Headwater chemistry in subarctic areas with different plant communities (Finnish Lapland)

The study determines the differences in the chemistry of small headwater streams located in areas with different plant communities in Finnish Lapland. Water samples from 76 catchments with four different plant communities were collected and analyzed. The statistical analyses of water temperature, water specific electric conductivity and the concentration of main ions, revealed the greatest variation in ion concentrations related to rock weathering: Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3- in the studied catchments. Enrichment of water with these ions occurred in catchments representing forest communities with thick soils, especially in the boreal forest community. This suggests that future changes in the northern treeline may affect the surface water chemistry depending on the direction of changes. In case of the expansion of the treeline to the north due to climate warming, an increase in water mineralization and a shift of hydrochemical facies towards a Ca-Mg-HCO3-type can be expected. On the other hand, the regression of the northern treeline could be expected to result in a reduction of nutrient pools and leaching them into streams. Eventually, it could result in the depletion of soils and the dominance of atmosphere-derived ions in waters, and the hydrochemical facies will shift towards Na-Cl-type.Peer reviewe

Flower-visitor communities of an arcto-alpine plant — Global patterns in species richness, phylogenetic diversity and ecological functioning

Pollination is an ecosystem function of global importance. Yet, who visits the flower of specific plants, how the composition of these visitors varies in space and time and how such variation translates into pollination services are hard to establish. The use of DNA barcodes allows us to address ecological patterns involving thousands of taxa that are difficult to identify. To clarify the regional variation in the visitor community of a widespread flower resource, we compared the composition of the arthropod community visiting species in the genus Dryas (mountain avens, family Rosaceae), throughout Arctic and high‐alpine areas. At each of 15 sites, we sampled Dryas visitors with 100 sticky flower mimics and identified specimens to Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) using a partial sequence of the mitochondrial COI gene. As a measure of ecosystem functioning, we quantified variation in the seed set of Dryas. To test for an association between phylogenetic and functional diversity, we characterized the structure of local visitor communities with both taxonomic and phylogenetic descriptors. In total, we detected 1,360 different BINs, dominated by Diptera and Hymenoptera. The richness of visitors at each site appeared to be driven by local temperature and precipitation. Phylogeographic structure seemed reflective of geological history and mirrored trans‐Arctic patterns detected in plants. Seed set success varied widely among sites, with little variation attributable to pollinator species richness. This pattern suggests idiosyncratic associations, with function dominated by few and potentially different taxa at each site. Taken together, our findings illustrate the role of post‐glacial history in the assembly of flower‐visitor communities in the Arctic and offer insights for understanding how diversity translates into ecosystem functioning.</p

Hydroclimatic Controls on the Isotopic (δ18 O, δ2 H, d-excess) Traits of Pan-Arctic Summer Rainfall Events

Arctic sea-ice loss is emblematic of an amplified Arctic water cycle and has critical feedback implications for global climate. Stable isotopes (delta O-18, delta H-2, d-excess) are valuable tracers for constraining water cycle and climate processes through space and time. Yet, the paucity of well-resolved Arctic isotope data preclude an empirically derived understanding of the hydrologic changes occurring today, in the deep (geologic) past, and in the future. To address this knowledge gap, the Pan-Arctic Precipitation Isotope Network (PAPIN) was established in 2018 to coordinate precipitation sampling at 19 stations across key tundra, subarctic, maritime, and continental climate zones. Here, we present a first assessment of rainfall samples collected in summer 2018 (n = 281) and combine new isotope and meteorological data with sea ice observations, reanalysis data, and model simulations. Data collectively establish a summer Arctic Meteoric Water Line where delta H-2 = 7.6.delta O-18-1.8 (r(2) = 0.96, p 0.75 parts per thousand/degrees C) were observed at continental sites, while statistically significant temperature relations were generally absent at coastal stations. Model outputs indicate that 68% of the summer precipitating air masses were transported into the Arctic from mid-latitudes and were characterized by relatively high delta O-18 values. Yet 32% of precipitation events, characterized by lower delta O-18 and high d-excess values, derived from northerly air masses transported from the Arctic Ocean and/or its marginal seas, highlighting key emergent oceanic moisture sources as sea ice cover declines. Resolving these processes across broader spatial-temporal scales is an ongoing research priority, and will be key to quantifying the past, present, and future feedbacks of an amplified Arctic water cycle on the global climate system

