IL-1/IL-1R Signaling in head and neck cancer

Decades ago, the study of cancer biology was mainly focused on the tumor itself, paying little attention to the tumor microenvironment (TME). Currently, it is well recognized that the TME plays a vital role in cancer development and progression, with emerging treatment strategies focusing on different components of the TME, including tumoral cells, blood vessels, fibroblasts, senescent cells, inflammatory cells, inflammatory factors, among others. There is a well-accepted relationship between chronic inflammation and cancer development. Interleukin-1 (IL-1), a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine commonly found at tumor sites, is considered one of the most important inflammatory factors in cancer, and has been related with carcinogenesis, tumor growth and metastasis. Increasing evidence has linked development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with chronic inflammation, and particularly, with IL-1 signaling. This review focuses on the most important members of the IL-1 family, with emphasis on how their aberrant expression can promote HNSCC development and metastasis, highlighting possible clinical applications

Análisis inmunohistoquímico de p53 y Ki67 en carcinomas espinocelulares bien diferenciados y carcinomas verrucosos de la mucosa oral

Tesis (Magíster en Odontología, Especialización en Patología, Diagnóstico y Medicina Oral)El estudio de la patogénesis molecular del cáncer oral puede ayudar a buscar marcadores moleculares que pudiesen predecir el comportamiento clínico de un tumor (1 ). Recientes avances en biología celular han elucidado mecanismos precisos de sistemas de regulación del ciclo celular, y han mostrado que la proliferación celular no regulada es una característica común de muchos cánceres. El ciclo celular está regulado no sólo por varias ciclinas, complejos de cinasas dependientes de ciclinas (Cdk) e inhibidores de COK, como p16, p15 y p21 , sino que también por genes supresores de tumores. como pRb y p53, y otras proteínas asociadas al ciclo celular (2). Además, existen otro tipo de proteínas, denominadas proteínas de proliferación celular, como Ki-67, PCNA, que están estrictamente relacionadas con la división celular, y se han visto fuertemente vinculadas en el desarrollo de algunos cánceres (3). Un buen entendimiento de la carcinogénesis oral es importante para el establecimiento de nuevas estrategias de tratamiento. Actualmente se están realizando más estudios para medir la expresión de distintas proteínas relacionadas con la inhibición y estimulación del ciclo celular en carcinomas espinocelulares orales, aunque son escasos en carcinomas verrucosos orales, por lo que queda todavía mucho por clarificar

Senescent Cells in Cancer: Wanted or Unwanted Citizens

Over recent decades, the field of cellular senescence has attracted considerable attention due to its association with aging, the development of age-related diseases and cancer. Senescent cells are unable to proliferate, as the pathways responsible for initiating the cell cycle are irreversibly inhibited. Nevertheless, senescent cells accumulate in tissues and develop a pro-inflammatory secretome, known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which can have serious deleterious effects if not properly regulated. There is increasing evidence suggesting senescent cells contribute to different stages of carcinogenesis in different anatomical sites, mainly due to the paracrine effects of the SASP. Thus, a new therapeutic field, known as senotherapeutics, has developed. In this review, we aim to discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the senescence response and its relationship with cancer development, focusing on the link between senescence-related inflammation and cancer. We will also discuss different approaches to target senescent cells that might be of use for cancer treatment

Senescent cells in cancer : wanted or unwanted citizens

Over recent decades, the field of cellular senescence has attracted considerable attention due to its association with aging, the development of age-related diseases and cancer. Senescent cells are unable to proliferate, as the pathways responsible for initiating the cell cycle are irreversibly inhibited. Nevertheless, senescent cells accumulate in tissues and develop a pro-inflammatory secretome, known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which can have serious deleterious effects if not properly regulated. There is increasing evidence suggesting senescent cells contribute to different stages of carcinogenesis in different anatomical sites, mainly due to the paracrine effects of the SASP. Thus, a new therapeutic field, known as senotherapeutics, has developed. In this review, we aim to discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the senescence response and its relationship with cancer development, focusing on the link between senescencerelated inflammation and cancer. We will also discuss different approaches to target senescent cells that might be of use for cancer treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/journal/cellsam2022Oral Pathology and Oral Biolog

World workshop on oral medicine VIII: Development of a core outcome set for dry mouth: A systematic review of outcome domains for salivary hypofunction

Objective To identify all outcome measures used to assess salivary gland hypofunction (i.e.: objective measures used to determine actual changes in saliva quantity or to assess response to treatment of salivary gland hypofunction) and to group these into domains. Study Design A systematic review including clinical trials, and prospective or retrospective observational studies involving human participants with dry mouth, with any type of intervention where objective assessment of salivary gland hypofunction was described. Results Five hundred fifty-three studies involving 31,507 participants were identified. The majority assessed both salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia (68.7%), whilst 31.3% assessed salivary gland hypofunction alone. The majority of studies investigated ‘amount of saliva’ and the highest number of outcome measures was within the domain ‘clinical/objective signs of salivary gland hypofunction’. Conclusions Seven domains encompassing 30 outcome measures were identified, confirming the diversity in outcomes and outcome measures used in research regarding salivary gland hypofunction. Identified items will be used in conjunction with those identified regarding xerostomia to create a COS for dry mouth quantification for use in future clinical trials, with the overall goal of improving the standardization of reporting, leading to the establishment of more robust evidence for the management of dry mouth and improving patient care