En ny teoris framväxt : en studie om teoriutvecklingen inom barndomssociologin

This essay aims to examine how theories within childhood sociology have evolved. The main questions are: Who are the central scientists within the field, what are their objects of study and who are the intended recipients of their work? How can the origin of the theories be described? Which elements are central in the theories and have they changed over time? How can the theories be evaluated based on criteria of valid theories? The study was based on a qualitative literature review. Six scientists' publications were examined, ranging from the time of the theories establishment to present time. In the analysis hermeneutics and theories of scientific development were used to seek explanations. The main results show that the central elements in the theories describe childhood as a social phenomenon and a structural category. Children are viewed as social actors and as the basic scientific unit. Childhood is understood in the context of distribution of power and the societal development. The earlier theories are marked by unity and a provocative view on childhood, this might be due to a common strive to establish the scientific field. The scientists succeeded in their aim, supported by a growing interest in children in society. Later this unity dwindled and opposing theories emerged that viewed childhood as a more complex and diverse phenomenon. This diversity provides the field with new perspectives which might promote further development of new theories

Bevattningsvattnets kvalitet i orkidéodling

Tropiska orkidéer har odlats i mer än 2000 år och alltsedan det första exemplaret fördes med upptäcktsresande till Europa så har intresset för växten exploderat/vuxit explosionsartat. Idag är det en av de vanligast förekommande på våra fönsterbrädor. I denna studie har bevattningsvattnets kvalitet studerats och legat i fokus i syftet om att finna de bästa förutsättningarna för optimal tillväxt. Den information som behandlas i arbetet baseras på litteratur, framförallt från forskning samt rapporter från olika institutioner och myndigheter. Resultatet av studien pekar på att vattenkvalitetens betydelse för orkidéer liksom andra växters utveckling är svårt att isolera från övriga faktorers inverkan. Att bevattningsvattnets kvalitet har betydelse står dock klart.Tropical orchids have been cultivated for more than 2000 years and since the first specimen was brought on expeditions to Europe, interest in the plant has exploded. Today it is one of the most common plant on our windowsills. In this study, the quality of irrigation water has been examined and set in focus in order to find the best conditions for optimal growth. The information in the study is based on literature, primarily from research and reports from various institutions and authorities. The results of the study indicate that the importance of water quality for orchids, as well as the development of other plants, is difficult to isolate from the impact of other factors. It is clear, however, that the quality of irrigation water is important

Processes controlling the vertical aerosol distribution in marine stratocumulus regions - a sensitivity study using the climate model NorESM1-M

The vertical distribution of aerosols plays an important role in determining the effective radiative forcing from aerosol–radiation and aerosol–cloud interactions. Here, a number of processes controlling the vertical distribution of aerosol in five subtropical marine stratocumulus regions in the climate model NorESM1-M are investigated, with a focus on the total aerosol extinction. A comparison with satellite lidar data (CALIOP, Cloud–Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) shows that the model underestimates aerosol extinction throughout the troposphere, especially elevated aerosol layers in the two regions where they are seen in observations. It is found that the shape of the vertical aerosol distribution is largely determined by the aerosol emission and removal processes in the model, primarily through the injection height, emitted particle size, and wet scavenging. In addition, the representation of vertical transport related to shallow convection and entrainment is found to be important, whereas alterations in aerosol optical properties and cloud microphysics parameterizations have smaller effects on the vertical aerosol extinction distribution. However, none of the alterations made are sufficient for reproducing the observed vertical distribution of aerosol extinction, neither in magnitude nor in shape. Interpolating the vertical levels of CALIOP to the corresponding model levels leads to better agreement in the boundary layer and highlights the importance of the vertical resolution

”Sportnörd vs Mobilnörd” : En kvantitativ studie om ungdomars fritidsvanor kopplat till användningen av skärmbaserad media.

The aim of our study was to quantitatively identify/explore what young people, of age 14-16 years do at their leisure time and how much time they spend on screen-based media. We wanted to find out how young people's social interaction are with other people and examine what they do in their leisure time, with whom and where they perform various leisure activities. Based on this reasoning we wanted to see if there were any gender differences in leisure activities in relation to the use of screen based media. We used questionnaires in which we came up with a result that showed that the girls have a frequent use of theirs mobile phone every day. The result also showed that the boys have a frequent use of theirs mobile phone every day. The big difference between the boys and the girls leisure activities was that the boys were more physically active

Matlådan som "heligt objekt": En sociologisk studie av studenters tankar kring lunchvanor i grupp

