De Quervain subacute thyroiditis.

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Pregnancy Following Bariatric Surgery-Medical Complications and Management.

Bariatric surgery is most commonly carried out in women of childbearing age. Whilst fertility rates are improved, pregnancy following bariatric surgery poses several challenges. Whilst rates of many adverse maternal and foetal outcomes in obese women are reduced after bariatric surgery, pregnancy is best avoided for 12-24 months to reduce the potential risk of intrauterine growth retardation. Dumping syndromes are common after bariatric surgery and can present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in pregnancy. Early dumping occurs due to osmotic fluid shifts resulting from rapid gastrointestinal food transit, whilst late dumping is characterized by a hyperinsulinemic response to rapid absorption of simple carbohydrates. Dietary measures are the mainstay of management of dumping syndromes but pharmacotherapy may sometimes become necessary. Acarbose is the least hazardous pharmacological option for the management of postprandial hypoglycemia in pregnancy. Nutrient deficiencies may vary depending on the type of surgery; it is important to optimize the nutritional status of women prior to and during pregnancy. Dietary management should include adequate protein and calorie intake and supplementation of vitamins and micronutrients. A high clinical index of suspicion is required for early diagnosis of surgical complications of prior weight loss procedures during pregnancy, including small bowel obstruction, internal hernias, gastric band erosion or migration and cholelithiasis

Benign thyroid disease in pregnancy: A state of the art review

Thyroid dysfunction is the commonest endocrine disorder in pregnancy apart from diabetes. Thyroid hormones are essential for fetal brain development in the embryonic phase. Maternal thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy may have significant adverse maternal and fetal outcomes such as preterm delivery, preeclampsia, miscarriage and low birth weight. In this review we discuss the effect of thyroid disease on pregnancy and the current evidence on the management of different thyroid conditions in pregnancy and postpartum to improve fetal and neonatal outcomes, with special reference to existing guidelines on the topic which we dissect, critique and compare with each other.  Overt hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism should be treated appropriately in pregnancy, aiming to maintain euthyroidism. Subclinical hypothyroidism is often pragmatically treated with levothyroxine, although it has not been definitively proven whether this alters maternal or fetal outcomes. Subclinical hyperthyroidism does not usually require treatment and the possibility of non-thyroidal illness or gestational thyrotoxicosis should be considered.  Autoimmune thyroid diseases tend to improve during pregnancy but commonly flare-up or emerge in the post-partum period. Accordingly, thyroid auto-antibodies tend to decrease with pregnancy progression.  Postpartum thyroiditis should be managed based on the clinical symptoms rather than abnormal biochemical results

Studies on coconut shell powder and crysnanoclay incorporated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber/ styrene butadiene rubber (NBR/SBR) green nanocomposites

The development of commercially viable “green products” based on natural resources for both matrices and reinforcements for a wide range of applications is on the rise. This effort includes new pathways to produce natural polymers with better mechanical properties and thermal stability using nanotechnology and use of naturally occurring fillers such as lignocellulosic and hemicellulose to make biodegradable rubber composites. The blends of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) with coconut shell powder (CSP) have been prepared by using a compounding technique in presence of different amounts of crysnanoclay (CN). The effect of CN loading on tensile properties, thermal properties, swelling behavior, and water uptake behavior were studied. Significant improvement of Young's modulus and tensile strength was observed as a result of addition of nanoclay to the rubber matrix especially at 10 wt% loading. Presence of CSP resulted in ahigher in water sorption but after incorporation of CN the water sorption tended to decrease. Thermal characteristics were performed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TGA thermograms indicated that incorporation of CSP filler decreases the thermal stability of nanocomposites. The dispersion of CSP and CN in rubber matrix was analyzed from scanning electron microscopy. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:727–735, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineer

