Bologna Molina, Ronell

Cavalieri Gomes, Carolina

Gomez, Ricardo Santiago

González  Arriagada, Wilfredo Alejandro

Mikami, Toshinari

Niklander, Sven E.

English

PubMed

Bologna-Molina, Ronell

LAReferencia - Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas Latinoamericanas

EDITORIALpublished: 25 February 2022doi: 10.3389/froh.2022.845557Frontiers in Oral Health | www.frontiersin.org 1 February 2022 | Volume 3 | Article 845557Edited and reviewed by:Ricardo D. Coletta,Campinas State University, Brazil*Correspondence:Toshinari Mikamimikami@paxcreation-med.comSpecialty section:This article was submitted toOral Cancers,a section of the journalFrontiers in Oral HealthReceived: 29 December 2021Accepted: 18 January 2022Published: 25 February 2022Citation:Mikami T, González-Arriagada WA,Niklander SE, Gomes CC, Gomez RSand Bologna-Molina R (2022)Editorial: Odontogenic Tumors.Front. Oral. Health 3:845557.doi: 10.3389/froh.2022.845557Editorial: Odontogenic TumorsToshinari Mikami 1,2*, Wilfredo Alejandro González-Arriagada 3, Sven E. Niklander 4,Carolina Cavalieri Gomes 5, Ricardo Santiago Gomez 6 and Ronell Bologna-Molina 71 Pax Creation Medical Lab, Morioka, Japan, 2Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Lab Central College of Stomatology, ChinaMedical University, Shenyang, China, 3 Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile, 4 Facultad deOdontología, Unidad de Patología y Medicina Oral, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile, 5Department of Pathology,Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, 6 Faculty of Dentistry, Departmentof Oral Surgery and Pathology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, 7 Facultad de Odontología,Laboratorio de Patología Molecular Estomatológica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, UruguayKeywords: odontogenic tumor, ameloblastoma, malignant odontogenic tumor, genetic mutation, diagnosis,conservative treatment, metabolic pathwayEditorial on the Research TopicOdontogenic TumorsThere is always controversy about the boundaries of odontogenic tumor classification, whether agiven lesion is a hamartoma, a benign tumor, or a malignant tumor. A true tumor should havemutations or epigenetic abnormalities in genes related to cell growth. Experimental elucidationof the pathogenesis and progression of tumors is essential for correct tumor classification,histopathological diagnosis, and appropriate treatment. However, the establishment of cell linesfor benign odontogenic tumors is technically challenging and malignant odontogenic tumors arerare. In addition, since many odontogenic tumors occur within the jawbone, their genetic materialsare often damaged by demineralization during the tissue processing for pathological examination.Therefore, it is still important to consider the pathogenesis of odontogenic tumors based ondetailed observation of case series, histopathological analysis, protein expression analysis, and thedevelopmental process of normal teeth. The aim of this Research Topic on “Odontogenic Tumors”in Frontiers in Oral Health was to introduce new insights into genetic alterations and proteinexpression abnormalities that may be associated with the development of benign and malignantodontogenic tumors, including hamartomatous lesions. This article collection includes a series ofseven articles that discuss the pathogenesis of odontogenic tumors from various perspectives.As odontogenic tumors are derived from cells of the tooth forming apparatus and their remnants[1], when discussing the pathogenesis of odontogenic tumors, it is important to consider theage-related changes in these cells. Therefore, the understanding and contextualization of theage-related changes may be an approach to understanding the biology of the odontogenic tumors.In this context, Bastos et al. assessed age-related changes in metabolic pathways of dental folliclesassociated with unerupted/impacted mandibular third molars. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embeddeddental follicles from young (<16 y.o., n= 13) and adult (>26 y.o., n= 7) individuals were analyzedby high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics.Multivariate and univariate analyses were conducted, and the prediction of altered pathways wasperformed by mummichog and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis approaches. Dental follicles fromyoung and older individuals showed differences in pathways related to C21-steroid hormonebiosynthesis, bile acid biosynthesis, galactose metabolism, androgen and estrogen biosynthesis,starch and sucrose metabolism and lipoate metabolism. These findings highlight the importanceof the differences in the activity of metabolic pathways related to advanced age, which isfundamental knowledge that should be taken into account when examining the pathogenesis ofodontogenic tumors.Mikami et al. Editorial: Odontogenic TumorsOdontogenic tumors can be classified into three categoriesaccording to the tissue of origin: epithelial, mesenchymal,and mixed tumors. However, depending on the stage ofdifferentiation in tooth development, tumors may show varioushistological characteristics, making classification and definitivediagnosis difficult. Non-calcifying Langerhans cell rich variantof calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (NCLC-CEOT) andamyloid rich variant of central odontogenic fibroma (AR-COF)share many similar clinicopathological features. Tseng et al.clinicopathologically reviewed