Mindful “Servants:” Reflective Practices in a High School Service-Learning Classroom

Increasingly, public school teachers, administrators, and students are turning towards including reflective practices, such as “mindfulness” activities, in their daily teaching and learning experiences. This article shows the importance of how practitioners and students use and experience these practices, especially in a service-learning program aimed at pushing students to change habits and ways of thinking. This qualitative study explores reflective techniques applied to a high school service-learning course that was created and maintained to push students out of their “comfort zones” and further into community exploration and self-reflection. Results of the study conclude that reflective activities were effective in class and service contexts, supported personal growth and connection, and that students experienced “buy-in,” embracing weekly journal assignments, one-one-one-conversations, and meditation. Keywords: Mindfulness, service-learning, reflection, meditation, adolescents, high schoo

(Re)connect social and environmental responsibility to learners’ living environments: Curriculum challenges and possible solutions for teaching-learning in Life Orientation

An analysis of the National Curriculum Statement indicates a strong focus on the promotion of knowledge in local context, whilst being sensitive to global imperatives. This implies that learning experiences must reflect local realities first; a call which compels teachers to adapt their teaching with the purpose to make learning relevant and meaningful for the learner. It is therefore an appropriate time to ask the key question: Do Life Orientation teachers (re)connect their teaching-learning on social and environmental responsibility with learners’ living environments to adhere to curriculum requirements of relevance and meaningfulness? The qualitative data obtained from 13 structured classroom observations, with specific reference to the topic social and environmental responsibility, revealed that Life Orientation teachers experienced challenges. Based on these qualitative findings the researchers propose place-based education as an appropriate teaching-learning strategy to (re)connect social and environmental responsibility with the learner’s living environment

Perfluoro Alkyl Hypofluorites and Peroxides Revisited

A more convenient synthesis of the perfluoro alkyl hypofluorite (F3C)3COF as well as the hitherto unknown (C2F5)(F3C)2COF compound is reported. Both hypofluorites can be prepared by use of the corresponding tertiary alcohols RFOH and elemental fluorine in the presence of CsF. An appropriate access to these highly reactive hypofluorites is crucial. The hypofluorites are then transferred into their corresponding perfluoro bisalkyl peroxides RFOORF [RF=(F3C)3C, (C2F5)(F3C)2C] by treatment with partially fluorinated silver wool. NMR, gas‐phase infrared, and solid‐state Raman spectra of the perfluoro bisalkyl peroxides are presented and their chemical properties are discussed

(Re)connect social and environmental responsibility to learners’ living environments: Curriculum challenges and possible solutions for teaching-learning in Life Orientation

An analysis of the National Curriculum Statement indicates a strong focus on the promotion of knowledge in local context, whilst being sensitive to global imperatives. This implies that learning experiences must reflect local realities first; a call which compels teachers to adapt their teaching with the purpose to make learning relevant and meaningful for the learner. It is therefore an appropriate time to ask the key question: Do Life Orientation teachers (re)connect their teaching-learning on social and environmental responsibility with learners’ living environments to adhere to curriculum requirements of relevance and meaningfulness? The qualitative data obtained from 13 structured classroom observations, with specific reference to the topic social and environmental responsibility, revealed that Life Orientation teachers experienced challenges. Based on these qualitative findings the researchers propose place-based education as an appropriate teaching-learning strategy to (re)connect social and environmental responsibility with the learner’s living environment

Complete genome sequence of Syntrophobacter fumaroxidans strain (MPOB(T)).

Syntrophobacter fumaroxidans strain MPOB(T) is the best-studied species of the genus Syntrophobacter. The species is of interest because of its anaerobic syntrophic lifestyle, its involvement in the conversion of propionate to acetate, H2 and CO2 during the overall degradation of organic matter, and its release of products that serve as substrates for other microorganisms. The strain is able to ferment fumarate in pure culture to CO2 and succinate, and is also able to grow as a sulfate reducer with propionate as an electron donor. This is the first complete genome sequence of a member of the genus Syntrophobacter and a member genus in the family Syntrophobacteraceae. Here we describe the features of this organism, together with the complete genome sequence and annotation. The 4,990,251 bp long genome with its 4,098 protein-coding and 81 RNA genes is a part of the Microbial Genome Program (MGP) and the Genomes to Life (GTL) Program project

Bacteriophage DNA glucosylation impairs target DNA binding by type I and II but not by type V CRISPR-Cas effector complexes

