33 research outputs found
MMP-9/CD44 : un nouveau complexe ligand/récepteur impliqué dans la régulation de la fonction des cellules musculaires lisses bronchiques humaines
Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal
Neurotensin receptor implication in quality of life and pain relief in a murine animal model of chronic neuropathic pain
Malgré les avancées majeures réalisées dans le monde de la médecine depuis plusieurs années, la gestion de la douleur est encore aujourd’hui un problème médical des plus important. Les patients se voient offrir un nombre limité de composés analgésiques, qui se présentent souvent avec des effets secondaires importants ou tout simplement un manque flagrant d’efficacité pour leur condition douloureuse spécifique. Face à ce constat, le milieu de la recherche en douleur est en profonde réflexion depuis quelques années par rapport à la difficulté d’introduire en clinique de nouveaux composés analgésiques fonctionnels. Parmi les hypothèses soulevées pour tenter de répondre à cette grande problématique, il a été proposé d’améliorer les méthodes d'évaluations précliniques de la douleur, de développer de nouveaux modèles de douleur plus proches de la réalité clinique, de cibler de nouvelles voies moléculaires impliquées dans la douleur, de trouver des alternatives aux approches pharmacologiques classiques, etc. Ces différentes pistes de réponse sont à l’heure actuelle en cours d’études dans de nombreux laboratoires dans le monde. Dans le cadre de mes projets de doctorat, je me suis intéressé à cette problématique de différentes façons. Nous avons tout d’abord validé un nouvel appareil comportemental qui permet d'évaluer des composantes de la douleur chronique qui sont rarement évaluées avec les tests actuellement disponibles. À l’aide de trois modèles de douleur chronique bien établis dans la littérature, soit un modèle de douleur inflammatoire (CFA pour Complete frund Adjuvant), de douleur neuropathique (CCI pour Chronic Constriction Injury) et de douleur cancéreuse osseuse (tumeur fémorale), nous avons montré que le test de distribution pondérale dynamique (ou DWB pour Dynamic Weight Bearing) permet tout d’abord de détecter l’évolution des douleurs de façon comparable au test classique de von fry pour l’allodynie mécanique. De plus, au moins trois autres paramètres pertinents associés à des composantes de qualité de vie ont pu être tirés de nos analyses. En effet, le poids posé sur chacune des pattes, leur temps d’utilisation durant le test et leur surface de contact avec le sol représentent des facettes de l’inconfort s'apparentant à ce qui peut être observé en clinique, mais qui ont rarement été étudié dans un contexte préclinique. Après la démonstration de l’aspect novateur de cet appareil, nous avons voulu valider son efficacité à détecter un effet analgésique, tout en s'interrogeant sur la pertinence clinique de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques. En effet, notre laboratoire s’intéresse au système neurotensinergique, constitué principalement de la neurotensine (NT) et de deux récepteurs couplés aux protéines G (NTS1 et NTS2), et de son fort potentiel analgésique dans différentes conditions douloureuses. Résultant de plusieurs collaborations avec des équipes de chimie médicinale, le laboratoire est maintenant pourvu d'un grand nombre d'agonistes liant les récepteurs à la NT. Nous avons ainsi évalué l’efficacité d'agonistes sélectifs du récepteur NTS2, soit le JMV431, la lévocabastine et la ?-lactotensine, en plus d'un agoniste non sélectif de dernières générations, le JMV2009, présentant des caractéristiques pharmacologiques particulières. Après injection intrathécale, la plupart de ces agonistes se sont montrés d’une grande efficacité pour réduire l’allodynie mécanique présente chez les animaux atteints de douleur neuropathique, en plus d’améliorer de façon remarquable les différents paramètres de qualité de vie préalablement identifiés par notre étude portant sur la caractérisation du DWB. Il était également important de tester des molécules qui sont actuellement prescrites en clinique. Nous avons ainsi spécifiquement choisi des médicaments de première et de deuxième ligne pour le traitement de la douleur neuropathique, soit l’amytriptyline, la prégabaline et la morphine. Tous ces traitements ont été en mesure de réduire la présence d'allodynie mécanique chez les animaux CCI. Toutefois, la