reported cases of NCLC-CEOTand AR-COF published between 1958 and 2021. The resultsindicated that they are most likely to be the same diseaseentity showing overlapping clinicopathological features withCOF rather than CEOT.The identification of genetic alterations, especially thosespecific to a tumor, is useful not only for clarifying thepathogenesis of a specific lesion but also for the understandingof its biologic features, and for the establishment of a definitivediagnosis. Guimarães et al. performed a detailed revisionof MAPK/ERK genetic mutations in benign and malignantodontogenic tumors, and Marín et al. reviewed somaticmutations of ameloblastoma and adenomatoid odontogenictumor (AOT). KRAS mutations were identified in 75.9%of AOTs, mainly G12V; whereas BRAF mutations wereidentified in ameloblastomas, mainly V600E. Amaral-Silva etal. immunohistochemically investigated the expression of DNAmethyltransferases (DNMTs) and the histone modificationH3K9ac, which are epigenetic markers, in dental follicles,ameloblastomas and ameloblastic carcinomas. InterestinglyDNMT3B expression was higher in ameloblastomas comparedto dental follicles, while ameloblastic carcinomas overexpressedall proteins. Based on these findings, Amaral-Silva et al.suggested DNA methylation and histone modification to playa role in the development, aggressiveness and recurrenceof ameloblastomas.Malignant odontogenic tumors are extremely rare neoplasms.They arise either de novo from the tooth forming tissues,their developmental residues or from existing odontogenicepithelial or mesenchymal neoplasms. Marin et al. systematicallyreviewed 312 articles which included 507 patients with malignantodontogenic tumors and described the clinical and pathologicalfeatures of the lesions emphasizing problematic areas in diagnosisand classification. The most commonly reported tumor wasameloblastic carcinoma (25.7% of all diagnoses), but there wasconsiderable variation in how and when various diagnostic termswere used. Several misdiagnoses were also reported. Cervicallymph nodes were the most common site of metastasis and thelungs were the most common organ affected with metastasizingameloblastoma. Overall, 26.8% of patients developed recurrence.Because odontogenic tumors arise within the jawbone, thetreatment, which is surgical in almost all cases, is highly invasive,even in the case of benign tumors or hamartomas. Sometimesextensive and mutilating surgical treatments can drastically affectthe quality of life of the patient. Ameloblastoma is one ofthe most common odontogenic tumors, however, due to itshigh level of recurrence, the optimal therapeutic managementis still controversial. Rocha et al. evaluated the reliability andeffectiveness of two conservative surgical therapeutic protocolsfor the management of ameloblastomas, curettage only andcurettage plus cryotherapy. Conservative curettage, even withoutadjuvant cryotherapy, was found as a valid alternative in thetreatment of ameloblastomas. There were few recurrences andacceptable post-operatory complications that could be easilymanaged than those experienced after wide resections. In thestudy of odontogenic tumors, the ultimate goal is to establish anoptimized treatment method that will benefit the patient.In conclusion, this Research Topic provides a variety ofnew insights into benign and malignant odontogenic tumors,ranging from genetic abnormalities to tumor characteristics,diagnosis, and treatment. The papers that comprise thisResearch Topic have greatly contributed to our furtherunderstanding of the pathogenesis and progression mechanismsof odontogenic tumors.AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONSTM and RB-M drafted and further revised the manuscript.WG-A and SN critically reviewed the manuscript andsignificantly improved it. CG and RG have critically reviewedit. All authors listed have read this editorial and approved itfor publication.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSCG is a research fellow at the Brazilian National Council forScientific and Technological Development (CNPq)/Brazil.REFERENCES1. El-Naggar AK, Chan JKC, Grandis JR, Takata T, Slootweg PJ. World HealthOrganization Classification of Head and Neck Tumours. Vol. 9. 4th ed. Lyon:IARC (2017).Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that the research was conducted in theabsence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as apotential conflict of interest.Publisher’s Note: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authorsand do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those ofthe publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated inthis article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed orendorsed by the publisher.Copyright © 2022 Mikami, González-Arriagada, Niklander, Gomes, Gomezand Bologna-Molina. This is an open-access article distributed under the termsof the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distributionor reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s)and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication inthis journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use,distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with theseterms.Frontiers in Oral Health | www.frontiersin.org 2 February 2022 | Volume 3 | Article 845557

Editorial: Odontogenic Tumors

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Editorial: Odontogenic Tumors

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