Compreendendo a educação inclusiva

A monografia objetiva mostrar como está sendo processada a inclusão de crianças com necessidades educacionais especiais, no Sistema de Público de Ensino do Distrito Federal. Enfoca também, as Políticas públicas estabelecidas para tal fim e analisando como elas estão sendo incorporadas pelas comunidades escolares pertinentes à rede Oficial. A escola pública deve estar consciente do seu papel de desenvolvimento da educação como ação participativa, integradora da família, da comunidade, na conquista da esperança de se produzir educação para a vida, como meio de projeção e crescimento humano, de transformação dessa realidade de ruptura, de fragmentação e desagregação. Visa ainda mostrar que a importância desse estudo decorre do fato de que ele poderá contribuir para levar a informação do processo de inclusão diagnosticado para outros leitores e, quem sabe, possa ele servir de base para o desenvolvimento de vivências processuais diversas

ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE HORMÔNIO ANTI-MÜLLERIANO E POPULAÇÃO FOLICULAR OVARIANA: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) has gained increasing interest as a biomarker of ovarian follicular reserve. Therefore, the present study aims to present a systematic review of recent findings related to AMH, with emphasis on its role as a biomarker of ovarian follicular reserve in different domestic species. For that, searches were carried out in databases of scientific electronic libraries, in search of articles that addressed the present theme. The studies found were analyzed and submitted to inclusion and exclusion criteria that allowed the selection of those that met the objectives of the present study. In total, 69 publications were found. Of these, 15 met the established criteria and were used as the basis for this study. The results of this systematic review demonstrate that the measurement of serum levels of AMH in association with the population of antral follicles (FPA) is a promising parameter to estimate the reproductive potential of different domestic females. However, due to the lack of validation in large herds and the absence of reliable predictive values for each species, the potential of AMH is still underutilized.La hormona antimülleriana (AMH) ha ganado un interés creciente como biomarcador de la reserva folicular ovárica. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo presentar una revisión sistemática de los hallazgos recientes relacionados con la AMH, con énfasis en su papel como biomarcador de la reserva folicular ovárica en diferentes especies domésticas. Para eso, se realizaron búsquedas en bases de datos de bibliotecas científicas electrónicas, en busca de artículos que abordaran la presente temática. Los estudios encontrados fueron analizados y sometidos a criterios de inclusión y exclusión que permitieron seleccionar aquellos que cumplieron con los objetivos del presente estudio. En total, se encontraron 69 publicaciones. De estos, 15 cumplieron con los criterios establecidos y se utilizaron como base para este estudio. Los resultados de esta revisión sistemática demuestran que la medición de los niveles séricos de AMH en asociación con la población de folículos antrales (FPA) es un parámetro prometedor para estimar el potencial reproductivo de diferentes hembras domésticas. Sin embargo, debido a la falta de validación en grandes manadas y la ausencia de valores predictivos confiables para cada especie, el potencial de AMH aún está infrautilizado.O hormônio Anti-Mülleriano (AMH) tem ganhado interesse crescente como um biomarcador da reserva folicular ovariana. Portanto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar uma revisão sistemática sobre os achados recentes relacionados ao AMH, com ênfase no seu papel como biomarcador da reserva folicular ovariana em diferentes espécies domésticas. Para tanto, foram realizadas pesquisas em bases de dados de bibliotecas eletrônicas científicas, em busca de artigos que abordassem a presente temática. Os estudos encontrados foram analisados e submetidos a critérios de inclusão e exclusão que permitiram realizar a seleção daqueles que atendiam aos objetivos do presente estudo. No total, foram encontradas 69 publicações. Destas, 15 estavam de acordo com os critérios estabelecidos e foram utilizadas para o embasamento deste estudo. Os resultados desta revisão sistemática demonstram que a dosagem dos níveis séricos de AMH em associação com a população de folículos antrais (PFA) constitui um parâmetro promissor para estimar o potencial reprodutivo de diferentes fêmeas domésticas. Entretanto, devido à falta de validação em grandes rebanhos e ausência de valores preditivos confiáveis para cada espécie, o potencial do AMH ainda é subutilizado