majorité de ces composés se sont avérés incapables de renverser les composantes de qualité de vie durant le test de DWB, et ce en utilisant les mêmes doses qui s’étaient montrées efficaces pour réduire l’allodynie mécanique. Cette dernière observation pourrait, au moins en partie, expliquer pourquoi les patients rapportent souvent une mauvaise gestion de leur douleur lorsqu’ils reçoivent ces traitements. Dernièrement, dans l’optique de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement du système neurotensinergique et de chercher des alternatives aux approches pharmacologiques, nous avons utilisé une technique d’interférence de l’ARN pour évaluer le rôle du récepteur NTS2 dans un contexte de douleur tonique. Nous avons alors montré que l’invalidation génique de ce récepteur était en mesure d'inhiber complètement l’effet analgésique induit normalement suivant une injection intrathécale de l’agoniste JMV431. Cette preuve de concept nous indique l’importance de ce récepteur dans la modulation de la douleur et montre également que l’interférence de l’ARN représente une technologie applicable au niveau du système nerveux central. Finalement, à la lumière de nos résultats, il est possible d'affirmer que le système neurotensinergique représente de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques très prometteuses pour diminuer les signes de douleur neuropathique de type réflexif en plus d’améliorer différents paramètres de qualité de vie. Il est alors possible d’espérer que des agonistes neurotensinergique feront prochainement leur chemin ver la clinique afin d’améliorer le bien-être des patients. [symboles non conformes
Structural and functional multiplatform MRI series of a single human volunteer over more than fifteen years
We present MRI data from a single human volunteer consisting in over 599 multi-contrast MR images
(T1-weighted, T2-weighted, proton density, fuid-attenuated inversion recovery, T2* gradient-echo,
difusion, susceptibility-weighted, arterial-spin labelled, and resting state BOLD functional connectivity
imaging) acquired in over 73 sessions on 36 diferent scanners (13 models, three manufacturers) over
the course of 15+ years (cf. Data records). Data included planned data collection acquired within the
Consortium pour l’identifcation précoce de la maladie Alzheimer - Québec (CIMA-Q) and Canadian
Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging (CCNA) studies, as well as opportunistic data collection
from various protocols. These multiple within- and between-centre scans over a substantial time course
of a single, cognitively healthy volunteer can be useful to answer a number of methodological questions
of interest to the community
The assessment of paraspinal muscle epimuscular fat in participants with and without low back pain: A case-control study
It remains unclear whether paraspinal muscle fatty infiltration in low back pain (LBP) is i) solely intramuscular, ii) is lying outside the epimysium between the muscle and fascial plane (epimuscular) or iii) or combination of both, as imaging studies often use different segmentation protocols that are not thoroughly described. Epimuscular fat possibly disturbs force generation of paraspinal muscles, but is seldomly explored. This project aimed to 1) compare epimuscular fat in participants with and without chronic LBP, and 2) determine whether epimuscular fat is different across lumbar spinal levels and associated with BMI, age, sex and LBP status, duration or intensity. Fat and water lumbosacral MRIs of 50 chronic LBP participants and 41 healthy controls were used. The presence and extent of epimuscular fat for the paraspinal muscle group (erector spinae and multifidus) was assessed using a qualitative score (0–5 scale; 0 = no epimuscular fat and 5 = epimuscular fat present along the entire muscle) and quantitative manual segmentation method. Chi-squared tests evaluated associations between qualitative epimuscular fat ratings and LBP status at each lumbar level. Bivariate and partial spearman’s rho correlation assessed relationships between quantitative and qualitative epimuscular fat with participants’ characteristics. Epimuscular fat was more frequent at the L4-L5 (X2 = 13.781, p = 0.017) and L5-S1 level (X2 = 27.825, p < 0.001) in participants with LBP compared to controls, which was not found for the higher lumbar levels. The total qualitative score (combined from all levels) showed a significant positive correlation with BMI, age, sex (female) and LBP status (r = 0.23–0.55; p < 0.05). Similarly, the total area of epimuscular fat (quantitative measure) was significantly correlated with BMI, age and LBP status (r = 0.26–0.57; p < 0.05). No correlations were found between epimuscular fat and LBP duration or intensity. Paraspinal muscle epimuscular fat is more common in chronic LBP patients. The functional implications of epimuscular fat should be further explored
