Lämpötilan valvonta- ja hallintajärjestelmä

Työn tarkoitus on rakentaa ohjelmisto digitemp-mittareiden hallintaan ja lämpötilojen valvontaan. Satakunnan ammattikorkeakoululla on käytössä lämpömittareita palvelintiloissa lämpötilojen tarkkailua varten. Tällä hetkellä jokainen mittaritietokone on erillään toisistaan ja hälytysjärjestelmä on jokseenkin alkeellinen sekä hankala hallita. Ohjelmisto koostuu kolmesta osasta. Asiakasohjelmasta mittarin päähän, palvelinohjelmasta palvelimelle sekä nettikäyttöliittymästä. Ohjelma toimii siten, että mittarikone lähettää tietoa palvelimelle, joka tallennetaan tietokantaan ja sitä hallitaan ja luetaan web:n kautta. Järjestelmä vaatii käyttäjätunnuksen, johon liitetään puhelinnumero sekä sähköposti. Kun lämpötila nousee yli sallitun rajan aiheutuu hälytys, jolloin lähtee sähköposti ja tekstiviesti mittariin liitetyille henkilöille. Web-käyttöliittymästä voi hallita käyttäjiä sekä katsoa graafista historiaa lämpötiloista.The purpose of this work was to build an application to manage Digitemp probes and to monitor temperatures. Satakunta University of Applied Sciences uses Digitemp probes to monitor temperatures in server rooms. Currently each computer is apart from each other and the alarm system is somewhat rudimentary and also hard to manage. The application consists of three parts. These are a client program to probe computers, a server program for the server and a web interface. The client will send data to the server which saves it into the database. The data is then viewed and controlled through the web interface. The system requires users. Every user has an e-mail address and a phone number. When the temperature of a probe rises above the allowed limits, the system sends an alarm through e-mail and an SMS to users linked with the probe. The web interface is used to manage users and view the temperature data

Opettajien käsitykset monikielisyydestä : heijastumia koulun kielipolitiikasta

This article examines teachers’ views (N = 2,864) on school multilingualism. The results have been analyzed using statistical methods and the conceptual frameworks of Spolsky’s language policy and Ruíz’s language orientations. The respondents were divided into three groups: positive (18%), deliberating (34%) and cautious (48%). The teachers’ language orientations were analyzed using three sum variables: teacher’s use of multiple languages, student’s use of multiple languages, and schools’ language attitudes. Classroom teachers were more positive about multilingualism than subject teachers and there were more teachers with cautious attitudes in schools where the number of foreign-language pupils was less than 5%. Additionally, the attitudes to multilingualism were more permissive in Swedish-speaking than in Finnish-speaking schools. Overall, the analysis of teachers’ views suggested that language policies vary. Finally, the individual respondents’ views did not fully correspond to any of Ruíz’s formulated language orientations.Peer reviewe

Chromosome 8q24 markers: Risk of early-onset and familial prostate cancer

Recent admixture mapping and linkage/association studies have implicated an ∼1 Mb region on chromosome 8q24 in prostate cancer susceptibility. In a subsequent follow-up investigation, Haiman et al. (Nat Genet 2007;39:638-44) observed significant, independent associations between 7 markers within this region and sporadic prostate cancer risk in a multi-ethnic sample. To clarify the risk associated with hereditary prostate cancer, we tested for prostate cancer association with 6 of these 7 markers in a sample of 1,015 non-Hispanic white men with and without prostate cancer from 403 familial and early-onset prostate cancer families. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs6983561 and rs6983267 showed the strongest evidence of prostate cancer association. Using a family-based association test, the minor (“C”) allele of rs6983561 and the major (“G”) allele of rs6983267 were preferentially transmitted to affected men ( p < 0.05), with estimated odds ratios (ORs) of 2.26 (95% confidence interval of 1.06–4.83) and 1.30 (95% confidence interval of 0.99–1.71), respectively, for an additive model. Notably, rs6983561 was significantly associated with prostate cancer among men diagnosed at an early (<50 years) but not later age ( p = 0.03 versus p = 0.21). Similarly, the association with rs6983267 was (not) statistically significant among men with(out) clinically aggressive disease ( p = 0.007 versus p = 0.34). Our results confirm the association of prostate cancer with several of the SNPs on chromosome 8q24 initially reported by Haiman et al. In addition, our results suggest that the increased risk associated with these SNPs is approximately doubled in individuals predisposed to develop early onset or clinically aggressive disease. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/58546/1/23471_ftp.pd