Control of Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium intracellulare infections with respect to distinct granuloma formations in livers of BALB/c mice

Mycobacterium fortuitum is a rapidly growing nontuberculous Mycobacterium that can cause a range of diseases in humans. Complications from M. fortuitum infection have been associated with numerous surgical procedures. A protective immune response against pathogenic mycobacterial infections is dependent on the granuloma formation. Within the granuloma, the macrophage effector response can inhibit bacterial replication and mediate the intracellular killing of bacteria. The granulomatous responses of BALB/c mice to rapidly and slowly growing mycobacteria were assessed in vivo and the bacterial loads in spleens and livers from M. fortuitum and Mycobacterium intracellulare-infected mice, as well as the number and size of granulomas in liver sections, were quantified. Bacterial loads were found to be approximately two times lower in M. fortuitum-infected mice than in M. intracellulare-infected mice and M. fortuitum-infected mice presented fewer granulomas compared to M. intracellulare-infected mice. These granulomas were characterized by the presence of Mac-1+ and CD4+ cells. Additionally, IFN-γmRNA expression was higher in the livers of M. fortuitum-infected mice than in those of M. intracellulare-infected mice. These data clearly show that mice are more capable of controlling an infection with M. fortuitum than M. intracellulare. This capacity is likely related to distinct granuloma formations in mice infected with M. fortuitum but not with M. intracellulare

Estudo comparativo da interação de Mycobacterium intracellulare avirulenta e virulenta com macrófagos murinos da linhagem J774

Submitted by Repositório Arca ([email protected]) on 2019-07-17T17:05:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2019-07-18T13:28:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tania Regina Marques da Silva Estudo ...2001.pdf: 2294149 bytes, checksum: 856d34915b1dbe0a6cf8559ab415aba3 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-07-18T13:28:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tania Regina Marques da Silva Estudo ...2001.pdf: 2294149 bytes, checksum: 856d34915b1dbe0a6cf8559ab415aba3 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001Projeto CNPq n° 52063/96-3 e Bolsa de estudos da CAPES de 1999 a 2001.Universidade Federal da Bahia. Faculdade de Medicina. Salvador, BA, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil.Mycobacterium sp é um microrganismo intracelular facultativo que vive em macrófagos no interior de fagossomas que restringem a fusão com lisossomas da célula hospedeira. Recentemente foi demonstrado que micobactéria patogênica reside em vacúolos não acidificados. Células J774 pré-ativadas ou não com IFN-y foram infectadas com M intracellulare avirulenta ou virulenta na proporção de lO bacilos por célula. A virulência dos bacilos foi determinada pelas características morfológicas das colônias. Neste trabalho nós avaliamos, comparativamente, a produção de NO pelas células e a viabilidade intracelular dos bacilos. Micobactérias avirulentas induziram maior produção de NO, em comparação com as virulentas. A viabilidade intracelular dos bacilos avirulentos diminuiu pelo tratamento das células com IFN-y e foi revertida pela adição de AMG, um inibidor da iNOS. A viabilidade da variante virulenta não foi alterada pelo tratamento com IFN-y ou IFN-y e AMG. Estudos em microscopia eletrônica foram realizados para avaliar a capacidade de fagossomas fusionarem com lisossomas marcados com partículas de Au-BSA. Vinte e quatro horas após a infecção, 77% de fagossomas contendo micobactéria avirulenta fusionaram com lisossomas, em contraste com 50% de fagossomas contendo micobactéria virulenta. A fusão de fagossomas com lisossomas aumentou com o tratamento por IFN-y, enquanto que a adição de AMG provocou a redução da fusão de fagossomas formados por micobactéria avirulenta ou virulenta com lisossomas. Demonstramos que a produção de NO é dependente da virulência das micobactérias e que o NO favorece a fusão de fagossomas com lisossomas e diminui a viabilidade dos bacilos.Mycohacierium sp is a facultative intracellular microrganism that lives in macrophages inside phagosomes that restrict fusion with host cell lysosomes. Recently it has been shown that pathogenic Mycobacteria live in nonacified vacuoles. Cells pre-activated or not with IFN-y were infected with 10 bacilli per cell. Bacili isolated from infected C57BL/6 mice were grown in agar medium and virulence was determined by colony features. We determined the capacity of NO production by J774 cell line with avirulent or virulent mycobacteria and bacilli viability. Avirulent mycobacteria induced a higher NO production in comparison with virulent mycobacteria. The mycobacterium viability was reduced by IFN-y. This effect was blocked by AMG treatment. Electron microscopy studies were performed to evaluate the capacity of phagosomes to fuse with lysosomes labeled with BSA-colloidal gold particles. In 24h of infection 77% of phagosomes-containing avirulent M. intracellulare fused with lysosomes in contrast with 50% of phagosomes-containing virulent bacili. In J774 cells phagosome fusion with lysosomes was enhanced by IFN-y treatment. When cells were treated with IFN-y and AMG, there was a reduction of fusion of phagosome induced by avirulent ou virulent mycobacteria with lysosomes and lack of bacilum viability. This data sugests that NO can be important in the fusion of fagosomes with lysosomes. NO production depends on micobacteria virulence, and NO can induce lack of bacilum viability

