138 research outputs found
FöderatĂv elmĂ©letek Ă©s közĂ©p-kelet-eurĂłpai megvalĂłsĂtĂĄsi kĂsĂ©rletek = Federative Concepts and Central European Experiments
KutatĂĄsaink cĂ©lkitƱzĂ©se az volt, hogy a mĂșlt elmĂ©leti Ă©s gyakorlati tapasztalatainak figyelembevĂ©telĂ©vel egy ĂĄltalunk kidolgozott koncepcionĂĄlis keretbe ĂĄgyazva megvizsgĂĄljuk a föderalizmus lehetĆsĂ©geit Ă©s esĂ©lyeit az EurĂłpai UniĂłban, illetve bukĂĄsĂĄnak okait CsehszlovĂĄkiĂĄban Ă©s JugoszlĂĄviĂĄban. Ennek megfelelĆen fontosnak tartottuk a föderalizmus Ă©s a hozzĂĄ kapcsolĂłdĂł fogalmak tisztĂĄzĂĄsĂĄt, megjelenĂ©sĂ©nek elemzĂ©sĂ©t a politikai gondolkodĂĄs törtĂ©netĂ©ben, az EU politikai jövĆjĂ©vel kapcsolatos ilyen irĂĄnyĂș vitĂĄk Ă©s tervek ismertetĂ©sĂ©t, valamint a sikertelensĂ©g okainak elemzĂ©sĂ©t az emlĂtett kĂ©t közĂ©p-kelet-eurĂłpai orszĂĄgban. CsehszlovĂĄkia föderĂĄlis ĂĄllamformĂĄt az 1968-as PrĂĄgai Tavasz vĂvmĂĄnyakĂ©nt, 1969. januĂĄr 1-tĆl kapott. Olyan aszimmetrikus modellre Ă©pĂŒlt, amelyben a köztĂĄrsasĂĄgi szervek csak a szlovĂĄk oldalon vĂĄltak teljessĂ©, a cseh köztĂĄrsasĂĄgi szinten fölösleges formĂĄkkĂ©nt ĂŒrĂŒltek ki. A föderĂĄciĂł autentikussĂĄ tĂ©telĂ©nek alkotmĂĄnyos kĂsĂ©rlete a rendszervĂĄltĂĄs idejĂ©n sikertelennek bizonyult. A dĂ©lszlĂĄv terĂŒleten a kutatĂĄs az 1945-ig terjedĆ idĆszakban az elmĂ©leti megfontolĂĄsokra Ă©s a megfogalmazott követelĂ©sekre összepontosĂt, hiszen gyakorlati politikĂĄra kĂ©t kivĂ©teltĆl eltekintve ekkor nem volt lehetĆsĂ©g. Az 1945-tĆl 1991-ig terjedĆ rĂ©sz elemzi mind az elmĂ©leti vitĂĄkat, mind a politikai törekvĂ©seket, valamint kĂŒlön hangsĂșlyt fektet az alkotmĂĄny vitĂĄkra. VĂ©gĂŒl az önĂĄllĂłvĂĄ vĂĄlt köztĂĄrsasĂĄgok belsĆ (BiH, SCG) Ă©s kĂŒlsĆ (EU) föderĂĄciĂłs tapasztalatait vizsgĂĄlja. | The aim of our researches was to analyse the possibilities of federalism in the European Union, and to examine the reasons of failure in Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, taking the past's theoretical and practical experience into consideration and placing it into a conception frame having been worked out by us. According to it, we found it important to make federalism and the connected definitions clear, to analyse its appearance in the history of political way of thinking, to set forth connecting debates and plans concerning the European Union's political future and to examine the reasons of the failure in the already-mentioned two Central Eastern European countries. Czechoslovakia acquired the federal form of state on the first of January 1969 as an achievement of the 1968 Spring of Prague Revolution. It was based on an asymmetrical system in which the republic organs became complete only on the Slovakian side while having become needless on the Czech republic level. The constitutional attempt to make federalism authentic proved to be unsuccessful in the period of the change of regime. In the South-Slavic area, the research concerning the period up until 1945, focuses on theoretical conceptions and specific demands since except for two exceptions, there was no chance for practical politics back then. The part, which deals with the 1945-1991 era, analyses the theoretical debates as well as the political efforts, putting special emphasis on the constitutional panels. Finally, it examines the inner (BIH, SCG) and the external (EU) federal experience of the republics which have become independent
DohĂĄnylevelek objektĂv ĂĄtvĂ©tele szĂn szerint
Die Verfasser nahmen â zwecks objektive Einordnung von TabakblĂ€tternin Farbenklassen â Messungen mit Lovibond Tintometer, Pulfrich Refraktometer, Spekol Photometer und âTabak-Refraktometerâ vor. Das letztere GerĂ€t wurde in Zentralen Forschungsinstitut fĂŒr Lebensmittelindustrie konstruiert. Aufgrund der Messungsergebnisse wurde das Mass der Streuung zwischen den BlĂ€tterproben und innerhalb der BlĂ€tter festgestellt, der Einfluss der BlĂ€tterstĂ€rke auf die Abweichungen zwischen den Reflexionswerten, wie auch die zur Einreihung in Farbenklassen notwendige Anzahl von Proben. Die Verfasser empfehlen aufgrund der statistischen Aufarbeitung der Messergebnisse Grenzwerte fĂŒr die verschiedenen objektiven Farbenkiassen, welche sich nach DurchfĂŒhrung der Korrektion nach Jahrgang und Region fĂŒr die eindeutige Qualifizierung eignen. In order to classify tobacco leaves into objective colour classes measurements were made with a Lovibond Tintometer, a Pulfrich refractometer, a Spekol photometer and a âtobacco-refractometerâ instrument which latter has been constructed in the Central Research Institute for Food Industry. On the basis of the data of measurements the scattering of the data of tobacco leaf samples and the scattering within the same leaf, the effect of leaf thickness on the deviations between measured reflectance values, and the number of samples required for the classification into the various âcolour classesâ were established. Based on the statistical evaluation of the measured data, limit values are suggested for the classification into objective colour groups. Subsequent to a correction for seasons and culture regions, these values are suitable for an unequivocal evaluation. Afin de classifier les feuilles de tabac dans des catĂ©gories objectives