Homological tree-based strategies for image analysis

Homological characteristics of digital objects can be obtained in a straightforward manner computing an algebraic map φ over a finite cell complex K (with coefficients in the finite field F2={0,1}) which represents the digital object [9]. Computable homological information includes the Euler characteristic, homology generators and representative cycles, higher (co)homology operations, etc. This algebraic map φ is described in combinatorial terms using a mixed three-level forest. Different strategies changing only two parameters of this algorithm for computing φ are presented. Each one of those strategies gives rise to different maps, although all of them provides the same homological information for K. For example, tree-based structures useful in image analysis like topological skeletons and pyramids can be obtained as subgraphs of this forest

Opettajien käsitykset oppimateriaalien kulttuuri-, katsomus- ja kielitietoisuudesta

Non peer reviewe

Oppimateriaalien kulttuuri-, katsomus- ja kielitietoisuus

Non peer reviewe

"Pay Now, Argue Later" Rule – Before and After the Tax Administration Act

The South African Revenue Service (SARS) is entrusted with the duty of collecting tax on behalf of the South African government. In order to ensure effective and prompt collection of taxes, the payment of tax is not suspended pending an objection or an appeal, unless directed otherwise. This is also known as the "pay now, argue later" rule, and, for value-added tax purposes, is provided for in terms of section 36 of the Value-Added Tax Act 89 of 1991. The "pay now, argue later" rule in terms of section 36 of the Value-Added Tax Act prima facie infringes on a taxpayer's right of access to the courts as envisaged in section 34 of the Constitution. This is due to the fact that a taxpayer is obliged to pay tax before being afforded the opportunity to challenge the assessment in a court. In Metcash Trading Ltd v Commissioner for the South African Revenue Service, the Constitutional Court held the "pay now, argue later" rule in terms of section 36 to be constitutional. Olivier, however, does not agree with the court on several matters. Amongst the problems she indicates are that the taxpayer does not have access to the courts at the time the rule is invoked, and that the court did not consider the fact that there might be less invasive means available which would ensure that SARS's duty is balanced with the taxpayer's right of access to the courts. Guidelines were also issued which provide legal certainty regarding the factors SARS may consider in determining whether the payment of tax should be suspended or not. These guidelines also evoked some points of criticism. Since 1 October 2012, the "pay now, argue later" rule has been applied in terms of section 164 of the Tax Administration Act 28 of 2011. The question arises whether this provision addresses the problems identified in respect of section 36 of the Value-Added Tax Act and the guidelines. In comparing these sections, only slight differences emerged. The most significant difference is that section 164(6) of the Tax Administration Act stipulates that the enforcement of tax be suspended for a period when SARS is considering a request for suspension. Section 164(6) does not provide a solution to the problems identified regarding section 36 of the Value-Added Tax Act. It is even possible that this section could give rise to further problems. Therefore, the legislature has failed to address the imbalance between the duties of SARS and the right of a taxpayer to access the courts.   

Connectivity forests for homological analysis of digital volumes

In this paper, we provide a graph-based representation of the homology (information related to the different “holes” the object has) of a binary digital volume. We analyze the digital volume AT-model representation [8] from this point of view and the cellular version of the AT-model [5] is precisely described here as three forests (connectivity forests), from which, for instance, we can straightforwardly determine representative curves of “tunnels” and “holes”, classify cycles in the complex, computing higher (co)homology operations,... Depending of the order in which we gradually construct these trees, tools so important in Computer Vision and Digital Image Processing as Reeb graphs and topological skeletons appear as results of pruning these graphs