Improvement of forms and methods of teaching in higher education

Розглянуто поняття форм і методів навчання у вищому навчальному закладі як складових компонентів авторських педагогічних систем та розглянуто їх характеристику. Виділено організаційні форми навчання, які одночасно є способами безперервного управління пізнавальною діяльністю студентів. До них відносять: лекції, семінарські заняття, лабораторні роботи, практикуми, самостійну роботу, науково-дослідну роботу студентів, різного виду практику тощо. Показано, що ефективність навчання безпосередньо залежить від форм і методів, які викладач буде використовувати в навчально-виховному процесі. Вміле їх поєднання дозволить активізувати студента і викликати в ньому інтерес до процесу навчання.The concepts of forms and methods of teaching in higher education as constituent components of the author's pedagogical systems were considered and their characteristics were considered too. Organizational forms of education were given. They are method of continuous management of cognitive activity of the students. These include: lectures, seminars, laboratory works, self-work, research work of students, various types of practice, etc. It is shown that the effectiveness of teaching depends directly on the forms and methods that the teacher will use in the educational process. Skillful combination of them will allow activating the student and arouse interest in him in the learning process

Синтез та біологічна активність біс-мефенамідокаліксарену

Aim. To develop the method for the synthesis of the conjugate of diaminocalix[4]arene with 2-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)aminobenzoic acid (mefenamic acid) – bis-mefenamidocalixarene, determine its structure and physicochemical properties and assess its anti-exudative activity (AeA).Results and discussion. The conjugate of diaminocalixarene with mefenamic acid – bis-mefenamidocalixarene was synthesized at one step by the reaction of reactants in equimolar amounts in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide. The structure of the compound obtained was determined by spectral methods. AeA of bis-mefenamidocalixarene was studied in rats using the model of formalin edema. The results of the experimental studies showed that bis-mefenamidocalixarene exhibited the anti-exudative activity, which was equal to the reference drug – sodium diclofenac.Experimental part. The reaction of diaminocalixaren with 2- (2,3-dimethylphenyl)aminobenzoic acid (mefenamic acid) led to bis-mefenamidocalixarene with 40 % yield. The screening of AeA was carried out using modern digital plethysmometer (IITC Life Science (USA)).Conclusions. The effective one-stage method for the synthesis of the conjugate of diaminocalix[4]arene with 2-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)aminobenzoic acid – bis-mefenamidocalixarene has been developed. Its structure has been proven, and AeA has been studied. AeA is equal to the reference drug. It has been found that bis-mefenamidokalixaren synthesized is a promising compound for further profound studies.Цель. Разработать метод получения конъюгата диаминокаликс[4]арена с 2-(2,3-диметилфенил)аминобензойной кислотой (мефенаминовой кислотой) – бис-мефенамидокаликсарен, определить его строение и физико-химические свойства, оценить его антиэкссудативную активность.Результаты и обсуждение. Конъюгат диаминокаликсарена с мефенаминовой кислотой – бис-мефенамидокаликсарен синтезирован в одну стадию взаимодействием исходных соединений в эквимолярных количествах в присутствии 1-этил-3-(3-диметиламинопропил)карбодиимида. Определено строение и физико-химические характеристики полученного конъюгата. На модели формалинового отека у крыс изучена антиэкссудативная активность конъюгата диаминокаликс[4]арена с 2-(2,3-диметилфенил)аминобензойной кислотой – бис-мефенамидокаликсарена. Результаты экспериментальных исследований показали, что бис-мефенамидокаликсарен проявляет антиэкссудативную активность на уровне референс-препарата – диклофенака натрия.Экспериментальная часть. бис-Мефенамидокаликсарен синтезирован взаимодействием диаминокаликсарена c 2-(2,3-диметилфенил)аминобензойной кислотой (мефенаминовой кислотой) в присутствии 1-этил-3-(3-диметиламинопропил)карбодиимида гидрохлорида с выходом 40 %. Скрининг антиэкссудативной активности проводили с помощью цифрового плетизмометра IITC Life Science (США).Выводы. Разработан эффективный одностадийный метод синтеза бис-мефенамидокаликсарена. Доказано его строение и изучена антиэкссудативная активность, которая оказалась на уровне референс-препарата. Установлено, что синтезированный бис-мефенамидокаликсарен является перспективным для дальнейших углубленных исследований.Мета. Розробити метод отримання кон’югату діамінокалікс[4]арену з 2-(2,3-диметилфеніл)амінобензойною кислотою (мефенаміновою кислотою) – біс-мефенамідокаліксарену, визначити його будову та фізико-хімічні властивості, оцінити його антиексудативну активність.Результати та обговорення. Кон’югат діамінокаліксарену з мефенаміновою кислотою – біс-мефенамідокаліксарен синтезовано в одну стадію взаємодією вихідних сполук в еквімолярних кількостях у присутності 1-етил-3-(3-диметиламінопропіл)карбодііміду. Визначено будову отриманого кон’югату за допомогою спектральних методів аналізу. На моделі формалінового набряку у щурів вивчено антиексудативну активність біс-мефенамідокаліксарену. Результати експериментальних досліджень показали, що біс-мефенамідокаліксарен виявив антиексудативну активність, яка була на рівні референс-препарату – диклофенаку натрію.Експериментальна частина. біс-Мефенамідокаліксарен отримували взаємодією діамінокаліксарену з 2-(2,3-диметилфеніл)амінобензойною кислотою (мефенаміновою кислотою) у присутності 1-етил-3-(3-диметиламінопропіл)карбодііміду гідрохлориду з виходом 40 %. Скринінг антиексудативної активності проводи за допомогою цифрового плетизмометра IITC Life Science (США).Висновки. Розроблено ефективний одностадійний метод синтезу біс-мефенамідокаліксарену. Доведено його будову та вивчено антиексудативну активність, яка виявилася на рівні референс-препарату. Показано, що синтезований біс-мефенамідокаліксарен є перспективним для подальших поглиблених досліджень

