Low-energy electric dipole response in 120Sn

The electric dipole strength in 120Sn has been extracted from proton inelastic scattering experiments at E_p = 295 MeV and at forward angles including 0 degree. Below neutron threshoild it differs from the results of a 120Sn(gamma,gamma') experiment and peaks at an excitation energy of 8.3 MeV. The total strength corresponds to 2.3(2)% of the energy-weighted sum rule and is more than three times larger than what is observed with the (gamma,gamma') reaction. This implies a strong fragmentation of the E1 strength and/or small ground state branching ratios of the excited 1- states.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figure

Dipole polarizability of 120Sn and nuclear energy density functionals

The electric dipole strength distribution in 120Sn between 5 and 22 MeV has been determined at RCNP Osaka from a polarization transfer analysis of proton inelastic scattering at E_0 = 295 MeV and forward angles including 0{\deg}. Combined with photoabsorption data an electric dipole polarizability \alpha_D(120Sn) = 8.93(36) fm^3 is extracted. The dipole polarizability as isovector observable par excellence carries direct information on the nuclear symmetry energy and its density dependence. The correlation of the new value with the well established \alpha_D(208Pb) serves as a test of its prediction by nuclear energy density functionals (EDFs). Models based on modern Skyrme interactions describe the data fairly well while most calculations based on relativistic Hamiltonians cannot.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

A Detailed Investigation on Highly Dense CuZr Bulk Metallic Glasses for Shielding Purposes

Gamma-ray shielding properties of eight different metallic glasses based on CuxZr100-x: x = 35 (Cu35Zr65) - 70 (Cu70Zr30) were determined using Monte Carlo simulations and Phy-X/PSD software. A typical gamma-ray transmission setup has been modeled in MCNPX Monte Carlo code. The general trend of the linear attenuation coefficients (μ) was reported as (μ)Cu35Zr65 (MFP,HVL)Cu40Zr60 > (MFP,HVL)Cu45Zr55 > (MFP,HVL)Cu50Zr50 > (MFP,HVL)Cu55Zr45 > (MFP,HVL)Cu60Zr40 > (MFP,HVL)Cu65Zr35 > (MFP,HVL)Cu70Zr30 for all photon energy range. The Cu70Zr30 sample showed maximum values of both the effective conductivity (C eff) and effective electron density (N eff). In addition, the Cu70Zr30 sample has minimum exposure and energy absorption buildup factor (EBF and EABF) values at all studied gamma-ray energies. The results revealed that the Cu70Zr30 sample has superior attenuation properties among all studied samples. © 2022 Huseyin Ozan Tekin et al., published by De Gruyter.This work was performed under Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project Number (PNURSP2022R149), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The authors express their sincere gratitude to Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University

Transmission Factor (TF) Behavior of Bi2O3–TeO2–Na2O–TiO2–ZnO Glass System: A Monte Carlo Simulation Study

The main objective of the present work was to assess the gamma radiation shielding competencies and gamma radiation transmission factors (TFs) for some tellurite glasses in the form of Bi2O3–TeO2–Na2O–TiO2–ZnO. MCNPX general-purpose Monte Carlo code (version 2.6.0) was utilized for the determination of TF values at various well-known radioisotope energies for different glass thicknesses from 0.5 cm to 3 cm. Moreover, some important gamma ray shielding properties were also determined in the 0.015–15 MeV energy range. The results show that glass densities were improved from 5.401 g/cm3 to 6.138 g·cm3 as a function of Bi2O3 increment in the glass composition. A S5 glass sample with the maximum Bi2O3 additive was reported with superior gamma ray shielding properties among the studied glasses. It can be concluded that Bi2O3 can be used as a functional tool in terms of improving glass density and, accordingly, gamma ray shielding attenuation properties of tellurite glasses, where the role Bi2O3 is also critical for other material properties, such as structural, optical, and mechanical. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.This work was performed under Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project Number (PNURSP2022R149), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The authors express their sincere gratitude to Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University

Heavy metal oxide (HMO) glasses as an effective member of glass shield family: A comprehensive characterization on gamma ray shielding properties of various structures

Using advanced Monte Carlo simulation techniques and theoretical methodologies, a thorough investigation on the gamma-ray shielding properties of several heavy metal oxide glasses were performed. The general-purpose Monte Carlo code MCNPX (version 2.7.0) was used to simulate gamma-ray transmission to determine fundamental attenuation coefficients. The acquired findings were compared to Phy-X/PSD to confirm that the outputs were consistent. Additionally, other gamma-ray shielding parameters were computed and studied throughout a broad photon energy range of 0.015 MeV–15 MeV. From A to F glass samples, a sharp density increase from 5.99 g/cm3 to 8.9 g/cm3 was found. As a result, the F sample was found to have the highest linear attenuation coefficients. Our results indicate that increasing the amount of Bi reinforcement improved the material's overall gamma-ray attenuation properties. The F sample with the highest Bi reinforcement in its glass structure was subsequently shown to have superior gamma-ray shielding characteristics. Finally, we compared the F sample's half-value layer values to those of other commercial glass shields, various concretes, and other glass shields investigated in the literature. As a consequence of the benchmarking procedure, it has been determined that the F sample has better shielding capabilities than other shielding materials. It can be concluded that heavy metal oxide glasses offer apparent benefits in terms of more efficiently attenuating incoming gamma-rays. Additionally, it can be concluded that applying high Bi to heavy metal oxide glasses is a beneficial strategy for improving the gamma-ray attenuation capabilities of heavy metal oxide glasses. © 2022 The Author(s)Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, PNUAuthors express their sincere gratitude to Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project

