Estudio de los hábitos alimentarios de una muestra de población con recursos económicos limitados, determinando diferencias asociadas a factores sociales y demográficos.

El patrón alimentario de una zona puede modificarse por la falta de recursos económicos y la educación nutricional. A pesar de que muchas instituciones ofrecen asistencia económica a personas con bajos ingresos, esta ayuda no se gestiona correctamente y no se siguen adecuadas estrategias de compra por la falta de conocimiento nutricional. Cruz Blanca está desarrollando en Huesca un programa de asistencia económica y formativa supervisado por alumnos del Grado en NHyD para enseñar a gestionar las ayudas. Para desarrollar este programa eficazmente, es necesario conocer los modelos alimentarios y si existen diferencias culturales. En este trabajo se estudió el patrón alimentario de una muestra de población con recursos limitados, para desarrollar un adecuado plan formativo adaptado a las necesidades de cada etnia

Neural Network Alterations Across Eating Disorders: A Narrative Review of fMRI Studies

Background: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has provided insight on how neural abnormalities are related to the symptomatology of the eating disorders (EDs): anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED). More specifically, an increasingly growing number of brain imaging studies has shed light on how functionally connected brain networks contribute not only to disturbed eating behavior, but also to transdiagnostic alterations in body/interoceptive perception, reward processing and executive functioning. Methods: This narrative review aims to summarize recent advances in fMRI studies of patients with EDs by highlighting studies investigating network alterations that are shared across EDs. Results and Conclusion: Findings on reward processing in both AN and BN patients point to the presence of altered sensitivity to salient food stimuli in striatal regions and to the possibility of hypothalamic inputs being overridden by top-down emotional-cognitive control regions. Additionally, innovative new lines of research suggest that increased activations in fronto-striatal circuits are strongly associated with the maintenance of restrictive eating habits in AN patients. Although significantly fewer studies have been carried out in patients with BN and BED, aberrant neural responses to both food cues and anticipated food receipt appear to occur in these populations. These altered responses, coupled with diminished recruitment of prefrontal cognitive control circuitry, are believed to contribute to the binge eating of palatable foods. Results from functional network connectivity studies are diverse, but findings tend to converge on indicating disrupted resting-state connectivity in executive networks, the default-mode network and the salience network across EDs

Visitor’s physical activity behaviour in protected natural areas: A case study of Alt Pirineu Natural Park, Spain

Recreational and sport activities in protected natural areas (PNA) have increased in recent years. Specific policies regulate PNA, thus are an appropriate time and environment to promote health and wellbeing through the practice of physical activity and sport. Identifying the visitors profile is essential in PNA to provide targeted programmes. The purpose of this study is to identify visitors’ profile in relation to the type and intensity of physical activity according to metabolic equivalent (MET) consumption in order to investigate the association between physical activity behaviour and visitors’ characteristics at Alt Pirineu Natural Park, Spain. Visitors to the Alt Pirineu Natural Park completed structured surveys to analyse their type and intensity of physical activity (independent outcome) according to the MET compendium in relation to the dependent outcomes such as: sociodemographic data and visiting behaviour. Visitors completed 1600 surveys from 16 accesses to the park during 12 months. One hundred thirty-five (8.6%) visitors reported sedentary activities (remaining at the park entrance), 129 (8.2%) light-intensity activities (driving 4x4 vehicle, fishing trout), 1036 (65.8%), moderate-intensity (hiking, mushrooming, riding ATV or motorbike, snow shoeing, downhill skiing) and 274 (17.4%) reported vigorous-intensity activities (trekking, climbing hills, MTB, Nordic skiing and ski touring). Twenty-six cases were discarded. The results were discussed in terms of visitors’ groups and management implication.<br

Crop rotation effects on weed communities of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) agricultural fields of the Flat Inland Pampa

Extensive grain crop production systems in the Flat inland Pampas mainly include soybean, double-crop wheat-soybean and maize in rotation. Due to difficult-to-control weed problems, farmers are tending to intensify the rotations in their fields by increasing the number of double crops or by including cover crops before the main crop. Land use intensification may be characterized using the intensification sequence index (ISI), which is the number of crops per year considering all crops sown in a particular periodPostprint (updated version