När det talas om lunchvanor är matlådan ständigt aktuell. Matlådan är ett ekonomiskt effektivt alternativ och den innehåller mat som man själv har tillagat i hemmet. Då lunchen ofta äts på en arbetsplats eller i skolmiljö kan människor runt omkring ha en viss påverkan på individens egna lunchvanor. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur studenters användande av matlådan påverkas av gruppinteraktioner. Uppsatsen är en kvalitativ studie baserad på intervjuer med studenter. Materialet analyseras utifrån ett mikrosociologiskt perspektiv med utgångspunkt i begreppen ”gruppjag”, ”ritualer”, ”heliga objekt” och ”spegeljaget”. Resultatet visar att lunchätandet blir en ritual där de studerade grupperna upphöjer matlådan till ett heligt objekt. De skapar gemensamma värderingar och på så vis formas ett gruppjag. Individerna ser sig själva genom gruppens ögon utifrån ett spegeljag då de anpassar sina egna vanor efter gruppens ritualer. De upplevda förväntningarna från gruppen resulterar i att individen strävar efter ett ”hushållsideal” som bland annat innebär medvetenhet om ekonomi och hälsa, men framförallt intresse av att laga sin egen mat

The degree of projectification in organizations, and its impact on strategic flexibility: A quantitative study of the Norwegian economy

Master thesis Business Administration - University of Agder 2016In this study, we will explore the plausible relationship between the degree of projectification, and the strategic flexibility in the Norwegian economy. Working in a project-based form is increasing in most industries throughout the western world, and at the same time, strategic flexibility is becoming more and more important. We live in a world of rapid changes, where organizations have to be able to act fast in order to stay "alive". We know that projectification is an increasingly important phenomenon, and that the strategic flexibility of an organization might be the focus of the future - but what remains unanswered is if there is a connection between the two. This is a descriptive study of the Norwegian economy, where we have obtained primary data from 1412 participating organizations, representing different industries and sizes. We have determined a measure of the degree of projectification in the Norwegian economy, as well as establish to which extent organizations consider themselves to have strategic flexibility. We have also been able to estimate the future growth rate of projectification for the next five years in the Norwegian economy. Through this research, we have further established that there is a significant relationship between our two variables, but that it is quite weak. Furthermore, we have found that there is a significant moderating effect to our relationship, by the industry type the organizations belongs to. We have however found that the size of the organization does not have a significant impact on the mentioned relationship, in the Norwegian economy

BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS IN KOSOVO - MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL AMENDMENTS

Mentor: Prof. Dr. Vjollca Hasan

Brandteknisk Riskvärdering Sveaplan Köpcentrum

Abstract The main purpose of the report is to examine the egress safety at Sveaplan köpcentrum in Eskilstuna in case of fire. Sveaplan köpcentrum is a shopping mall with different kinds of shops and a restaurant. When visiting the shopping centre two of the compartments were empty and two fictitious companies were therefore pursued. Three different fire scenarios were analyzed and simulated in the programs FDS and Simulex. The total evacuation time was compared with the time for critical conditions to develop, to see if the requirements were fulfilled or not. The conclusion for Sveaplan köpcentrum is that they have a good egress safety in case of fire but that some minor measurement should be done to secure the safety. Following measurement shall be done • Objects that block the emergency exits shall be removed. • Optical alarms shall be installed in restrooms • Emergency exits where people with disabilities can evacuate shall be well marked. • Installation of fire safe glass in the opening between the two decks and installation of fire smoke vents. • Remove the shopping carts. • Installation of more smoke detectors at the upper floor. • At the places where egress signs are missing or insufficient shall complement be done.Sammanfattning Rapporten utgör en brandteknisk riskvärdering av Sveaplan köpcentrum och är framtagen i studiesyfte i kursen VBR054, Brandteknisk Riskvärdering, på brandingenjörsprogrammet vid Lunds Tekniska Högskola. Anläggningen omfattar cirka 8700 m2 och består av diverse butiker samt en enklare restaurang. Vid platsbesöket stod två lokaler tomma och då information gällande framtida hyresgäster var sekretessbelagd vid denna tidpunkt fick gruppen ansätta två fiktiva verksamheter. Dessa valdes med utgångspunkt att utmana brandskyddet men utan att för den sakens skull vara orimliga hyresgäster i en sådan typ av byggnad. I en grovanalys sammanställs möjliga brandscenarier med en kvalitativt uppskattad skala av sannolikhet och konsekvens. Därefter jämförs scenarierna inbördes med hjälp av en riskmatris. De tre scenarier som bedöms utgöra störst risk för personsäkerheten analyseras sedan djupare genom att brand- och utrymningsförlopp jämförs. Detta görs med hjälp av simuleringar i datorprogrammen FDS samt Simulex, där tiden till kritiska förhållanden jämförs med utrymningstiden. Kriterier för kritiska förhållanden är hämtade från Boverkets allmänna råd om analytisk dimensionering av byggnaders brandskydd och berör parametrar som brandgaslagrets höjd, sikt, temperatur, strålning samt toxicitet. I de fall där utrymningstiden är längre än tiden tills kritiska förhållanden uppstår, bedöms personsäkerheten inte vara tillfredsställande och åtgärder skall vidtas. Efter rådande förutsättningar vid platsbesöket bedöms Sveaplan köpcentrums personsäkerhet vara god med ett mindre antal brister. Genom införande av de två fiktiva verksamheterna erhölls dock en mer komplex situation vilket är viktigt att vara medveten om när nedan listade åtgärdsförslag läses. De kursivt markerade punkterna är scenariospecifika, det vill säga direkt knutna till något av de tre valda brandscenarierna. Åtgärder som skall genomföras • Föremål som blockerar utrymningsdörrar skall avlägsnas. • På de ställen där vägledande markeringar saknas eller är bristande skall kompletteringar genomföras. • Optiska larmdon skall installeras i hygienutrymmen. • Det skall tydligt markeras var personer med funktionshinder kan utrymma. • Utrymningsövningar bör genomföras kontinuerligt. • All personal bör fortlöpande erbjudas brandskyddsrelaterad utbildning. • Montering av brandsäkert glas i öppningen mellan de två planen samt installation av brandgasfläktar. • Borttagande av kundvagnar samt tillhörande ställning. • Installation av fler rökdetektorer på ovanvåningen. Åtgärder som bör genomföras • Specifika evakueringsplatser för personer med rörelsehinder bör ordnas på ovanvåningens trappavsats. • Installation av fler rökdetektorer på bottenplan

