Mikro-RNS-expresszio vizsgalata adenoid cysticus emlo- es nyalmirigy-carcinomakban

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a salivary gland-derived malignant tumor, but rarely it can originate from the breast, too. The salivary gland-derived form shows a very aggressive clinical outcome, while adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast has mostly a very good prognosis. Aim: The aim of the authors was to compare the miRNA-expression profile of breast- and salivary gland-derived cases. Method: The miRNA-profiles of two salivary gland derived and two breast-derived adenoid cystic carcinoma tissues as well as one normal breast and one salivary gland tissues were analysed using the Affymetrix(R) Gene Chip. Results: The expression of some miRNAs differed in the tumor tissues compared to their controls: the let-7b was overexpressed in salivary gland-derived adenoid cystic carcinoma, while decreased in breast-derived adenoid cystic carcinoma. In addition, the miR-24 was decreased in salivary gland-derived but overexpressed in breast-derived adenoid cystic carcinomas. The miR-181a-2* was only detected in salivary gland-derived adenoid cystic carcinomas. Conclusions: Through post-transcriptional regulation of the genes, the diverse expression of some miRNAs may partially explain the diverse clinical outcome of salivary gland-derived and breast-derived adenoid cystic carcinomas. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 963-968. | Az adenoid cysticus carcinoma a nyálmirigyeket érintő rosszindulatú daganat, ritkán azonban az emlő mirigyeiből is kiindulhat. A nyálmirigyből kiinduló forma nagyon agresszív kimenetelt mutat, az emlőmirigy adenoid cysticus tumora azonban általában igen kedvező prognózissal bír. Célkitűzés: A szerzők célul tűzték ki az emlőmirigyből és nyálmirigyből kiinduló adenoid cysticus carcinoma esetek miRNS-mintázatának összehasonlítását. Módszer: Két-két, emlőből és nyálmirigyből származó adenoid cysticus carcinoma és egy-egy normális emlő- és nyálmirigyszövetet vizsgáltak. A miRNS-profi lt Affymetrix® Gene Chip segítségével határozták meg. Eredmények: Egyes miRNS-ek expressziója emlő- és nyálmirigy-eredetű tumorokban eltért a normális kontrolljukhoz képest: a let-7b expressziója a nyálmirigy-eredetű tumorokban fokozott, míg emlőmirigyből származó adenoid cysticus carcinoma szövetekben csökkent volt, a miR-24 expressziója pedig ezzel ellentétesen változott: emlőeredetű adenoid cysticus carcinoma szövetekben emelkedést mutatott, míg a nyálmirigy tumoraiban csökkent mértékben expresszálódott. A miR-181a-2* kizárólag a nyálmirigy-eredetű adenoid cysticus carcinoma esetekben volt detek tálható. Következtetések: A gének poszttranszkripcionális szabályozása révén egyes miRNS-ek eltérő expressziója részleges magyarázatot adhat a két szerv adenoid cysticus tumorainak eltérő klinikai lefolyására

Cu-doped resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) polymer and carbon aerogels

International audienceIntroduction of transition metal salt(s) onto the surface of porous carbons may increase the selectivity and/or efficiency of these adsorbents in catalysis or separation. Carbon aerogels with low pressure drop are particularly suited for these applications. Moreover the sol-gel process used in the synthesis of the resorcinol-formaldehyde polymer gel (RF) precursors offers an extra opportunity for introducing metal ions. Salts of different metals modify both the macroscopic texture and the porosity, depending on the synthesis protocol. In this paper we show, by means of low temperature nitrogen adsorption measurements and SEM, as well as small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS), how the addition of copper acetate at three different stages influences not only the specific surface area but also the resulting overall structure over a wide range of length scales. Post-treatment in either the polymer or the carbon aerogel stage provides a means of adjusting the copper content. While the Cu-containing carbon aerogels differ mainly in their micropore volume but not in the width of the distribution, their pore size window in the mesopore range can be tuned between 50 and 400 Å by the protocol of Cu addition. The synthesis protocol also determines the chemical form of the copper

Morphological Characterization of Oxidized and Metal Impregnated Spherical Carbons

International audienceThe surface of microporous spherical carbon (S_BET = 1457m2/g, pH = 7.9) was modified by nitric acid treatment and by Cu+, Cu2+ and Sn2+ salt impregnation. The morphology and the surface properties of the samples were characterized by SEM/EDS, low temperature nitrogen adsorption and small angle X-ray scattering. The surface chemistry of the samples was investigated under wet conditions. Oxidation by nitric acid changed the pH to 3.4 and slightly reduced the accessible porosity, but not the morphology or the Cu2+ adsorption capacity. Surface chemistry, morphology and the species of the anion and of the metal were found to influence the result of the impregnation. The most remarkable change occurred in the pore size range < 14 Å due to pore blocking. This effect was a linear function of Cu2+ loading below the saturation capacity. When SnCl2 was used instead of Cu2+ salts in aqueous phase, a redox reaction seemed to take place, resulting in greater surface roughness. Metal ions were not detected on the surface of the particles. Treatment with solid CuCl produced a practically complete CuCl film on the surface of the particles and metallic copper was formed as a by-product