Observação em psicologia escolar: vivências em uma instituição pública de ensino superior e médio

It is about an experience of the curricular basic internship of observation in school psychology in a public higher and medium education institution in the south of Brazil, in this internship was made thirty hours of observation and the creation of an action plan align with the proposed internship. The main objective is reflecting about the experience lived in the internship of the course of psychology. The methodologic way (Will, 2012; Fortunato, 2018; Zimerman, 2004; Orrico, 2016) is quality order and descriptive methodologic, by this way the work feature in experience report. From the observations and construction of the experience report of an internship in a school of psychology, reflections came to the light of the research and are considered important to emphasize: a) The relevance of the bond for the strenghtening of the sense of belonging and welcoming for the research subject in the educational institutions in which they are inserted; b) The presence, attendance and the careful look from the school psychologist, as highlighted by the objectives of the National Student Assistance Program (Brasil, 2010); c) The problematization of ethical conduct (CFP, 2005) of the school psychologist as responsible for his interns. Furthermore, the importance of the role of school psychology in the institution in which the professional is inserted was perceived, for an active and welcoming position, effectively contributing to the support of the research subjects\u27 mental and academic well-being.Trata-se de uma experiência de estágio curricular básico de observação em Psicologia Escolar em uma instituição pública de ensino superior e médio no Sul do Brasil, na qual foram realizadas trinta horas de observação e a criação de um plano de ação, conforme a proposta do estágio. Objetiva-se refletir sobre a experiência vivida no estágio obrigatório do curso de psicologia. O trajeto metodológico (Will, 2012; Fortunato, 2018; Zimerman, 2004; Orrico, 2016) é de ordem qualitativa e cunho descritivo, caracterizando-se como relato de experiência. A partir das observações e construção do relato de experiência de um estágio em observação em psicologia escolar, reflexões vieram à luz da pesquisa, as quais se considera importante ressaltar: a) A relevância do vínculo para o fortalecimento do sentimento de pertencimento e acolhimento aos sujeitos da pesquisa nas instituições de ensino em que estão inseridos; b) A presença, acompanhamento e olhar de cuidado do psicólogo escolar, como ressaltam os objetivos do Programa Nacional de Assistência Estudantil (Brasil, 2010); c) A problematização da conduta ética (CFP, 2005) do psicólogo escolar como responsável por seus estagiários. Ademais, percebeu-se a importância do papel da psicologia escolar na instituição em que o profissional está inserido para uma posição ativa e acolhedora, contribuindo de forma efetiva para o auxílio do bem-estar mental e acadêmico dos sujeitos da pesquisa

Observação em psicologia escolar: vivências em uma instituição pública de ensino superior e médio

