Uma proposta de design de intera??o para uma ferramenta de coleta e minera??o de textos em redes sociais online para fins de pesquisa cient?fica

As redes sociais online t?m se tornando cada vez mais populares e, associado a este crescimento, o volume de informa??o gerado em formato digital tem aumentado de forma significativa. Independentemente do tipo de rede social, ? poss?vel aproveit?-la como fonte de informa??o para a constru??o de conhecimento cient?fico, nas mais diferentes ?reas. Por?m realizar tais atividades manualmente ? absolutamente invi?vel, sendo necess?ria a utiliza??o das t?cnicas de Minera??o de Textos para analisar e extrair informa??es ?teis dessa extensa base de dados. Em geral, h? boas op??es de ferramentas no mercado, contudo, se considerarmos a quest?o do ponto de vista acad?mico, seja por falta de habilidade para operar a interface dos programas existentes, ou desconhecimento de sua exist?ncia, a utiliza??o de ferramentas experimentais ainda ? relativamente baixa na pesquisa acad?mica nacional da ?rea de m?dias sociais. Neste contexto, esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de desenvolver o design da intera??o do Framework Or?culo, uma ferramenta de apoio ao processo de coleta e minera??o de textos, voltada para o apoio de usu?rios que coletam e mineram dados em redes sociais online, para fins de pesquisa cient?fica. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida inicialmente com a identifica??o das necessidades e defini??o dos requisitos dos pesquisadores de institui??es de ensino em rela??o ? coleta e an?lise de dados em redes sociais online e, em seguida, foi feito o design do framework, seguindo a abordagem do Design Centrado na Comunica??o, seguido da constru??o do prot?tipo funcional de alta fidelidade. Uma avalia??o preliminar do prot?tipo foi realizada junto aos seus potenciais usu?rios, e os resultados apontaram a facilidade de uso e a aceitabilidade da sua interface, proporcionando a satisfa??o dos usu?rios, que foi refletida na vontade de utilizar o Or?culo em suas pesquisas futuras. Assim, acredita-se que, com o trabalho, foi poss?vel contribuir com as ?reas de IHC e minera??o de textos, ao trazer considera??es sobre aspectos relevantes para o design e avalia??o de ferramentas de coleta e minera??o de dados provenientes de RSOs, sob o ponto de vista da intera??o humano-computador.Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Educa??o, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2019.Online social networks are becoming increasingly popular and, associated with this growth, the volume of information generated in digital format has increased significantly. Regardless of the type of social network, it can be used as a source of information for the construction of scientific knowledge in the most different areas. However, performing such activities manually is absolutely not feasible, requiring the use of Text Mining techniques to analyze and extract useful information from this extensive database. In general, there are good tool options on the market, however, if we consider the issue from the academic point of view, either because of the lack of ability to operate the interface of existing programs or lack of knowledge about them, the use of experimental tools is still relatively low. low in national academic research in the area of social media. In this context, this research aimed to develop the interaction design of the Oracle Framework, a tool to support the process of collecting and mining texts, aimed at supporting users who collect and mine data on online social networks, for the purpose of scientific research. The research was initially developed with the identification of the needs and definition of the requirements of the researchers of educational institutions in relation to the collection and analysis of data in online social networks. Then, the framework design was made, following the Centered Design approach. Communication, followed by the construction of the high fidelity functional prototype. A preliminary evaluation of the prototype was carried out with its potential users, and the results showed the ease of use and the acceptability of its interface, providing users' satisfaction, which was reflected in the desire to use the Oracle in their future research. Thus, it is believed that, with the work, it was possible to contribute to the areas of HCI and text mining, by bringing considerations on relevant aspects for the design and evaluation of data collection and mining tools from RSOs, under the point point of view of human-computer interaction

“We lost a lot, but something good came out of it too:” Exploring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental wellbeing of British Muslim Pakistani women with family responsibilities

YesBackground The COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions caused major disruption globally, shedding light on the unprecedented strain upon the mental health and wellbeing of individuals around the world. Poor mental health in the pandemic is reported to be greater in women, with mothers being at increased risk. It is unclear whether there are differences in the impact of mental wellbeing on some ethnic groups over others. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of British Muslim Pakistani women with family responsibilities during the COVID-19 pandemic, two years on from the first lockdown. Methods Qualitative interviews with women were conducted via telephone using a semi-structured topic guide. The sample included 25 British Muslim Pakistani women with family responsibilities, both English and non-English speaking. Women lived in households that ranged in number and included extended family. Key themes were determined using thematic analysis. Results Results were grouped under three themes. These were (1) Community, cultural and religious contributors to poor mental wellbeing, (2) religious and cultural mediators of mental distress, and (3) perceived positive impact on lifestyle. British Muslim Pakistani women were psychologically distressed by the high rates of virus transmission and deaths in their communities and at the prospect of older members of their extended family developing the virus. The impact of restrictions on fundamental religious and cultural interactions further exacerbated poor mental wellbeing in this population. Religion, community social capital and larger household structures were all effective coping strategies for British Muslim Pakistani women. Positive impacts of the pandemic included becoming closer to family and faith, and increased work/life harmony. Conclusions An exploration of religious and cultural coping mechanisms should be used to inform future national pandemic preparedness plans, as well as effective strategies for building and maintaining social capital. This may increase adherence to physical distancing and other protective behaviours in populations.Department of Health, United Kingdom, NIHR20016

Large scale localization of protein phosphorylation by use of electron capture dissociation mass spectrometry.