Normi johtamisjärjestelmien teknisen dokumentaation tuottamiseen

Opinnäytetyön tavoite oli laatia normiasiakirja teknisen dokumentaation tuottamisesta ja sen vastuista puolustusvoimien johtamisjärjestelmäkeskuksessa. Normi rajataan käsittelemään teknistä johtamisjärjestelmä dokumentaatiota, eikä siinä oteta kantaa muuhun hallinnolliseen dokumentaatioon. Työ toteutettiin haastattelututkimuksena, joka osoitettiin laajasti PVJJK:n dokumentointiin osallistuville henkilöille. Samalla kerättiin kokoon kaikki PVJJK:n dokumentointia määrittävät voimassa olevat lait, PV:n käskyt, ohjeet ja normit. Kerätystä aineistosta laadittiin normi, jolla määritellään ja rajataan vastuut teknisen dokumentaation tuottamiseen. Normin on tarkoitus antaa vastuuhenkilölle työkalut järjestelmäkohtaisten dokumentointiohjeiden tekoon. Normi selkeyttää ja linjaa dokumentointitapaa, työkaluja sekä arkistointi kokonaisuutta, jotta dokumentaation laatiminen saadaan organisaatiossa yhtenäistettyä. Lopputuloksena on vaatimusten mukainen normi dokumentointiin. Normi selkeyttää vastuita ja sen avulla dokumentaation tuottamista on helpompi koordinoida. Normi helpottaa dokumentoijien työtä ja hyödyttää koko organisaation toimintaa. Organisaation tulee päivittää normia säännöllisesti tulevaisuudessa, järjestelmien sekä toimintatapojen muuttuessa. Toiminta normin kanssa tulee olla etupainotteista ja jatkuvaa.The purpose of the thesis was to draw a norm on producing technical documentation and responsibilities in producing them in C5 Agency in the Defence Forces. The study focuses on technical documentation and does not consider any other administrative documenta-tion. The research was performed by interviewing experts and it demonstrated people who involved documentation C5 Agency. At the same time collected existing laws, orders, guidelines and standards. The collected material forms a norm that defines and limits the responsibilities in the production of technical documentation. The purpose of the docu-ment is to provide the responsible person with tools to make the instructions in the documentation. This norm clarifies and aligns the documentation of the way, as well as archiving tools so as to enable preparation of documentation can be integrated in the organization. The result is a norm what regarding the production of technical documentation. Norm clarifies responsibilities and makes it easier to co-ordinate the production of documenta-tion. Norm facilitates the work of documentation specialists and will benefit the entire organization. The organization shall update the standard on a regular basis in the future when systems and working practices is changes. Operating with the norm must be front-loaded and continuous particular

Impacts of experimental warming and northern light climate on growth and root fungal communities of Scots pine populations

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Large-scale long-term passive-acoustic monitoring reveals spatio-temporal activity patterns of boreal bats

The distribution ranges and spatio-temporal patterns in the occurrence and activity of boreal bats are yet largely unknown due to their cryptic lifestyle and lack of suitable and efficient study methods. We approached the issue by establishing a permanent passive-acoustic sampling setup spanning the area of Finland to gain an understanding on how latitude affects bat species composition and activity patterns in northern Europe. The recorded bat calls were semi-automatically identified for three target taxa; Myotis spp., Eptesicus nilssonii or Pipistrellus nathusii and the seasonal activity patterns were modeled for each taxa across the seven sampling years (2015–2021). We found an increase in activity since 2015 for E. nilssonii and Myotis spp. For E. nilssonii and Myotis spp. we found significant latitude -dependent seasonal activity patterns, where seasonal variation in patterns appeared stronger in the north. Over the years, activity of P. nathusii increased during activity peak in June and late season but decreased in mid season. We found the passive-acoustic monitoring network to be an effective and cost-efficient method for gathering bat activity data to analyze spatio-temporal patterns. Long-term data on the composition and dynamics of bat communities facilitates better estimates of abundances and population trend directions for conservation purposes and predicting the effects of climate change.Peer reviewe

Large-scale long-term passive-acoustic monitoring reveals spatio-temporal activity patterns of boreal bats

