased the total α-amylase enzyme, 50 mg laurel kg−1 increased lipase enzyme. Moreover, 50 mg laurel essential oil kg−1 increased lactic acid bacteria (LAB) count in fsh. Besides, 50 mg laurel essential oil kg−1 reduced the number of total coliform and E. coli

Investigation of MEFV gene polymorphisms (G138G and A165A) in adult patients with familial Mediterranean fever

AbstractAimVarious mutations have been identified in the Mediterranean fever (MEFV) gene which is reported to be responsible from Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). In our study, we aimed to determine the frequency of the MEFV mutations in our region and to investigate the impact of G138G (rs224224, c.414A>G) and A165A (rs224223, c.495C>A) gene polymorphisms on the clinical findings of the disease.MethodsOne hundred and sixteen patients diagnosed with FMF and 95 control subjects were included in this study. We used the DNA sequence analysis method to identify the most prevailing 10 mutations located in exon 2 and 10 of MEFV gene.ResultsAs a result of the MEFV mutation analysis, the most common mutation was the M694V mutation allele with a frequency rate of 41.8%. When the patients group and control group were compared in terms of frequency of both polymorphic alleles (G polymorphic allele, observed in G138G and the A polymorphic allele, observed in A165A), the variation was observed to be statistically significant (p<0.001). It was found that the MEFV mutation types have no relation with clinical findings and amyloidosis (p>0.05).ConclusionsTo our knowledge, our study is the first study in the Southern Marmara region that reports the frequency of MEFV mutations. Our findings imply that the polymorphisms of G138G and A165A may have an impact on progress of the disease. We think that more studies, having higher number of cases and investigating the polymorphisms of MEFV gene, are needed

Bazı kromoiyonofor yapılarının sensör geliştirme amaçlı olarak optik fiberler ile fotokarekterizasyonu

Bu çalışmanın birinci bölümünde, yeni sentezlenen bir indikator olan 4-{(1E, 3E)-3-[(4-klorofenil)imino]-1-propenil}-N,N-dimetilanilin (CPIPA) kullanılarak orijinal Hg(II) sensörü geliştirilmeye çalışıldı. CPIPA çeşitli çözelti ortamlarında ve iyonik sıvıların içerisinde spektrofotometrik olarak karakterize edildi. Boyanın pH'a ve çözünmüş civaya olan spektral yanıtları değerlendirildi. Boya ile ağır metal arasındaki oluşması muhtemel kompleksin stokiyometrisi belirlendi. .Ayrıca spektral yanıtın zamana bağımlı olarak değişimi incelendi. İkinci bölümde ise, orijinal Al3+ sensörü geliştirilmeye çalışıldı. Al3+'e seçimli organik floroiyonofor, N-N'-bis (2-hydroxybenzylidene)-ethane-1,2-diamine (Y1), farklı çözücülerde (diklorometan, tetrahidrofuran, toluen ve etanol) ve çeşitli tampon çözelti ortamlarında, absorpsiyon ve emisyon spektroskopisi kullanılarak araştırıldı. Tüm sensör tasarımlarında, sensör yanıtı, floroiyonoforun metal katyonuyla oluşturabileceği muhtemel kompleksin stokiyometrisi, rejenere edilebilirliği, tayin limiti, doğrusal çalışma aralığı ve tekrarlanabilirlik özellikleri belirlendi. In the first part of this work, original Hg(II) sensor was tried to be developed by making use of 4-{ (1E, 3E)-3-[(4- chloro-phenyl )imino]-1-propenyl}-N,N-dimetilanilin (CPIPA), a newly synthesized indicator dye. CPIPA, was spectrophotometrically characterized in various solvents and ionic liquids. Spectral response of dye to dissolved mercury and pH and was considered. The complex stoichiometry between dye and heavy metal was defined. In addition to that, the transformation of spectral response by time was studied. In the second part, an original Al3+ probe was tried to be developed. Organic fluoroionophore; N-N'-bis (2-hydroxybenzylidene)-ethane-1,2-diamine (Y1), was studied in various solvents (dichlorometan, tetrahydrofurane, toluen and ethanol) by using absorption and emission spectroscopy. In all sensor designs, sensor response, stoichiometry of possible complex between the fluoroionophore and metal cation, possibility of regeneration, detection limit, linear working range and repeatability were defined by using absorption and emission based spectrophotometric techniques

Çarpma koşulu altında helikopter zemin birleşme noktalarının şekil optimizasyonu.

The aim of the crashworthiness is maintaining a survivable space for occupants and absorb crash energy as much as possible. The statistics showed that 85% of all rotorcraft accidents can be survivable. Thus, crashworthy design has direct effect on occupants' survival. This thesis analyses a longitudinal beam and lateral frame intersection point on helicopter subloor. Analysis is performed on ABAQUS Dynamic/Explicit solver. Analysis includes high deformation levels, self-contact and nonlinearities. 110 kg mass is dropped on test structure to simulate crush. The test specimen impacted at 7 m/s vertical speed. To improve the design concept, energy absorption capability of the structure will be examine. Test verification is performed in the first part. After modelling techniques set with verification, geometric optimization is performed to get better energy absorbing capability of subfloor structure. Genetic algorithm is used while finding the best crashworthy solution in our design limits. At the first part of optimization, only geometric variables are investigated. At the second part, material is added as another parameter. Optimum energy absorber structure is aimed as a result of this process.M.S. - Master of Scienc

Isolation of Citrobacter freundii from Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Freshwater Cage

In this study, the bacteriological examination was done in case of disease suspect of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) which kept in cages in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. The bacterial agent was identified as Citrobacter braakii by rapid test kit (API 20E, Profile: 1704553), further identification was performed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Bacteria were identified as Citrobacter freundii by further molecular analysis. The antibacterial susceptibility of bacteria was also determined for 6 different antibiotics. The bacteria was sensitive to florfenicol, enrofloxacin, oxytetracycline and trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole and resistant to erythromycin and amoxicillin-clavulanate. The most effective antibiotic was florfenicol. The disease was treated with florfenicol