It is about an experience of the curricular basic internship of observation in school psychology in a public higher and medium education institution in the south of Brazil, in this internship was made thirty hours of observation and the creation of an action plan align with the proposed internship. The main objective is reflecting about the experience lived in the internship of the course of psychology. The methodologic way (Will, 2012; Fortunato, 2018; Zimerman, 2004; Orrico, 2016) is quality order and descriptive methodologic, by this way the work feature in experience report. From the observations and construction of the experience report of an internship in a school of psychology, reflections came to the light of the research and are considered important to emphasize: a) The relevance of the bond for the strenghtening of the sense of belonging and welcoming for the research subject in the educational institutions in which they are inserted; b) The presence, attendance and the careful look from the school psychologist, as highlighted by the objectives of the National Student Assistance Program (Brasil, 2010); c) The problematization of ethical conduct (CFP, 2005) of the school psychologist as responsible for his interns. Furthermore, the importance of the role of school psychology in the institution in which the professional is inserted was perceived, for an active and welcoming position, effectively contributing to the support of the research subjects' mental and academic well-being. &nbsp; Keywords: School Psychologist; Internship; Psychological Observation.Trata-se de uma experiência de estágio curricular básico de observação em Psicologia Escolar em uma instituição pública de ensino superior e médio no Sul do Brasil, na qual foram realizadas trinta horas de observação e a criação de um plano de ação, conforme a proposta do estágio. Objetiva-se refletir sobre a experiência vivida no estágio obrigatório do curso de psicologia. O trajeto metodológico (Will, 2012; Fortunato, 2018; Zimerman, 2004; Orrico, 2016) é de ordem qualitativa e cunho descritivo, caracterizando-se como relato de experiência. A partir das observações e construção do relato de experiência de um estágio em observação em psicologia escolar, reflexões vieram à luz da pesquisa, as quais se considera importante ressaltar: a) A relevância do vínculo para o fortalecimento do sentimento de pertencimento e acolhimento aos sujeitos da pesquisa nas instituições de ensino em que estão inseridos; b) A presença, acompanhamento e olhar de cuidado do psicólogo escolar, como ressaltam os objetivos do Programa Nacional de Assistência Estudantil (Brasil, 2010); c) A problematização da conduta ética (CFP, 2005) do psicólogo escolar como responsável por seus estagiários. Ademais, percebeu-se a importância do papel da psicologia escolar na instituição em que o profissional está inserido para uma posição ativa e acolhedora, contribuindo de forma efetiva para o auxílio do bem-estar mental e acadêmico dos sujeitos da pesquisa. &nbsp; Palavras-chave: Psicólogo Escolar; Estágio; Observação Psicológica

Different modulation of RPS6 phosphorylation by risperidone in striatal cells sub populations: involvement of the mTOR pathway in antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal symptoms in mice

Objective: Acute extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) are frequent and serious adverse reactions to antipsychotic (AP) drugs. Although the proposed mechanism is an excessive blockade of dopamine D2 receptors in the striatopallidal pathway of the striatum, previous studies implicated the mTOR pathway in the susceptibility to EPS. The objective of the present study is to analyze the mTOR-mediated response to risperidone in subpopulations of striatal neurons and its relationship to risperidone-induced motor side effects. Methods: Two mouse strains (A/J and DBA/2J) with different susceptibility to developing EPS were treated with risperidone 1 mg/kg for three consecutive days. Here we monitored, by double labeling immunohistochemistry, ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) phosphorylation (Ser235/236 and Ser244/247 sites), a marker of mTOR signaling, in the striatonigral pathway (D1-medium spiny neurons (MSNs)), the striatopallidal pathway (D2-MSNs) and striatal cholinergic interneurons. Results: We found that EPS-resistant DBA/2J mice show higher baseline levels of phosphoactivated rpS6 protein in striatal MSNs, compared with EPS-prone A/J mice. Moreover, risperidone differentially targeted rpS6 phosphorylation in direct and indirect pathway neurons in a strain-specific manner: a significant decrease in the phosphorylation of rpS6 at Ser235/236 and Ser240/244 in DRD1-MSNs EPS-resistant DBA/2J mice after; and a significant increase of phospho-Ser235/236-rpS6 in the striatopallidal pathway of the EPS-prone A/J mice in response to risperidone. Conclusions: Our results reveal the vital role of genetic background in the response to risperidone, and point to the mTOR pathway as an important factor in EPS susceptibility. Keywords: Schizophrenia, Antipsychotic, Risperidone, Extrapyramidal symptoms. mTOR pathway, Striatum, Medium spiny neuron

Knowledge management for systems biology a general and visually driven framework applied to translational medicine