Paraspinal Muscle Changes in Individuals with and without Chronic Low Back Pain over a 4-Month Period: A Longitudinal MRI Study
Background and Objectives: Previous research has shown associations between atrophy and fatty infiltration of the lumbar paraspinal musculature and low back pain (LBP). However, few studies have examined longitudinal changes in healthy controls and individuals with LBP without intervention. We aimed to investigate the natural variations in lumbar paraspinal musculature morphology and composition in this population over a 4-month period. Materials and Methods: Healthy controls and individuals with LBP were age- and sex-matched and completed several self-administered questionnaires. MRIs of L1–L5 were taken at baseline, 2 months, and 4 months to investigate cross-sectional area (CSA), along with DIXON fat and water images. A total of 29 participants had clear images for at least one level for all three time points. Means and standard deviations were calculated for the participant demographics. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was performed to investigate CSA, fat signal fraction, and CSA asymmetry. Results: A total of 27 images at L3/L4, 28 images at L4/L5, and 15 images at L5/S1 were included in the final analysis. There were significant main effects of group for psoas CSA at the L3/L4 level (p = 0.02) and erector spinae (ES) CSA % asymmetry at the L3/L4 level (p p = 0.03). Conclusions: This study provides insights into LM, ES, and psoas morphology in both healthy controls and affected individuals over a 4-month period without any intervention. Our findings suggest that psoas CSA at higher lumbar levels and CSA % asymmetry in general may be a better indicator of pathology and the development of pathology over time. Evaluating natural variations in paraspinal musculature over longer time frames may provide information on subtle changes in healthy controls and affected individuals and their potential role in chronic LBP
Counting your chickens before they hatch: improvements in an untreated chronic pain population, beyond regression to the mean and the placebo effect
Abstract. Introduction:. Isolating the effect of an intervention from the natural course and fluctuations of a condition is a challenge in any clinical trial, particularly in the field of pain. Regression to the mean (RTM) may explain some of these observed fluctuations.
Objectives:. In this paper, we describe and quantify the natural trajectory of questionnaire scores over time, based on initial scores.
Methods:. Twenty-seven untreated chronic low back pain patients and 25 healthy controls took part in this observational study, wherein they were asked to complete an array of questionnaires commonly used in pain studies during each of 3 visits (V1, V2, V3) at the 2-month interval. Scores at V1 were classified into 3 subgroups (extremely high, normal, and extremely low), based on z-scores. The average delta (∆ = V2 − V1) was calculated for each subgroup, for each questionnaire, to describe the evolution of scores over time based on initial scores. This analysis was repeated with the data for V2 and V3.
Results:. Our results show that high initial scores were widely followed by more average scores, while low initial scores tended to be followed by similar (low) scores.
Conclusion:. These trajectories cannot be attributable to RTM alone because of their asymmetry, nor to the placebo effect as they occurred in the absence of any intervention. However, they could be the result of an Effect of Care, wherein participants had meaningful improvements simply from taking part in a study. The improvement observed in patients with high initial scores should be carefully taken into account when interpreting results from clinical trials
Functional up-regulation of Nav1.8 sodium channel in Aβ afferent fibers subjected to chronic peripheral inflammation.
