Sistemas cognitivos asociados al proceso de aprendizaje-enseñanza del ingeniero mecánico: machine learning

El Ingeniero Mecánico ha de contar con una serie de Competencias adaptadas al nuevo modelo de Sistema de Producción Inteligente y Flexible, factor crítico de éxito en la Industria de Fabricación actual. El Aprendizaje Automático, o Machine Learning, relacionado con los Sistemas Cognitivos, acomete el Proceso de Enseñanza- Aprendizaje, teniendo en cuenta los Algoritmos necesarios para aprender a partir de la observación de datos. La Minería de Datos Educativos facilita la comprensión adecuada del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Resultando ser conveniente a la hora de diseñar experiencias de aprendizaje que se adapten mejor a las demandas actuales en formación para el Grado en Ingeniería Mecánica.The Mechanical Engineer must have competencies adapted to the new model of Intelligent and Flexible Production System, a critical success factor in the current Manufacturing Industry. The Automatic Learning, or Machine Learning, related to the Cognitive Systems, undertakes the Learning Process, taking into account the Algorithms necessary to learn from the observation of data. The Educational Data Mining facilitates the adequate understanding of learning and its environment. What turns out to be convenient in designing learning experiences for the Degree in Mechanical Engineering

Integration of GMR sensors with different technologies

Less than thirty years after the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect was described, GMR sensors are the preferred choice in many applications demanding the measurement of low magnetic fields in small volumes. This rapid deployment from theoretical basis to market and state-of-the-art applications can be explained by the combination of excellent inherent properties with the feasibility of fabrication, allowing the real integration with many other standard technologies. In this paper, we present a review focusing on how this capability of integration has allowed the improvement of the inherent capabilities and, therefore, the range of application of GMR sensors. After briefly describing the phenomenological basis, we deal on the benefits of low temperature deposition techniques regarding the integration of GMR sensors with flexible (plastic) substrates and pre-processed CMOS chips. In this way, the limit of detection can be improved by means of bettering the sensitivity or reducing the noise. We also report on novel fields of application of GMR sensors by the recapitulation of a number of cases of success of their integration with different heterogeneous complementary elements. We finally describe three fully functional systems, two of them in the bio-technology world, as the proof of how the integrability has been instrumental in the meteoric development of GMR sensors and their applications.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Synthesis and characterization of PET polymer resin for your application in concrete

Due to the problem that represents the accelerated production of waste from the consumption of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), it becomes necessary to look for alternative solutions; chemical recycling is a suitable method for conversion into a material with potential application in concrete additive, such as are unsaturated polyester resins; with the above improvements, and conservation of non-renewable raw materials can reduce the environmental impact. This investigation was focused on obtaining the synthesis of a polymeric resin by the method of glycolysis, and their characterization by Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR); the results show that the recycled materials (PET and its processing) are similar to reagents made from primary materials so that it is considered feasible to use in the intended application.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Evaluación de la carbonatación de concreto modificado con polímero, utilizando agregado grueso y tereftalato de polietileno reciclados

En este trabajo de investigación se han estudiado diferentes mezclas de concreto modificado con polímero, constituidas por agregado natural (AN) y un remplazo parcial de agregado grueso de concreto reciclado (AGR) del 25 %, con la adición de 9, 13 y 17% de resina polimérica sintetizada a partir de botellas de tereftalato de polietileno (PET por sus siglas en inglés) post-consumo a través de procesos de reciclaje mecánico y químico. Las probetas de concreto fabricadas fueron expuestas en una cámara de carbonatación acelerada por un lapso de nueve semanas y se determinó el avance del frente de carbonatación y constantes de carbonatación mediante mediciones periódicas por el método de indicador ácido-base con solución de fenolftaleína. La durabilidad del concreto es un factor de gran importancia en la evaluación de la eficiencia de éstos, por lo tanto se estudió la porosidad debido a que juega un papel determinante ya que representa el medio de incorporación de agentes agresivos como el CO2 para los elementos de concreto. De manera general se encontró que la adición de la resina polimérica permite reducir las constantes de carbonatación del concreto, otorgándole mayor durabilidad.Postprint (published version

Sin / Sense

Sexto desafío por la erradicación de la violencia contra las mujeres del Institut Universitari d’Estudis Feministes i de Gènere «Purificación Escribano» de la Universitat Jaume

Ahora / Ara

La cinquena edició del microrelatari per l’eradicació de la violència contra les dones de l’Institut Universitari d’Estudis Feministes i de Gènere «Purificación Escribano» de la Universitat Jaume I vol ser una declaració d’esperança. Aquest és el moment en el qual les dones (i els homes) hem de fer un pas endavant i eliminar la violència sistèmica contra les dones. Ara és el moment de denunciar el masclisme i els micromasclismes començant a construir una societat més igualitària. Cadascun dels relats del llibre és una denúncia i una declaració que ens encamina cap a un món millor