de Couleur, les auteurs ont effectuĂ© des mesures au tintomĂ©tre Lovibond, au refractomĂ©tre Pulfrich, au photomĂ©tre Spekol et au «refractomĂ©tre de tabac». Ce dernier a Ă©tĂ© construit Ă€ lâInstitut Central de Recherches des Industries Alimentaires. A partir des rĂ©sultats de mesure on a Ă©tabli les taux des dĂ©viations standardes entre les Ă©chantillons de feuilles ainsi que dans une population de feuilles, lâeffet de lâĂ©paisseur des feuilles sur les diffĂ©rences entre les valeurs de rĂ©flĂ©xion et le nombre des Ă©chantillons nĂ©cessaires Ă€ Ă©ffectuer la classification dans des catĂ©gories de couleur. A la base de lâĂ©valuation statistique ils proposent des valeurs limites pour la sĂ©paration selon catĂ©gories de couleur, qui se prĂ©tent, apres des corrections selon campagnes et rĂ©gions, Ă€ une qualification univoque
A hatĂłsĂĄgi Ă©lelmiszerellenĆrzĆ hĂĄlĂłzat fejlesztĂ©se Ă©s bĆvĂtĂ©se
Die Verfasser behandeln die Frage der VerstĂ€rkung und Modernisierung der behördlichen Lebensmittelkontrolle. Sie legen die BeweggrĂŒnde dar, welche die Erweiterung und VerschĂ€rfung der KontrolltĂ€tigkeit motivieren. Aufgrund der Analyse der gegenwĂ€rtigen Lage auf dem Gebiete der Ăberwachung machen sie VorschlĂ€ge zur Modernisierung, bzw. ErweiterungdesKontrolInetzes. Neben Festlegung der technischen-materiellen-personellen Bedingungen der Entwicklung befassen sie sich auch mit â die Wirksamkeit und das Niveau der behördlichen Lebensmittelkontrolle steigernden â methodischen Problemen. The authors deal with the problems of enhancing and updating the official food quality control. The motivation of extending and strictening the control is given. The analysis of the present situation of the control system permits suggestions as to its updating and extension. Apart from the technical, financial and personal conditions of development methodological problems increasing the efficiency and level of the official food quality control are dealt with. Les auteurs sâoccupent du problĂ©me de lâextension et de la modernisation du contröle administratif des denrĂ©es. IIs prĂ©sentent les motifs qui nĂ©cessitent lâextension et des mesures plus strictes du contrĂłle. Lâanalyse de la situation presente du rĂ©seau de contrĂłle les induit Ă€ faire des propositions quant Ă€ la modernisation et lâextension du rĂ©seau. A part de dĂ©terminer les conditions techniques, financielles et personnelies du dĂ©veloppement ils sâoccupent de problĂ©mes mĂ©thodologiques afin dâaugmenter lâefficacitĂ© et le niveau du contrĂłle administratif des denrĂ©es
InnovatĂv informĂĄciĂłtechnolĂłgiai eszközök hasznĂĄlata a Debreceni Egyetem sportszervezĆ kĂ©pzĂ©sĂ©ben = Use of innovative information and communication technologies in the sport manager course of the University of Debrecen
In the last two decades have seen a considerable dynamic and continuous development
of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in each area of life that have affected
the education sector as well. The potentials and advantages of education in ICT
environment have been realized and the development of an effective and motivating environment
in classrooms based on innovative ICT tools became an objective of education
policy. The innovative ICT tools highlight knowledge transfer in another perspective and
change considerably the environment of education.
The aim of this study on one hand is to introduce a âsmart classroomâ, which is configured in the University of Debrecen as a unique initiation in higher education. The âsmart classroomâ, next to the interactive board, is installed with tablets and an interactive table to help the education which is based interactions in small groups and new approaches. On the other hand, the goal is to demonstrate the utilization possibilities of the innovative solutions of the "smart classroom" in sport management education
InnovatĂv informĂĄciĂłtechnolĂłgiai eszközök hasznĂĄlata a Debreceni Egyetem sportszervezĆ kĂ©pzĂ©sĂ©ben = Use of innovative information and communication technologies in the sport manager course of the University of Debrecen
In the last two decades have seen a considerable dynamic and continuous development
of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in each area of life that have affected
the education sector as well. The potentials and advantages of education in ICT
environment have been realized and the development of an effective and motivating environment
in classrooms based on innovative ICT tools became an objective of education
policy. The innovative ICT tools highlight knowledge transfer in another perspective and
change considerably the environment of education.
The aim of this study on one hand is to introduce a âsmart classroomâ, which is configured in the University of Debrecen as a unique initiation in higher education. The âsmart classroomâ, next to the interactive board, is installed with tablets and an interactive table to help the education which is based interactions in small groups and new approaches. On the other hand, the goal is to demonstrate the utilization possibilities of the innovative solutions of the "smart classroom" in sport management education
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