We used on-line electron capture dissociation (ECD) for the large scale identification and localization of sites of phosphorylation. Each FT-ICR ECD event was paired with a linear ion trap collision-induced dissociation (CID) event, allowing a direct comparison of the relative merits of ECD and CID for phosphopeptide identification and site localization. Linear ion trap CID was shown to be most efficient for phosphopeptide identification, whereas FT-ICR ECD was superior for localization of sites of phosphorylation. The combination of confident CID and ECD identification and confident CID and ECD localization is particularly valuable in cases where a phosphopeptide is identified just once within a phosphoproteomics experiment

Targeted online liquid chromatography electron capture dissociation mass spectrometry for the localization of sites of in vivo phosphorylation in human Sprouty2

We demonstrate a strategy employing collision-induced dissociation for phosphopeptide discovery, followed by targeted electron capture dissociation (ECD) for site localization. The high mass accuracy and low background noise of the ECD mass spectra allow facile sequencing of coeluting isobaric phosphopeptides, with up to two isobaric phosphopeptides sequenced from a single mass spectrum. In contrast to the previously described neutral loss of dependent ECD method, targeted ECD allows analysis of both phosphotyrosine peptides and lower abundance phosphopeptides. The approach was applied to phosphorylation analysis of human Sprouty2, a regulator of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. Fifteen sites of phosphorylation were identified, 11 of which are novel

Seminal plasma as a source of prostate cancer peptide biomarker candidates for detection of indolent and advanced disease

Background:Extensive prostate specific antigen screening for prostate cancer generates a high number of unnecessary biopsies and over-treatment due to insufficient differentiation between indolent and aggressive tumours. We hypothesized that seminal plasma is a robust source of novel prostate cancer (PCa) biomarkers with the potential to improve primary diagnosis of and to distinguish advanced from indolent disease. <br>Methodology/Principal Findings: In an open-label case/control study 125 patients (70 PCa, 21 benign prostate hyperplasia, 25 chronic prostatitis, 9 healthy controls) were enrolled in 3 centres. Biomarker panels a) for PCa diagnosis (comparison of PCa patients versus benign controls) and b) for advanced disease (comparison of patients with post surgery Gleason score <7 versus Gleason score >>7) were sought. Independent cohorts were used for proteomic biomarker discovery and testing the performance of the identified biomarker profiles. Seminal plasma was profiled using capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry. Pre-analytical stability and analytical precision of the proteome analysis were determined. Support vector machine learning was used for classification. Stepwise application of two biomarker signatures with 21 and 5 biomarkers provided 83% sensitivity and 67% specificity for PCa detection in a test set of samples. A panel of 11 biomarkers for advanced disease discriminated between patients with Gleason score 7 and organ-confined (<pT3a) or advanced (≥pT3a) disease with 80% sensitivity and 82% specificity in a preliminary validation setting. Seminal profiles showed excellent pre-analytical stability. Eight biomarkers were identified as fragments of N-acetyllactosaminide beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase​,prostatic acid phosphatase, stabilin-2, GTPase IMAP family member 6, semenogelin-1 and -2. Restricted sample size was the major limitation of the study.</br> <br>Conclusions/Significance: Seminal plasma represents a robust source of potential peptide makers for primary PCa diagnosis. Our findings warrant further prospective validation to confirm the diagnostic potential of identified seminal biomarker candidates.</br&gt

A mass accuracy sensitive probability based scoring algorithm for database searching of tandem mass spectrometry data

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has become one of the most used tools in mass spectrometry based proteomics. Various algorithms have since been developed to automate the process for modern high-throughput LC-MS/MS experiments.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A probability based statistical scoring model for assessing peptide and protein matches in tandem MS database search was derived. The statistical scores in the model represent the probability that a peptide match is a random occurrence based on the number or the total abundance of matched product ions in the experimental spectrum. The model also calculates probability based scores to assess protein matches. Thus the protein scores in the model reflect the significance of protein matches and can be used to differentiate true from random protein matches.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The model is sensitive to high mass accuracy and implicitly takes mass accuracy into account during scoring. High mass accuracy will not only reduce false positives, but also improves the scores of true positive matches. The algorithm is incorporated in an automated database search program MassMatrix.</p

A Simple Approach to Assign Disulfide Connectivity Using Extracted Ion Chromatograms of Electron Transfer Dissociation Spectra

Increasing interest in production of protein-based pharmaceuticals (biotherapeutics) is accompanied by an increased need for verification of protein folding and correct disulfide bonding. Recombinant protein expression may produce aberrant disulfide bonds and could result in safety concerns or decreased efficacy. Thus, the thorough analysis of disulfide bonding is a necessity for protein therapeutics. The use of ETD facilitates this analysis because disulfide bonds are preferentially cleaved when subjected to ETD. Here, we make use of this well-characterized reaction to assign disulfide bonding networks by coupling the use of extracted ion chromatograms (XICs) of cysteine-containing peptides with ETD analysis to produce an efficient assignment approach for disulfide bonding. This method can be used to assign a disulfide pattern in a de novo fashion, to detect disulfide shuffling, and to provide information on heterogeneity, when more than one disulfide bonding pattern is present. The method was applied for assigning the disulfide-bonding network of a recombinant monomer of the HIV envelope protein gp120. It was found that one region of the protein, the V1/V2 loops, had significant heterogeneity in the disulfide bonds