Murányi, Eszter

Szilágyi, Gergely

Tótin, Ákos

Vincze, Éva

University of Debrecen Electronic Archive

The Effect Of Fertilization And Previous Cropping Of 
Sunflower On The Yield And The Values Of Spad Values Of 
Winter Wheat 
 
Gergely SZILÁGYI, Eszter MURÁNYI, Éva VINCZE, Ákos TÓTIN 
 
1University of Debrecen CAAES 
Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management 
Institute of Crop Sciences Debrecen, Hungary. 
 
Abstract 
 Our research was carried out in a long-term experiment, in two different growing seasonsafter sunflower 
previous cropping with control, N60+PK and N120+PK fertilizer treatments, with genotypes GK Csillag and Mv 
Csárdás. According to the results, in the examined seasons, significant differences in productivity were observed 
between the varieties. In the more favourable crop year of 2013/2014 - with similar agricultural techniques and 
fertilization -, a considerable increase were detected in the control treatment (+248.8 – 263.7 %), with N60+PK (185.7 
– 220.5 %) and with N120+PK (126.5 – 138.2 %) fertilizer treatments, compared to growing season 2012/2013. Based 
on the obtained data, due to fertilization and to the effect of the more favourable crop year, SPAD values were higher 
compared to those of growing season 2012/2013. 
 
Keywords: winte wheat, fertilization, crop rotation. yield, Spad 
 
Introduction 
  
One of our most important cereal crops is winter wheat. As per the data of the Central Statistics 
Office (2014), the average yield was 4.71 t ha-1, which was strongly affected by the favourable crop year. 
In our country, winter wheat is grown on approximately 1.1 M hectares, in changing conditions, which is 
determined primarily by, besides the crop rotation and the nutrient supply, the crop year and the standard 
of the available agricultural techniques. According to PEPÓ (2004), in the period between 1985 and 2003, 
the 57.7% loss of production in the average of the varieties was attributable to the direct and indirect 
unfavourable effect of the weather, while with optimal fertilizer treatments this loss could be significantly 
decreased. According to SÁRVÁRI (2009), wheat needs nitrogen, but is also sensitive to the phosphorus 
supply. The optimum amount of nitrogen was 50 kg/N/ha after pea and 100 kg/N/ha after corn previous 
cropping, with the given conditions. From among the physiological factors of plants, one of the most 
important ones is the chlorophyll content in the leaves. According to WOOD et al. (1993), the Minolta 
SPAD appliance is a small manual spectrometer that measures the adsorption of light (650 nm) on the 
surface of the leaf, which is a non-destructive gauge of the chlorophyll and nitrogen content of the plant. 
According to SZILÁGYI (2014), maximum SPAD value (42.8) was observed with N120+PK fertilizer 
treatment in lactic ripeness (BBCH 73-77), after sunflower previous cropping. Our data show significant 
differences between the varieties. FEKETE et al. (2014) found conformance between the yield and the 
SPAD values. Their results revealed that the SPAD values measured in May determined the yield the most. 
When the SPAD values were less than 45, the yield was maximum 5.5 ha-1. 
 
 
 
* Corresponding author. Gergely Szilágyi 
Tel: +36 (52) 508-444 / 88062 
e-mail: peszere@gmail.com 
 
 
Material and Method 
 
Our long-term experiment took place on the test farm of University of Debrecen CAAES Faculty of 
Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management Institute of Crop Sciences, on calcareous 
chernozem soil in growing seasons 2012/2013 and 2013/2014. We examined to different genotypes (GK 
Csillag, Mv Csárdás) after previous cropping of sunflower. The experiment were arranged in 4 replicates 
in split bands. 
 We examined three different nutrient level. Besides the control treatment we spread dosages of 
N=60 kg ha-1, P2O5=45 kg ha-1 and K2O=53 kg ha-1; N=120 kg ha-1, P2O5=90 kg ha-1 and K2O=106 kg ha-1. 
We spread the nitrogen in 50-50% autumn and spring split, and spread 100% of the phosphorus and 
potassium dosages in autumn. 
 
Table 1. Applied fertilizer doses (Debrecen, 2013) 
Fertilizer treatment 
N P2O5 K2O 
kg ha-1 
Control 0 0 0 
N60+PK 60 45 53 
N120+PK 120 90 106 
 
Based on our temperature and precipitation data, the two different growing seasons (2012/2013 – 
2013/2014) can be considered as favourable. According to our data, there was 480.2 mm rainfall in growing 
season 2012/2013, and 284 mm in growing season 2013/2014. However, during growing season 2013/2014 
the average temperature of January and February was mild compared to the average of the previous 30 
years, which resulted in the fast development of winter wheat at the beginning of the growing season. We 
made our measurements based on the BBCH-scale, during run-up (BBCH 30-37), flowering (BBCH 61-
69), lactic (BBCH 73-77) and grain ripening (BBCH 83-89).  
The acquired data had been averaged. The tested stands were harvested with Sampoo parcel combine 
harvester. SPAD results were defined with Minolta 502 appliance. Our results were analysed by Microsoft 
Excel programme. Our field results show the development of the yield and the SPAD values in the tested 
growing seasons. 
 