The versatility of carboxytherapy in pathogenic therapy

Carbon dioxide is a powerful physiological regulator (physiological and pharmacological pacemaker) of numerous body systems: cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous, excretory, hematopoietic, immune,etc. Therefore, at present, carboxytherapy, due to the universal nature of pharmacodynamics, its physiology is one of the methods widely used in medicine for the treatment of a large number of diseases and has received official recognition in many countries worldwide. The use of CO2 in surgery is not limited to disinfection of surgical wounds, wound healing, anti-inflammatory, hemostatic and antioxidant effects. Inhaling carbon dioxide in a low concentration (3-5%) has a reflex stimulating effect on the respiratory and vasomotor centers of the medulla oblongata: it causes deep and rapid breathing, and excitation of the vasomotor center - an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. This reflex effect of CO2 is used during anesthesia to stimulate pulmonary ventilation with a mixture of CO2 and O2 (carbogen) while suppressing pulmonary ventilation. Inhalation of CO2 helps with vascular collapse to increase cerebral blood flow. Thus, carboxytherapy in the complex of pharmacotherapeutic treatment of diseases is a worthy alternative to drugs that have synergistic pathogenetic (antioxidant, antihypoxic, anti-inflammatory) and symptomatic (vasodilator, analgesic, hypolipidemic, antiseptic, reparative) effects. Keywords: carbon dioxide, carboxytherapy, pathogenic therapy

Construction and Medical Trials of Monoclonal Immuno-Enzyme Test-System for the Detection of Encapsulated Plague Agent Strains, “EIAPESTF1-M”