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To enhance our understanding of complex biological systems like diseases we need to put all of the available data into context and use this to detect relations, pattern and rules which allow predictive hypotheses to be defined. Life science has become a data rich science with information about the behaviour of millions of entities like genes, chemical compounds, diseases, cell types and organs, which are organised in many different databases and/or spread throughout the literature. Existing knowledge such as genotype - phenotype relations or signal transduction pathways must be semantically integrated and dynamically organised into structured networks that are connected with clinical and experimental data. Different approaches to this challenge exist but so far none has proven entirely satisfactory.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>To address this challenge we previously developed a generic knowledge management framework, BioXM™, which allows the dynamic, graphic generation of domain specific knowledge representation models based on specific objects and their relations supporting annotations and ontologies. Here we demonstrate the utility of BioXM for knowledge management in systems biology as part of the EU FP6 BioBridge project on translational approaches to chronic diseases. From clinical and experimental data, text-mining results and public databases we generate a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) knowledge base and demonstrate its use by mining specific molecular networks together with integrated clinical and experimental data.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We generate the first semantically integrated COPD specific public knowledge base and find that for the integration of clinical and experimental data with pre-existing knowledge the configuration based set-up enabled by BioXM reduced implementation time and effort for the knowledge base compared to similar systems implemented as classical software development projects. The knowledgebase enables the retrieval of sub-networks including protein-protein interaction, pathway, gene - disease and gene - compound data which are used for subsequent data analysis, modelling and simulation. Pre-structured queries and reports enhance usability; establishing their use in everyday clinical settings requires further simplification with a browser based interface which is currently under development.</p

Inflammatory dysregulation of monocytes in pediatric patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder

BACKGROUND: Although the exact etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is unknown, there is growing evidence of a role for immune dysregulation in the pathophysiology of the disease, especially in the innate immune system including the microglia. To test this hypothesis, we studied inflammatory markers in monocytes from pediatric patients with OCD and from healthy controls. METHODS: We determined the percentages of total monocytes, CD16+ monocytes, and classical (CD14highCD16-), intermediate (CD14highCD16low), and non-classical (CD14lowCD16high) monocyte subsets in 102 patients with early-onset OCD and in 47 healthy controls. Moreover, proinflammatory cytokine production (GM-CSF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) was measured by multiplex Luminex analysis in isolated monocyte cultures, in basal conditions, after exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to stimulate immune response or after exposure to LPS and the immunosuppressant dexamethasone. RESULTS: OCD patients had significantly higher percentages of total monocytes and CD16+ monocytes than healthy controls, mainly due to an increase in the intermediate subset but also in the non-classical monocytes. Monocytes from OCD patients released higher amounts of GM-CSF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α than healthy controls after exposure to LPS. However, there were no significant differences in basal cytokine production or the sensitivity of monocytes to dexamethasone treatment between both groups. Based on monocyte subset distribution and cytokine production after LPS stimulation, patients receiving psychoactive medications seem to have an intermediate inflammatory profile, that is, lower than non-medicated OCD individuals and higher than healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: These results strongly support the involvement of an enhanced proinflammatory innate immune response in the etiopathogenesis of early-onset OCD

La restauración de la villa romana de La Ontavia (Terrinches, Ciudad Real)

En el mes de julio de 2010 se iniciaron las labores de conservación y restauración en el yacimiento romano de La Ontavia (Terrinches, Ciudad Real). Durante cuatro meses se han simultaneado estos trabajos con la excavación arqueológica, en la que han colaborado once alumnos de la Escuela Superior de Conservación y Restauración de Bienes Culturales de la Comunidad de Madrid, bajo la dirección del equipo técnico, realizando prácticas para completar su formación. La intervención llevada a cabo ha estado enfocada a minimizar el efecto de los agentes de deterioro a los que se halla expuesto el yacimiento, que se encuentra al aire libre. El presente artículo tiene como finalidad la difusión de los trabajos de conservación y restauración realizados durante esta campaña, prestando especial atención a la metodología y a los materiales utilizadosIn July 2010 conservation and restoration work began at the Roman site of La Ontavia (Terrinches, Ciudad Real). For four months, the work was carried out alongside the archaeological excavation, involving eleven students from the Madrid School of Cultural Asset Conservation and Restoration, doing work experience under the guidance of a technical team to complete their training. The intervention focused on minimising the effect of the deterioration factors that this open-air site has been exposed to. This article aims to provide a report of the conservation and restoration work carried out in this campaign, paying special attention to the methodology and materials use