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Los cultivos de leche humana 5 años después de la primera propuesta de protocolo (I): una herramienta útil para la salud pública

[ES] La mastitis es un problema relativamente común durante la lactancia, pero la ausencia de pruebas específicas conduce a numerosos errores, tanto en el diagnóstico como en el tratamiento. Por tanto, los cultivos de leche representan una herramienta fundamental para conocer la epidemiología real de esta infección, realizar un diagnóstico correcto e instaurar el mejor tratamiento posible, evitando la excesiva medicalización, a menudo ineficaz, que suelen padecer las mujeres afectadas. Un artículo publicado en Acta Pediátrica Española hace 5 años ha sido la base de la sección 4 «Mastitis: diagnóstico microbiológico» del reciente protocolo número 54 («Diagnóstico microbiológico de la infección bacteriana asociada al parto y al puerperio») de la Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica. El objetivo de este artículo es responder a las dudas y controversias que, inevitablemente, suelen rodear a cualquier protocolo novedoso.[EN] Mastitis is a relatively common problem during the lactation period but the absence of specific tests frequently leads to errors both in the diagnosis and in the treatment. Consequently, milk cultures are a key tool in order to know the actual epidemiology of this infection, to get a correct diagnosis, and to prescribe the best treatment, thus reducing the excessive medicalization, often inefficient, that women with this condition usually receive. A paper published in Acta Pediátrica Española five years ago provided the basis for section 4 "Mastitis: microbiological diagnosis" of the protocol 54 ("Microbiological diagnosis of bacterial infection associated to delivery and puerperium") recently published by the Spanish Society for Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC). The objective of this article is providing answers to the doubts and controversial issues that unavoidably surround any novel protocol in any biomedical field.Peer reviewe

Human milk cultures five years after the first protocol proposal (II): Contribution to a reduction in the use of drugs during lactation

[ES] La mastitis es un problema relativamente común durante la lactancia, pero la ausencia de pruebas específicas conduce a numerosos errores tanto en el diagnóstico como en el tratamiento. Por tanto, los cultivos de leche parecen una herramienta fundamental para conocer la epidemiología real de esta infección, realizar un diagnóstico correcto e instaurar el mejor tratamiento posible. En esta segunda parte se describen seis casos prácticos que ponen de manifiesto la utilidad de los cultivos de leche para un correcto diag-nóstico y tratamiento de los problemas que aparecen durante la lactancia, así como su contribución a una reducción del uso de me-dicamentos durante esta etapa.[EN] Mastitis is a relatively common problem during lactation but the absence of specific tests frequently leads to errors both in the diagnosis and in the treatment. Consequently, milk cultures seem a key tool in order to know the actual epidemiology of this infec-tion, to get a correct diagnosis, and to prescribe the best treatment. In this part, six practical cases showing the usefulness of milk cultures for a correct diagnosis and treatment of problems arising during lactation are described. They reveal the contribution of milk cultures in reducing the use of unnecessary drugs during lactation.Peer reviewe

Diseño neuro-fractal del curriculum y procesos de enseñanza en Tecnología y Procesos Industriales

En este trabajo se define un paradigma innovador de diseño del currículum y los procesos de aprendizaje y enseñanza asociados a las demandas actuales de perfiles profesionales en el ámbito de la tecnología y los procesos industriales aplicados a Industria 4.0 e ICT (Information and communication technology). Dicho paradigma viene sustentado mediante los conocimientos actuales que aporta la neurociencia cognitiva al campo de la educación. Para este diseño, se tiene en cuenta la teoría de la actividad y un desarrollo fractal a lo largo de todo el proceso de diseño. Además, ya que esos perfiles profesionales se encuentran inmersos en la sociedad del conocimiento y la información, se hace uso del conectivismo. Insertándose la aportación realizada en el enfoque de aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida.In this work, an innovative paradigm of curriculum design and learning- teaching processes is defined. It is associated with current demands of professional profiles in the field of technology and industrial processes applied to Industry 4.0 and ICT. This paradigm is supported by the current knowledge that cognitive neuroscience brings to the field of education. For this design the activity theory is taken into account. It is self-replicated in a fractal way throughout the design process. In addition, as these professional profiles are immersed in the knowledge and information society, connectivism is used. Taking into account the approach of learning throughout life.Plan Propio de la Universidad de Sevilla Proyecto: 2017/0000096