Abstract The distribution ranges and spatio-temporal patterns in the occurrence and activity of boreal bats are yet largely unknown due to their cryptic lifestyle and lack of suitable and efficient study methods. We approached the issue by establishing a permanent passive-acoustic sampling setup spanning the area of Finland to gain an understanding on how latitude affects bat species composition and activity patterns in northern Europe. The recorded bat calls were semi-automatically identified for three target taxa; Myotis spp., Eptesicus nilssonii or Pipistrellus nathusii and the seasonal activity patterns were modeled for each taxa across the seven sampling years (2015–2021). We found an increase in activity since 2015 for E. nilssonii and Myotis spp. For E. nilssonii and Myotis spp. we found significant latitude -dependent seasonal activity patterns, where seasonal variation in patterns appeared stronger in the north. Over the years, activity of P. nathusii increased during activity peak in June and late season but decreased in mid season. We found the passive-acoustic monitoring network to be an effective and cost-efficient method for gathering bat activity data to analyze spatio-temporal patterns. Long-term data on the composition and dynamics of bat communities facilitates better estimates of abundances and population trend directions for conservation purposes and predicting the effects of climate change

Hydroclimatic controls on the isotopic (δ¹⁸ O, δ² H, d-excess) traits of pan-Arctic summer rainfall events

Abstract Arctic sea-ice loss is emblematic of an amplified Arctic water cycle and has critical feedback implications for global climate. Stable isotopes (δ¹⁸O, δ²H, d-excess) are valuable tracers for constraining water cycle and climate processes through space and time. Yet, the paucity of well-resolved Arctic isotope data preclude an empirically derived understanding of the hydrologic changes occurring today, in the deep (geologic) past, and in the future. To address this knowledge gap, the Pan-Arctic Precipitation Isotope Network (PAPIN) was established in 2018 to coordinate precipitation sampling at 19 stations across key tundra, subarctic, maritime, and continental climate zones. Here, we present a first assessment of rainfall samples collected in summer 2018 (n = 281) and combine new isotope and meteorological data with sea ice observations, reanalysis data, and model simulations. Data collectively establish a summer Arctic Meteoric Water Line where δ²H = 7.6⋅δ¹⁸O–1.8 (r² = 0.96, p &lt; 0.01). Mean amount-weighted δ¹⁸O, δ²H, and d-excess values were −12.3, −93.5, and 4.9‰, respectively, with the lowest summer mean δ¹⁸O value observed in northwest Greenland (−19.9‰) and the highest in Iceland (−7.3‰). Southern Alaska recorded the lowest mean d-excess (−8.2%) and northern Russia the highest (9.9‰). We identify a range of δ¹⁸O-temperature coefficients from 0.31‰/°C (Alaska) to 0.93‰/°C (Russia). The steepest regression slopes (&gt;0.75‰/°C) were observed at continental sites, while statistically significant temperature relations were generally absent at coastal stations. Model outputs indicate that 68% of the summer precipitating air masses were transported into the Arctic from mid-latitudes and were characterized by relatively high δ¹⁸O values. Yet 32% of precipitation events, characterized by lower δ¹⁸O and high d-excess values, derived from northerly air masses transported from the Arctic Ocean and/or its marginal seas, highlighting key emergent oceanic moisture sources as sea ice cover declines. Resolving these processes across broader spatial-temporal scales is an ongoing research priority, and will be key to quantifying the past, present, and future feedbacks of an amplified Arctic water cycle on the global climate system

Global Spore Sampling Project: A global, standardized dataset of airborne fungal DNA.

Novel methods for sampling and characterizing biodiversity hold great promise for re-evaluating patterns of life across the planet. The sampling of airborne spores with a cyclone sampler, and the sequencing of their DNA, have been suggested as an efficient and well-calibrated tool for surveying fungal diversity across various environments. Here we present data originating from the Global Spore Sampling Project, comprising 2,768 samples collected during two years at 47 outdoor locations across the world. Each sample represents fungal DNA extracted from 24 m3 of air. We applied a conservative bioinformatics pipeline that filtered out sequences that did not show strong evidence of representing a fungal species. The pipeline yielded 27,954 species-level operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Each OTU is accompanied by a probabilistic taxonomic classification, validated through comparison with expert evaluations. To examine the potential of the data for ecological analyses, we partitioned the variation in species distributions into spatial and seasonal components, showing a strong effect of the annual mean temperature on community composition