Infection and Immunity

Texto completo: acesso restrito. p. 5628-5634The virulence of different isolates of Mycobacterium has been associated with two morphologically distinguishable colonial variants: opaque (SmOp) and transparent (SmTr). In this report we used an in vitro assay to compare macrophage (Mφ) responses to SmOp and SmTr Mycobacterium fortuitum variants, taking advantage of the fact that these variants were derived from the same isolate. Cells preactivated or not with gamma interferon (IFN-γ) were infected with SmOp or SmTr M. fortuitum. We showed that SmOp and SmTr induced different levels of nitric oxide (NO) production by IFN-γ-stimulated Mφ. Indeed, the amount of IFN-γ-induced NO production by J774 cells was 4.8 to 9.0 times higher by SmOp (23.1 to 37.7 μM) compared to SmTr infection (3.9 to 4.8 μM) (P = 0.0332), indicating that virulent SmTr bacilli restricted NO production. In addition, IFN-γ-induced NO production by Mφ was higher when correlated with reduction of only avirulent SmOp bacillus viability. SNAP (S-nitroso-N-acetyl-dl-penicillamine) -induced NO production did not modify SmTr viability, indicating its resistance to nitrogen radicals. Electron microscopy studies were performed to evaluate the capacity of phagosomes to fuse with lysosomes labeled with bovine serum albumin-colloidal gold particles. By 24 h postinfection, 69% more phagosome-containing SmOp variant had fused with lysosomes compared to the SmTr-induced phagosomes. In conclusion, these data indicate that virulent SmTr bacilli may escape host defense by restricting IFN-γ-induced NO production, resisting nitrogen toxic radicals, and limiting phagosome fusion with lysosomes

Virulent Mycobacterium fortuitum Restricts NO Production by a Gamma Interferon-Activated J774 Cell Line and Phagosome-Lysosome Fusion