Objective of the study was to develop and then conduct medical trials of the “Monoclonal immune-enzyme test-system for the detection of plague agent (“EIAPESTF1-M”).Materials and methods. Utilized were materials for carrying out sandwich EIA. MCA 1B3 to Y. pestis F1 served as diagnostic immune-reagent. To determine sensitivity and specificity of the designed immune-enzyme test-system, investigated were samples of 24 natural and genetically modified pFra+ and pFra– Y. pestis strains and 56 strains of heterologous bacteria Enterobacteriaceae family.Results and conclusions. Based on monoclonal antibodies to Yersinia pestis capsular antigen, constructed was “Monoclonal immune-enzyme test-system for the detection of plague agent (“EIAPESTF1-M”), which is characterized by high specificity and allows for the detection of encapsulated plague agent strains in biological samples and for identification of pure cultures with sensitivity of 5·105 – 1·106 mc/ml. It is highly competitive with comparator drug – “Diagnostic fluorescent absorbed equine plague immunoglobulins”, lyophilizate for diagnostic purposes, by RusRAPI “Microbe”. It possesses such advantages as objective result recording and capability of result documentation. “EIAPESTF1-M” is registered in the RF Federal Service for Surveillance in the Sphere of Healthcare and Social Development, reference No 2013/711, dated 31.05.2013 and approved for use in the territory of the Russian Federation

Development of Civic Activity of Students with Value Orientations in Out-Of-School Space of College

В статье рассмотрена проблема развития гражданской активности личности обучающихся профессиональной образовательной организации. В разных значениях рассматривается педагогическая проблема ценностных ориентаций.The article deals with the problem of the development of civil activity of the personality of students of a professional educational organization with value orientations. The pedagogical problem of value orientations is considered in different meanings

A large-scale study across the avian clade identifies ecological drivers of neophobia

Copyright: \ua9 2025 Miller et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Neophobia, or aversion to novelty, is important for adaptability and survival as it influences the ways in which animals navigate risk and interact with their environments. Across individuals, species and other taxonomic levels, neophobia is known to vary considerably, but our understanding of the wider ecological drivers of neophobia is hampered by a lack of comparative multispecies studies using standardized methods. Here, we utilized the ManyBirds Project, a Big Team Science large-scale collaborative open science framework, to pool efforts and resources of 129 collaborators at 77 institutions from 24 countries worldwide across six continents. We examined both difference scores (between novel object test and control conditions) and raw data of latency to touch familiar food in the presence (test) and absence (control) of a novel object among 1,439 subjects from 136 bird species across 25 taxonomic orders incorporating lab, field, and zoo sites. We first demonstrated that consistent differences in neophobia existed among individuals, among species, and among other taxonomic levels in our dataset, rejecting the null hypothesis that neophobia is highly plastic at all taxonomic levels with no evidence for evolutionary divergence. We then tested for effects of ecological factors on neophobia, including diet, sociality, habitat, and range, while accounting for phylogeny. We found that (i) species with more specialist diets were more neophobic than those with more generalist diets, providing support for the Neophobia Threshold Hypothesis; (ii) migratory species were also more neophobic than nonmigratory species, which supports the Dangerous Niche Hypothesis. Our study shows that the evolution of avian neophobia has been shaped by ecological drivers and demonstrates the potential of Big Team Science to advance our understanding of animal behavior

UVEAL METASTASIS FROM PROSTATE CANCER

Background. Ocular metastases from prostate cancer are extremely rare, accounting for less than 1 % of all orbital tumors. Despite their rarity, these lesions are clinically significant due to the risk of vision loss and pain, and they often indicate advanced systemic disease.Objective. To review the current literature on the clinical features, diagnostic methods, treatment strategies, and prognosis of ocular metastases from prostate cancer.Results. Common manifestations include proptosis, visual acuity decline, diplopia, and orbital pain. Metastases typically involve the orbit or choroid. Diagnosis requires a high degree of clinical suspicion and includes orbital magnetic resonance imaging, PSMA positron emission tomography/computed tomography, ophthalmoscopy, and histopathological confirmation via biopsy. Elevated prostate-specific antigen levels with ocular symptoms strongly suggest metastatic prostate cancer. Treatment is mainly palliative and involves systemic androgen deprivation therapy, chemotherapy, and local radiotherapy. In some cases, regression of ocular lesions and symptom relief can be achieved, particularly if therapy is initiated early. Nevertheless, the median survival after diagnosis of ocular metastases is generally limited to 7–24 months.Conclusion. Ocular involvement in prostate cancer represents a rare but serious metastatic manifestation. Early detection and a multidisciplinary therapeutic approach are essential to reduce symptom burden and improve quality of life. Further research and accumulation of clinical data are necessary to develop optimal management strategies for this uncommon complication