Prokaryotes encode various host defense systems that provide protection against mobile genetic elements. Restriction-modification (R-M) and CRISPR-Cas systems mediate host defense by sequence specific targeting of invasive DNA. T-even bacteriophages employ covalent modifications of nucleobases to avoid binding and therefore cleavage of their DNA by restriction endonucleases. Here, we describe that DNA glucosylation of bacteriophage genomes affects interference of some but not all CRISPR-Cas systems. We show that glucosyl modification of 5-hydroxymethylated cytosines in the DNA of bacteriophage T4 interferes with type I-E and type II-A CRISPR-Cas systems by lowering the affinity of the Cascade and Cas9-crRNA complexes for their target DNA. On the contrary, the type V-A nuclease Cas12a (also known as Cpf1) is not impaired in binding and cleavage of glucosylated target DNA, likely due to a more open structural architecture of the protein. Our results suggest that CRISPR-Cas systems have contributed to the selective pressure on phages to develop more generic solutions to escape sequence specific host defense systems

FXYD2 and Na,K-ATPase Expression in Isolated Human Proximal Tubular Cells: Disturbed Upregulation on Renal Hypomagnesemia?

Autosomal dominant renal hypomagnesemia (OMIM 154020), associated with hypocalciuria, has been linked to a 121G to A mutation in the FXYD2 gene. To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms linking this mutation to the clinical phenotype, we studied isolated proximal tubular cells from urine of a patient and a healthy subject. Cells were immortalized and used to assess the effects of hypertonicity-induced overexpression of FXYD2 on amount, activity and apparent affinities for Na+, K+ and ATP of Na,K-ATPase. Both cell lines expressed mRNA for FXYD2a and FXYD2b, and patient cells contained both the wild-type and mutated codons. FXYD2 protein expression was lower in patient cells and could be increased in both cell lines upon culturing in hyperosmotic medium but to a lesser extent in patient cells. Similarly, hyperosmotic culturing increased Na,K-ATPase protein expression and ATP hydrolyzing activity but, again, to a lesser extent in patient cells. Apparent affinities of Na,K-ATPase for Na+, K+ and ATP did not differ between patient and control cells or after hyperosmotic induction. We conclude that human proximal tubular cells respond to a hyperosmotic challenge with an increase in FXYD2 and Na,K-ATPase protein expression, though to a smaller absolute extent in patient cells

Prevalence of Anal Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Performance of Cepheid Xpert and Hybrid Capture 2 (hc2) HPV Assays in South African HIV-Infected Women

Objectives This study investigated anal high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) prevalence in HIV-infected women using the Cepheid Xpert HPV assay and compares its performance with that of Hybrid Capture-2 (hc2). Methods A total of 199 HIV-infected women were recruited from Helen Joseph Hospital, Johannesburg. Stored ThinPrep anal swabs that had previously been tested using hc2 were tested for HPV using Xpert. Results The HR-HPV prevalence by Xpert was 40.8% and similar to hc2 (41.8%) with overall agreement of 86.7%; Cohen's kappa 0.73 (95% CI 0.63-0.82). High grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) was associated with increasing number of multiple HPV infection (P <.001). Xpert and hc2 were similarly sensitive (77.4% and 77.4%, respectively) and specific (66.1% and 64.8% respectively) for HSIL detection. HPV16 (OR: 14.0, 95% CI: 3.9-48.0, P <.0001), HPV39/68/56/66 (OR: 4.1, 95% CI: 1.4-12, P =.01) and HPV51/59 (OR: 2.8, 95% CI: 1.1-7.6, P =.04) were independently associated with anal HSIL. Conclusions Xpert HPV typing is a promising anal screening test in HIV-infected women that performs similarly to hc2

Prevalence of Anal HPV and Anal Dysplasia in HIV-Infected Women from Johannesburg, South Africa

Background: Anal cancer is a relatively common cancer among HIV-infected populations. There are limited data on the prevalence of anal high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection and anal dysplasia in HIV-infected women from resource-constrained settings. Methods: A cross-sectional study of HIV-infected women aged 25-65 years recruited from an HIV clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa. Cervical and anal swabs were taken for conventional cytology and HR-HPV testing. Women with abnormal anal cytology and 20% of women with negative cytology were seen for high-resolution anoscopy with biopsy of visible lesions. Results: Two hundred women were enrolled. Anal HR-HPV was found in 43%. The anal cytology results were negative in 51 (26%); 97 (49%) had low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL), 32 (16%) had atypical squamous cells of unknown significance, and 19 (9.5%) had high-grade SIL or atypical squamous cells suggestive of high-grade SIL. On high-resolution anoscopy, 71 (36%) had atypia or low-grade SIL on anal histology and 17 (8.5%) had high-grade SIL. Overall, 31 (17.5%) had high-grade SIL present on anal cytology or histology. Abnormal cervical cytology was found in 70% and cervical HR-HPV in 41%. Conclusions: We found a significant burden of anal HR-HPV infection, abnormal anal cytology, and high-grade SIL in our cohort. This is the first study of the prevalence of anal dysplasia in HIV-infected women from sub-Saharan Africa. Additional studies are needed to define the epidemiology of these conditions, as well as the incidence of anal cancer, in this population