The C-terminal HRET sequence of Kv1.3 regulates gating rather than targeting of Kv1.3 to the plasma membrane

Kv1.3 channels are expressed in several cell types including immune cells, such as T lymphocytes. Thetargeting of Kv1.3 to the plasma membrane is essential for T cell clonal expansion and assumed to beguided by the C-terminus of the channel. Using two point mutants of Kv1.3 with remarkably diferentfeatures compared to the wild-type Kv1.3 (A413V and H399K having fast inactivation kinetics andtetraethylammonium-insensitivity, respectively) we showed that both Kv1.3 channel variants targetto the membrane when the C-terminus was truncated right after the conserved HRET sequence andproduce currents identical to those with a full-length C-terminus. The truncation before the HRETsequence (NOHRET channels) resulted in reduced membrane-targeting but non-functional phenotypes.NOHRET channels did not display gating currents, and coexpression with wild-type Kv1.3 did not rescuethe NOHRET-A413V phenotype, no heteromeric current was observed. Interestingly, mutants of wildtypeKv1.3 lacking HRET(E) (deletion) or substituted with fve alanines for the HRET(E) motif expressedcurrent indistinguishable from the wild-type. These results demonstrate that the C-terminal region ofKv1.3 immediately proximal to the S6 helix is required for the activation gating and conduction, whereasthe presence of the distal region of the C-terminus is not exclusively required for trafcking of Kv1.3 tothe plasma membrane

The anti-proliferative effect of cation channel blockers in T lymphocytes depends on the strength of mitogenic stimulation.

Ion channels are crucially important for the activation and proliferation of T lymphocytes, and thus, for the function of the immune system. Previous studies on the effects of channel blockers on T cell proliferation reported variable effectiveness due to differing experimental systems. Therefore our aim was to investigate how the strength of the mitogenic stimulation influences the efficiency of cation channel blockers in inhibiting activation, cytokine secretion and proliferation of T cells under standardized conditions. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were activated via monoclonal antibodies targeting the TCR-CD3 complex and the co-stimulator CD28. We applied the blockers of Kv1.3 (Anuroctoxin), KCa3.1 (TRAM-34) and CRAC (2-Apb) channels of T cells either alone or in combination with rapamycin, the inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Five days after the stimulation ELISA and flow cytometric measurements were performed to determine IL-10 and IFN-γ secretion, cellular viability and proliferation. Our results showed that ion channel blockers and rapamycin inhibit IL-10 and IFN-γ secretion and cell division in a dose-dependent manner. Simultaneous application of the blockers for each channel along with rapamycin was the most effective, indicating synergy among the various activation pathways. Upon increasing the extent of mitogenic stimulation the anti-proliferative effect of the ion channel blockers diminished. This phenomenon may be important in understanding the fine-tuning of T cell activation

Molecular Treatment of Nano-Kaolinite Generations

A procedure is developed for defining a compositionally and structurally realistic, atomic-scale description of exfoliated clay nanoparticles from the kaolinite family of phylloaluminosilicates. By use of coordination chemical principles, chemical environments within a nanoparticle can be separated into inner, outer, and peripheral spheres. The edges of the molecular models of nanoparticles were protonated in a validated manner to achieve charge neutrality. Structural optimizations using semiempirical methods (NDDO Hamiltonians and DFTB formalism) and ab initio density functionals with a saturated basis set revealed previously overlooked molecular origins of morphological changes as a result of exfoliation. While the use of semiempirical methods is desirable for the treatment of nanoparticles composed of tens of thousands of atoms, the structural accuracy is rather modest in comparison to DFT methods. We report a comparative survey of our infrared data for untreated crystalline and various exfoliated states of kaolinite and halloysite. Given the limited availability of experimental techniques for providing direct structural information about nano-kaolinite, the vibrational spectra can be considered as an essential tool for validating structural models. The comparison of experimental and calculated stretching and bending frequencies further justified the use of the preferred level of theory. Overall, an optimal molecular model of the defect-free, ideal nano-kaolinite can be composed with respect to stationary structure and curvature of the potential energy surface using the PW91/SVP level of theory with empirical dispersion correction (PW91+D) and polarizable continuum solvation model (PCM) without the need for a scaled quantum chemical force field. This validated theoretical approach is essential in order to follow the formation of exfoliated clays and their surface reactivity that is experimentally unattainable

Respiratory gating algorithm helps to reconstruct more accurate electroanatomical maps during atrial fibrillation ablation performed under spontaneous respiration

Purpose Electroanatomical mapping is a useful tool during the ablation of atrial fibrillation. Respiratory movement might influence the mapping accuracy and merging. This study aims to investigate the effect of respiratory gating on the accuracy of magnetic-field-based electroanatomical mapping under spontaneous respiration