Lideranças Intermédias: O Seu Papel na (Re)Construção de Uma Escola de Qualidade

Resumo: Com o presente estudo objetivou-se encontrar evidências documentais na literatura entre 2010 e 2016, com o intuito de responder à questão: Quais os contributos das lideranças intermédias na gestão e no funcionamento de um Agrupamento? Como metodologia de investigação utilizou-se a revisão sistemática baseada no PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta Analyses). Os resultados obtidos pela análise documental permitem-nos inferir que as lideranças intermédias estão configuradas nos Coordenadores de Escola, nos Coordenadores de Departamento e nos Diretores de Turma e cada vez mais comprometidas na consecução dos objetivos e das metas definidas nos documentos orientadores da escola, nomeadamente no Projeto Educativo e no Plano Anual de Atividades. Palavras chave: Lideranças intermédias, Escola de qualidade

Valorization of cork using subcritical water

UIDB/QUI/50006/2020 PD/BD/142863/2018 IF/01146/2015Granulated cork was submitted to subcritical water extraction/hydrolysis in a semi-continuous reactor at temperatures in the range of 120–200 ◦C and with a constant pressure of 100 bar. The influence of temperature on the composition of the cork extracts obtained was assessed—namely, their content of carbohydrates and phenolics. The extraction yield increased with the temperature, and this was associated with the decrease in the dielectric constant of water and the increase in its ionic product. Extracts composed of up to 36% phenolics were obtained at temperatures of up to 120 ◦C, with an antioxidant activity only two times lower than that of pure gallic acid, but in low amounts. Assays at higher temperatures generated extracts richer in carbohydrates and with a phenolics content of ca. 20 wt.% in comparatively far higher amounts. Neither the amount of suberin nor its structure were affected by the subcritical water treatment.publishersversionpublishe

Doença de Ménière : revisão de tratamento

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2019A Doença de Ménière é uma doença idiopática do ouvido interno caracterizada clinicamente por vertigem recorrente e incapacitante, hipoacusia neurossensorial, acufenos e sensação de plenitude auricular do ouvido afetado. Estima-se que esta doença afete 4.3 a 46 indivíduos por 100 000. Apesar de se manifestar mais frequentemente de forma unilateral, pode surgir de forma bilateral. As suas manifestações clínicas, especialmente a perda de acuidade auditiva e a vertigem, causam uma grande perda de qualidade de vida. Apesar da sua associação com hidrópsia endolinfática, a sua verdadeira etiologia permanece incerta, e a sua clínica com um padrão recorrente e variável dificulta o estabelecimento de terapêutica dirigida e eficaz. Atualmente, as diversas abordagens terapêuticas residem na melhoria sintomática, principalmente as crises vertiginosas. Embora a inexistência de evidência científica as que justifique, as alterações dietéticas e de estilo de vida, associada à toma de diuréticos e betahistina são frequentemente a primeira abordagem tomada. Com a progressão da doença e refratariedade ao tratamento médico otimizado, várias opções podem ser consideradas, como o recurso ao sistema de Meniett, o recurso a corticoterapia intra-timpânica e, por fim, abordagens mais invasivas, como a gentamicina intra-timpânica ou cirúrgia. A preferência por protocolos não ablativos é justificada pela possível progressão bilateral da doença. No entanto, as decisões clínicas devem sempre considerar a opinião do doente, assim como as suas co-morbilidades e o seus status funcional. Até à atualidade, um controlo sintomático vertiginoso foi demonstrado apenas com recurso a terapêuticas intra-timpânicas e cirúrgicas. Com o avançar do conhecimento, a possibilidade de colocação de implantes vestibulares ou o desenvolvimento de nanopartículas capazes de modificar diversos alvos moleculares sugerem um futuro promissor. Este trabalho resulta de uma revisão bibliográfica acerca dos conhecimentos atuais sobre o tratamento da Doença de Ménière e as suas perspetivas futuras.Ménière's disease is an idiopathic disease of the inner ear characterized clinically by recurrent and incapacitating vertigo, sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus and sensation of aural fullness of the affected ear. It is estimated that this disease affects 4.3 to 46 individuals per 100,000. Although it manifests most often unilaterally, it can occur bilaterally. Its clinical manifestations, especially hearing loss and vertigo, cause a great loss of quality of life. Despite its association with endolymphatic hydrops, its true etiology remains uncertain, and its clinic course with a recurrent and variable pattern makes it difficult to establish targeted and effective therapy. Currently, the various therapeutic approaches lie in the symptomatic improvement, especially dizziness and vertigo. Although the lack of scientific evidence, dietary and lifestyle changes associated with diuretics and betahistine are often the first approach taken. With the progression of the disease and refractoriness to optimized medical treatment, several options can be considered, such as the use of the Meniett system, intra-tympanic corticosteroids and, finally, more invasive approaches, like intra-tympanic gentamicin or surgery. The preference for non-ablative protocols is justified by the possible bilateral progression of the disease. However, clinical decisions should always consider the patient's opinion, as well as their comorbidities and functional status. To date, vertiginous symptomatic control has been demonstrated only with intra-tympanic and surgical therapies. With the advancement of knowledge, the possibility of placement of vestibular implants or the development of nanoparticles capable of modifying several molecular targets suggests a promising future. This work is the result of a bibliographical review of current knowledge about the treatment of Ménière's Disease and its future perspectives