The virulence of different isolates of Mycobacterium has been associated with two morphologically distinguishable colonial variants: opaque (SmOp) and transparent (SmTr). In this report we used an in vitro assay to compare macrophage (Mφ) responses to SmOp and SmTr Mycobacterium fortuitum variants, taking advantage of the fact that these variants were derived from the same isolate. Cells preactivated or not with gamma interferon (IFN-γ) were infected with SmOp or SmTr M. fortuitum. We showed that SmOp and SmTr induced different levels of nitric oxide (NO) production by IFN-γ-stimulated Mφ. Indeed, the amount of IFN-γ-induced NO production by J774 cells was 4.8 to 9.0 times higher by SmOp (23.1 to 37.7 μM) compared to SmTr infection (3.9 to 4.8 μM) (P = 0.0332), indicating that virulent SmTr bacilli restricted NO production. In addition, IFN-γ-induced NO production by Mφ was higher when correlated with reduction of only avirulent SmOp bacillus viability. SNAP (S-nitroso-N-acetyl-dl-penicillamine)-induced NO production did not modify SmTr viability, indicating its resistance to nitrogen radicals. Electron microscopy studies were performed to evaluate the capacity of phagosomes to fuse with lysosomes labeled with bovine serum albumin-colloidal gold particles. By 24 h postinfection, 69% more phagosome-containing SmOp variant had fused with lysosomes compared to the SmTr-induced phagosomes. In conclusion, these data indicate that virulent SmTr bacilli may escape host defense by restricting IFN-γ-induced NO production, resisting nitrogen toxic radicals, and limiting phagosome fusion with lysosomes

Control of Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium intracellulare infections with respect to distinct granuloma formations in livers of BALB/c mice

Mycobacterium fortuitum is a rapidly growing nontuberculous Mycobacterium that can cause a range of diseases in humans. Complications from M. fortuitum infection have been associated with numerous surgical procedures. A protective immune response against pathogenic mycobacterial infections is dependent on the granuloma formation. Within the granuloma, the macrophage effector response can inhibit bacterial replication and mediate the intracellular killing of bacteria. The granulomatous responses of BALB/c mice to rapidly and slowly growing mycobacteria were assessed in vivo and the bacterial loads in spleens and livers from M. fortuitum and Mycobacterium intracellulare -infected mice, as well as the number and size of granulomas in liver sections, were quantified. Bacterial loads were found to be approximately two times lower in M. fortuitum -infected mice than in M. intracellulare-infected mice and M. fortuitum -infected mice presented fewer granulomas compared to M. intracellulare-infected mice. These granulomas were characterized by the presence of Mac-1+ and CD4+ cells. Additionally, IFN-γmRNA expression was higher in the livers of M. fortuitum -infected mice than in those of M. intracellulare-infected mice. These data clearly show that mice are more capable of controlling an infection with M. fortuitum than M. intracellulare. This capacity is likely related to distinct granuloma formations in mice infected with M. fortuitum but not with M. intracellulare

Control of Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium intracellulare infections with respect to distinct granuloma formations in livers of BALB/c mice

Mycobacterium fortuitum is a rapidly growing nontuberculous Mycobacterium that can cause a range of diseases in humans. Complications from M. fortuitum infection have been associated with numerous surgical procedures. A protective immune response against pathogenic mycobacterial infections is dependent on the granuloma formation. Within the granuloma, the macrophage effector response can inhibit bacterial replication and mediate the intracellular killing of bacteria. The granulomatous responses of BALB/c mice to rapidly and slowly growing mycobacteria were assessed in vivo and the bacterial loads in spleens and livers from M. fortuitum and Mycobacterium intracellulare-infected mice, as well as the number and size of granulomas in liver sections, were quantified. Bacterial loads were found to be approximately two times lower in M. fortuitum-infected mice than in M. intracellulare-infected mice and M. fortuitum-infected mice presented fewer granulomas compared to M. intracellulare-infected mice. These granulomas were characterized by the presence of Mac-1+ and CD4+ cells. Additionally, IFN-γmRNA expression was higher in the livers of M. fortuitum-infected mice than in those of M. intracellulare-infected mice. These data clearly show that mice are more capable of controlling an infection with M. fortuitum than M. intracellulare. This capacity is likely related to distinct granuloma formations in mice infected with M. fortuitum but not with M. intracellulare