Accurate quantification of pulmonary perfusion ratio in children with congenital heart disease using partial volume corrected 4D flow cardiac magnetic resonance

BackgroundIn children with congenital heart disease (CHD), lung scintigraphy is the reference standard for evaluation of pulmonary perfusion. 4D flow CMR offers a non-ionizing alternative. Due to the intrinsic limitation in the spatial resolution, however, 4D flow may display clinically unacceptable differences compared to the reference standard. This case study aims to highlight the importance of correcting for such partial volume errors to accurately evaluate pulmonary perfusion in small pulmonary arteries.MethodsChildren with CHD, mainly those with transposition of the great arteries or tetralogy-of-Fallot, referred to CMR from 2020 to 2022 at our clinic, were retrospectively reviewed; n = 37. All patients had been examined with a free breathing, motion-corrected 4D flow protocol. Comparison in pulmonary perfusion (PPR: relative flow through right and left pulmonary arteries) with scintigraphy were performed both for 4D flow before and after partial volume correction.ResultsPatients with large pulmonary arteries, 76%, displayed small differences in PPR between modalities (<20%), while patients with arteries of only a few pixels, 24%, displayed differences up to 178%, depending on the relative difference in size between the right and left pulmonary artery. Differences were effectively reduced after partial volume correction (<21%).ConclusionThe present report shows that 4D flow is a promising tool to accurately evaluate the pulmonary perfusion in children with CHD, but that partial volume correction is warranted to overcome its limitation in the spatial resolution. Without such correction, lung scintigraphy is still recommended to ensure high diagnostic certainty in children with small pulmonary arteries

Bis 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one silver(I) nitrate: synthesis, X-ray structures, solution chemistry, hydrogel loading, DNA coupling and anti-bacterial screening

Synthesis of bis-4,5-diazafluoren-9-one silver(I) nitrate I (dafone = 4,5-diazafluoren-9-one) and the low temperature X-ray single crystal structure of [Ag(4,5-diazafluoren-9-one)₂NO₃], crystal form 1, and a re-determination of [Ag(4,5-diazafluoren-9-one)₂]NO₃ . H₂O, crystal form 2 are presented. Crystal form 1 has a distorted trigonal planar coordination geometry around Ag(I) with an N-Ag-N bond angle of 123.45(7)^o. Crystal form 2 has a perfect linear coordination around Ag, with N-Ag-N 180.0^o. Compound I was characterized by ¹H-NMR, biological activity and ESI-MS in DMSO at room temperature. The biological activity was determined against 6 different resistant clinical isolates; two Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes) and four Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Salmonella sp.) in comparison with 15 known antibiotics used in the treatment of diabetic foot infections. Compound I showed broad spectrum activity against all the test organisms. P. mirabilis and S. aureus and K. pneumoniae were the most sensitive clinical isolates (MIC = 4, 6 and 4 μg ml^-1, respectively). Three different hydrogels containing I or Ag₂SO₄ were prepared and the antimicrobial activity against Ps. aeruginosa (ATCC 15442) compared, showing more or less equal activity on a weight basis, but I seems to have a significant better performance per silver ion. The Ag(I) complex also binds more effectively to calf thymus DNA than the dafone ligand itself