 
Results and Discussions 
 
Our field experiments show how the SPAD values and the yield changed, which is demonstrated in 
figure 1. According to our data, considerable differences occurred after sunflower previous cropping, which 
was primarily due to the effect of the crop year. Our results show that the average yield was significantly 
higher in growing season 2013/2014 than in growing season 2012/2013. The percental differences of the 
yield is demonstrated in table 2. During the examined growing seasons, variety GK Csillag reached a higher 
yield than variety Mv Csárdás did, in every combination of fertilizer treatments.  
In growing season 2012/2013, the difference between the two varieties changed in a small interval, 
however, Mv Csárdás produced higher yields in more favourable crop year conditions with control (0.70 t 
ha-1), N60+PK (1.94 t ha-1) and N120+PK (1.75 t ha-1) fertilizer treatments. 
 
 
Table 2. Percental differences of the yield between growing seasons 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 (Debrecen) 
Gk Csillag Mv Csárdás 
Control N60+PK N120+PK Control N60+PK N120+PK 
 +263.7  +185.7  +126.5  +248.7  +220.5  +138.1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Varieties (1) 
 
Figure 1. Chlorophyll content (SPAD values) and yield after sunflower previous cropping (Debrecen, 2012/2013-
2013/2014) 
 
Between SPAD values in growing season 2012/2013 a small difference was observed. As an effect 
of fertilization, SPAD values of the tested varieties were 9-10 units higher with N60+PK treatment 
compared to that with the control treatment. A Similar trend was detected between the N60+PK and N120+PK 
treatments. In the more favourable growing season 2013/2014, with the increased dosages of fertilizer 
treatments, SPAD values were more than 40. Maximum values were measured with N120+PK treatment 
with variety GK Csillag (48.3). The regression analysis of SPAD values indicated close correlation during 
the examination of the varieties (R2=0.9127-0.9794), while between the growing seasons only a slight 
difference was detected (figure 3). 
Table 3. Polynomial regression equations (Debrecen, 2013-2014) 
Genotypes 
GK Csillag Mv Csárdás 
SPAD (2013.year) 
y = -1.0066x2 + 5.0376x R² = 0.9715 y = 9.35x + 16.933 R² = 0.9794 
SPAD (2014.year) 
y = 11.2x + 16.7 R² = 0.9127  y = 11.55x + 14.3 R² = 0.9356 
 
 
Conclusion(s) 
  
Based on our research carried out in a long term experiment we have detected the strong effect of 
the crop year to the yield and its milder effect to the SPAD values. Our data prove research results of PEPÓ 
(2004). Our data confirm research results of SZILÁGYI (2014) and FEKETE et al. (2014). Our yield 
related results show that the choice of varieties has an essential role, since we measured a high 
yield ((+1.94 t ha-1) during the examination of the varieties. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
References 
 
[1] Fekete Á., Pósa B., Klupács B., Pálinkás L., Tarnawa Á., 2014, The effect of different N doses on the characteristics 
and SPAD values of winter wheat (Triticum Aestivum).  Növénytermelés 63.  115-118. 
[2] Pepó P., 2004, Az évjárat hatása az őszi búza termésmennyiségére tartamkísérletben. Növénytermelés. 53. 4. 339-
350. 
[3] Sárvári M., 2009, Hajdúböszörmény [In.: Az országos műtrágyázási tartamkísérletek (OMTK) kutatási 
eredményei (1967-2001) DEBRECZENI B.-né - NÉMETH T. (szerk.)] Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest. 164-168. 
[4] Szilágyi G., 2014, Effects of crop rotation and nutrient supply on the SPAD values of winter wheat. 
Növénytermelés 63. 79-82. 
[5] Wood C.W., Reeves D.W., Himelrick D.G., 1993, Relationships between chlorophyll meter readings and leaf 
chlorophyll concentration, N status, and crop yield: a review Proceedings of the Agronomy Society of New Zealand. 
23. 1–9. 
[6] http://www.ksh.hu/docs/hun/xstadat/xstadat_eves/i_omn012b.html 


The effect of fertilization and previous cropping of sunflower on the yield and the values of spad values of winter wheat

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The effect of fertilization and previous cropping of sunflower on the yield and the values of spad values of winter wheat

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