In silico docking analysis of piperine with cyclooxygenases

The structure of 1-[5-(1,3-benzodioxol- 5-yl)-1-oxo-2,4- pentadienyl]piperidine (Piperine), C17H19O3N, a versatile bioactive molecule has been redetermined at 100(2) K by X-ray crystallography to explore their potential utilization in inhibition of prostaglandin release. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak nonclassical intermolecular C-H…O hydrogen bonds and also intermolecular C-H…π interactions. The crystallographic coordinates of the compound were extrapolated to docking studies to elucidate the action of piperine against the enzymes, cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) involved in biosynthesis of prostaglandin release. Using AutoDock suite, piperine was docked at the binding site of COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme and a strong affinity (-9.06kcal/mol, Ki =227.73nM and -8.77kcal/mol, Ki = 375.62nM, respectively) was formed by Hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. These results suggest that piperine can be a promising lead for the development of COX family inhibitors

Equilibrium, Thermodynamic, and Kinetic Studies

Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Razia Sulthana et al.The economic viability of adsorbing crystal violet (CV) using pepper seed spent (PSS) as a biosorbent in an aqueous solution has been studied. A parametrical investigation was conducted considering parameters like initial concentration of dye, time of contact, pH value, and temperature variation. The analysis of experimental data obtained was carried out by evaluating with the isotherms of Freundlich, Sips, Tempkin, Jovanovic, Brouers-Sotolongo, Toth, Vieth-Sladek, Radke-Prausnitz, Langmuir, and Redlich-Peterson. The adsorption kinetics were studied by implementing the Dumwald-Wagner, Weber-Morris, pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, film diffusion, and Avrami models. The experimental value of adsorption capacity (Qm=129.4 mg g-1) was observed to be quite close to the Jovanovic isotherm adsorption capacity (Qm=82.24 mg g-1) at (R2), coefficient of correlation of 0.945. The data validation was found to conform to that of pseudo-second-order and Avrami kinetic models. The adsorption process was specified as a spontaneous and endothermic process owing to the thermodynamic parametrical values of ΔG0, ΔH0, and ΔS0. The value of ΔH0 is an indicator of the process's physical nature. The adsorption of CV to the PSS was authenticated from infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy images. The interactions of the CV-PSS system have been discussed, and the observations noted suggest PSS as a feasible adsorbent to extract CV from an aqueous solution.publishersversionpublishe

Relationship between the Plasma Proteome and Changes in Inflammatory Markers after Bariatric Surgery

Severe obesity is a disease associated with multiple adverse effects on health. Metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) can have significant effects on multiple body systems and was shown to improve inflammatory markers in previous short-term follow-up studies. We evaluated associations between changes in inflammatory markers (CRP, IL6 and TNFα) and circulating proteins after MBS. Methods: Sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH-MS) proteomics was performed on plasma samples taken at baseline (pre-surgery) and 6 and 12 months after MBS, and concurrent analyses of inflammatory/metabolic parameters were carried out. The change in absolute abundances of those proteins, showing significant change at both 6 and 12 months, was tested for correlation with the absolute and percentage (%) change in inflammatory markers. Results: We found the following results: at 6 months, there was a correlation between %change in IL-6 and fold change in HSPA4 (rho = −0.659; p = 0.038) and in SERPINF1 (rho = 0.714, p = 0.020); at 12 months, there was a positive correlation between %change in IL-6 and fold change in the following proteins—LGALS3BP (rho = 0.700, p = 0.036), HSP90B1 (rho = 0.667; p = 0.05) and ACE (rho = 0.667, p = 0.05). We found significant inverse correlations at 12 months between %change in TNFα and the following proteins: EPHX2 and ACE (for both rho = −0.783, p = 0.013). We also found significant inverse correlations between %change in CRP at 12 months and SHBG (rho = −0.759, p = 0.029), L1CAM (rho = −0.904, p = 0.002) and AMBP (rho = −0.684, p = 0.042). Conclusion: Using SWATH-MS, we identified several proteins that are involved in the inflammatory response whose levels change in patients who achieve remission of T2DM after bariatric surgery in tandem with changes in IL6, TNFα and/or CRP. Future studies are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms in how MBS decreases low-grade inflammation