Experimental Determination and Modeling of the Phase Behavior of the CO2 + Propionic Anhydride Binary System at High Pressure

The phase equilibrium of the binary system (CO2 + propionic anhydride) was determined experimentally at temperatures of 308, 313, and 323 K and pressures up to 10 MPa. Measurements were carried out in a high-pressure visual cell with variable volume. The experimental data were modeled using the Peng–Robinson equation of state and the Mathias–Klotz–Prausnitz mixing rule. A good correlation was achieved with this model, with a total average absolute deviation of 0.21%

A comparison between pure active pharmaceutical ingredients and therapeutic deep eutectic solvents: solubility and permeability studies

THEDES, so called therapeutic deep eutectic solvents are here defined as a mixture of two components, which at a particular molar composition become liquid at room temperature and in which one of them is an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). In this work, THEDES based on menthol complexed with three different APIs, ibuprofen (ibu), BA (BA) and phenylacetic acid (PA), were prepared. The interactions between the components that constitute the THEDES were studied by NMR, confirming that the eutectic system is formed by H-bonds between menthol and the API. The mobility of the THEDES components was studied by PFGSE NMR spectroscopy. It was determined that the self-diffusion of the species followed the same behavior as observed previously for ionic liquids, in which the components migrate via jumping between voids in the suprastructure created by punctual thermal fluctuations. The solubility and permeability of the systems in an isotonic solution was evaluated and a comparison with the pure APIs was established through diffusion and permeability studies carried out in a Franz cell. The solubility of the APIs when in the THEDES system can be improved up to 12 fold, namely for the system containing ibu. Furthermore, for this system the permeability was calculated to be 14 105 cm/s representing a 3 fold increase in comparison with the pure API. With the exception of the systems containing PA an increase in the solubility, coupled with an increase in permeability was observed. In this work, we hence demonstrate the efficiency of THEDES as a new formulation for the enhancement of the bioavailability of APIs by changing the physical state of the molecules from a solid dosage to a liquid system.he European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007- 2013) under grant agreement nREGPOT-CT2012-316331- POLARIS and from Project ‘‘Novel smart and biomimetic materials for innovative regenerative medicine approaches (Ref.: RL1 - ABMR - NORTE-01-0124-FEDER-000016)” co-financed by North Portugal Regional Operational Programme (ON.2 – O Novo Norte), under the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF), through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). Funding was also provided by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, through contracts LAQV-REQUIMTE: UID/QUI/50006/2013 and UCIBIOREQUIMTE: UID/Multi/04378/2013. This work was co-financed by the ERDF under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement (POCI-01- 0145-FEDER-007728).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Fundamental studies on natural deep eutectic solvents: physico-chemical, thermal and rheological properties