International audienceBACKGROUND: Functional alterations in the properties of Aβ afferent fibers may account for the increased pain sensitivity observed under peripheral chronic inflammation. Among the voltage-gated sodium channels involved in the pathophysiology of pain, Nav1.8 has been shown to participate in the peripheral sensitization of nociceptors. However, to date, there is no evidence for a role of Nav1.8 in controlling Aβ-fiber excitability following persistent inflammation. METHODS: Distribution and expression of Nav1.8 in dorsal root ganglia and sciatic nerves were qualitatively or quantitatively assessed by immunohistochemical staining and by real time-polymerase chain reaction at different time points following complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) administration. Using a whole-cell patch-clamp configuration, we further determined both total INa and TTX-R Nav1.8 currents in large-soma dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons isolated from sham or CFA-treated rats. Finally, we analyzed the effects of ambroxol, a Nav1.8-preferring blocker on the electrophysiological properties of Nav1.8 currents and on the mechanical sensitivity and inflammation of the hind paw in CFA-treated rats. RESULTS: Our findings revealed that Nav1.8 is up-regulated in NF200-positive large sensory neurons and is subsequently anterogradely transported from the DRG cell bodies along the axons toward the periphery after CFA-induced inflammation. We also demonstrated that both total INa and Nav1.8 peak current densities are enhanced in inflamed large myelinated Aβ-fiber neurons. Persistent inflammation leading to nociception also induced time-dependent changes in Aβ-fiber neuron excitability by shifting the voltage-dependent activation of Nav1.8 in the hyperpolarizing direction, thus decreasing the current threshold for triggering action potentials. Finally, we found that ambroxol significantly reduces the potentiation of Nav1.8 currents in Aβ-fiber neurons observed following intraplantar CFA injection and concomitantly blocks CFA-induced mechanical allodynia, suggesting that Nav1.8 regulation in Aβ-fibers contributes to inflammatory pain. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these findings support a key role for Nav1.8 in controlling the excitability of Aβ-fibers and its potential contribution to the development of mechanical allodynia under persistent inflammation
Brain Connectivity Predicts Placebo Response across Chronic Pain Clinical Trials
<div><p>Placebo response in the clinical trial setting is poorly understood and alleged to be driven by statistical confounds, and its biological underpinnings are questioned. Here we identified and validated that clinical placebo response is predictable from resting-state functional magnetic-resonance-imaging (fMRI) brain connectivity. This also led to discovering a brain region predicting active drug response and demonstrating the adverse effect of active drug interfering with placebo analgesia. Chronic knee osteoarthritis (OA) pain patients (<i>n</i> = 56) underwent pretreatment brain scans in two clinical trials. Study 1 (<i>n</i> = 17) was a 2-wk single-blinded placebo pill trial. Study 2 (<i>n</i> = 39) was a 3-mo double-blinded randomized trial comparing placebo pill to duloxetine. Study 3, which was conducted in additional knee OA pain patients (<i>n</i> = 42), was observational. fMRI-derived brain connectivity maps in study 1 were contrasted between placebo responders and nonresponders and compared to healthy controls (<i>n</i> = 20). Study 2 validated the primary biomarker and identified a brain region predicting drug response. In both studies, approximately half of the participants exhibited analgesia with placebo treatment. In study 1, right midfrontal gyrus connectivity best identified placebo responders. In study 2, the same measure identified placebo responders (95% correct) and predicted the magnitude of placebo’s effectiveness. By subtracting away linearly modeled placebo analgesia from duloxetine response, we uncovered in 6/19 participants a tendency of duloxetine enhancing predicted placebo response, while in another 6/19, we uncovered a tendency for duloxetine to diminish it. Moreover, the approach led to discovering that right parahippocampus gyrus connectivity predicts drug analgesia after correcting for modeled placebo-related analgesia. Our evidence is consistent with clinical placebo response having biological underpinnings and shows that the method can also reveal that active treatment in some patients diminishes modeled placebo-related analgesia.</p><p><b>Trial Registration</b> ClinicalTrials.gov <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT02903238" target="_blank">NCT02903238</a></p><p>ClinicalTrials.gov <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01558700" target="_blank">NCT01558700</a></p></div