β-delayed γ-proton decay in 56Zn: analysis of the charged-particle spectrum

A study of the beta decay of the proton-rich T-z = 2 nucleus Zn-56 has been reported in a recent publication. A rare and exotic decay mode, beta-delayed gamma-proton decay, has been observed there for the first time in the fp shell. Here, we expand on some of the details of the data analysis, focussing on the charged particle spectrum

Enhancement of Gamma-Ray Shielding Properties in Cobalt-Doped Heavy Metal Borate Glasses: The Role of Lanthanum Oxide Reinforcement

The direct influence of La3+ ions on the gamma-ray shielding properties of cobalt-doped heavy metal borate glasses with the chemical formula 0.3CoO-(80-x)B2O3-19.7PbO-xLa2O3: x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 mol% was examined herein. Several significant radiation shielding parameters were evaluated. The glass density was increased from 3.11 to 3.36 g/cm3 with increasing La3+ ion content from 0 to 2 mol%. The S5 glass sample, which contained the highest concentration of La3+ ions (2 mol%), had the maximum linear (μ) and mass (μm) attenuation coefficients for all photon energies entering, while the S1 glass sample free of La3+ ions possessed the minimum values of μ and μm. Both the half value layer (T1/2) and tenth value layer (TVL) of all investigated glasses showed a sim-ilar trend of (T1/2, TVL)S1 > (T1/2, TVL)S2 > (T1/2, TVL)S3 > (T1/2, TVL)S4 > (T1/2, TVL)S5. Our results re-vealed that the S5 sample had the highest effective atomic number (Zeff) values over the whole range of gamma-ray energy. S5 had the lowest exposure (EBF) and energy absorption (EABF) build-up factor values across the whole photon energy and penetration depth range. Our findings give a strong indication of the S5 sample’s superior gamma-ray shielding characteristics due to the highest contribution of lanthanum oxide. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Funding: The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Kha-lid University for funding this work through the research group program under grant number R.G.P.1/1/42. The APC was covered by “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, Romania

High-resolution study of Gamow-Teller excitations in the Ca42(He3,t)Sc42 reaction and the observation of a “low-energy super-Gamow-Teller state”

Y. Fujita et al.; 15 pags.; 6 figs.; 7 tabs.; PACS number(s): 21.10.Hw, 25.55.Kr, 27.40.+z, 25.40.Ep© 2015 American Physical Society. To study the Gamow-Teller (GT) transitions from the Tz=+1 nucleus Ca42 to the Tz=0 nucleus Sc42, where Tz is the z component of isospin T, we performed a (p,n)-type (He3,t) charge-exchange reaction at 140 MeV/nucleon and scattering angles around 0. With an energy resolution of 29 keV, states excited by GT transitions (GT states) could be studied accurately. The reduced GT transition strengths B(GT) were derived up to the excitation energy of 13 MeV, assuming the proportionality between the cross sections at 0 and B(GT) values. The main part of the observed GT transition strength is concentrated in the lowest 0.611-MeV, Jπ=1+ GT state. All the other states at higher energies are weakly excited. Shell-model calculations could reproduce the gross feature of the experimental B(GT) distribution, and random-phase-approximation calculations including an attractive isoscalar interaction showed that the 0.611-MeV state has a collective nature. It was found that this state has all of the properties of a >low-energy super-Gamow-Teller state.> It is expected that low-lying Jπ=1+ GT states have T=0 in the Tz=0 nucleus Sc42. However, T=1 states are situated in a higher energy region. Assuming an isospin-analogous structure in A=42 isobars, analogous T=1, 1+ states are also expected in Ca42. Comparing the Ca42(He3,t)Sc42 and Ca42(p,p′) spectra measured at 0, candidates for T=1 GT states could be found in the 10-12-MeV region of Sc42. They were all weakly excited. The mass dependence of the GT strength distributions in Sc isotopes is also discussed.Y.F. also acknowledges the support of MEXT, Japan under Grants No. 18540270, No. 22540310, and No. 15K05104. Y.F. and B.R. are grateful for the support of the Japan-Spain collaboration program by JSPS and CSIC; A.A., E.E.A., and B.R. are thankful for the support of Spanish Ministry under Grants No. FPA2005-03993, No. FPA2008-06419-C02-01, and No. FPA2011-24553. G.S. acknowledges the support of TUBITAK, Turkey under Research Scholarship No. BIDEB 2214. J.M.D., C.J.G., R.M., G.P., and R.G.T.Z. are grateful for the support of the US NSF under Grants No. PHY-0606007 and No. PHY-0822648 (JINA). M.C., J.G., and A.K. acknowledge the support of the OTKA Foundation, Hungary, under Grant No. K106035. This work was in part supported by the RIKENCNS joint research project on large-scale nuclear-structure calculations.Peer Reviewe