When combined at particular molar fractions, sugars, aminoacids or organic acids a present a high melting point depression, becoming liquids at room temperature. These are called Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents – NADES and are envisaged to play a major role on the chemical engineering processes of the future. Nonetheless, there is a significant lack of knowledge of its fundamental and basic properties, which is hindering their industrial applications. For this reason it is important to extend the knowledge on these systems, boosting their application development [1]. In this work, we have developed and characterized NADES based on choline chloride, organic acids, amino acids and sugars. Their density, thermal behavior, conductivity and polarity were assessed for different compositions. The conductivity was measured from 0 to 40 °C and the temperature effect was well described by the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann equation. The morphological characterization of the crystallizable materials was done by polarized optical microscopy that provided also evidence of homogeneity/phase separation. Additionally, the rheological and thermodynamic properties of the NADES and the effect of water content were also studied. The results show these systems have Newtonian behavior and present significant viscosity decrease with temperature and water content, due to increase on the molecular mobility. The anhydrous systems present viscosities that range from higher than 1000Pa.s at 20°C to less than 1Pa.s at 70°C. DSC characterization confirms that for water content as high as 1:1:1 molar ratio, the mixture retains its single phase behavior. The results obtained demonstrate that the NADES properties can be finely tunned by careful selection of its constituents. NADES present the necessary properties for use as extraction solvents. They can be prepared from inexpensive raw materials and tailored for the selective extraction of target molecules. The data produced in this work is hereafter importance for the selection of the most promising candidates avoiding a time consuming and expensive trial and error phase providing also data for the development of models able to predict their properties and the mechanisms that allow the formation of the deep eutectic mixtures.Rita Craveiro and Alexandre Paiva are grateful for financial support from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through the grants PTDC/EQUEPR/12191/2010/ENIGMA and SFRH/BPD/44946/2008. The research leading to these results has received funding from through the projects ENIGMA - PTDC/EQU-EPR/121491/2010, PTDC/QUI-QUI/119210/2010, PTDC/EQUEQU/122106/2010, PEst-C/EQB/LA0006/2013 from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n° REGPOT-CT2012-316331-POLARIS and from Project “Novel smart and biomimetic materials for innovative regenerative medicine approaches (Ref.: RL1 - ABMR - NORTE-01-0124-FEDER-000016)” co-financed by North Portugal Regional Operational Programme (ON.2 – O Novo Norte), under the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF), through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)

Production of esters by biocatalysed transesterification in supercritical CO2 and Hexane

The development of sustainable processes that use renewable raw materials and minimize chemical and energetic waste has attracted considerable attention and represents a great challenge to both academic researchers and industrial experts. The use of enzymes to catalyse chemical transformations can constitute a more sustainable alternative to some traditional chemical processes and more than 100 biotransformations are already operated at an industrial scale [1]. Lipases usually operate in mild conditions and can catalyse both hydrolytic and synthetic reactions, depending on the surrounding medium. The hydrolysis of esters can be performed in water, but the reverse production reactions are not favoured in this medium, and are usually performed in organic solvents. Supercritical CO2 can constitute a more sustainable alternative to organic solvents as a reaction medium, provided that it does not have a direct adverse effect on the enzyme's active site or significantly reduce its activity. Decyl acetate was chosen as a model compound and its production by a transesterification reaction catalysed by Novozym 435 (immobilized Candida Antarctica Lipase B) was studied in both hexane and supercritical CO2. A comparative analysis between these two alternatives was performed, focusing on the differences on the enzyme's catalytic activity, solubilities of the substrates and mass transfer rates; which significantly affect the outcome of the reaction process and its productivity and provide information on when such solvents can be used. [1] Straathof, A.J.J., Panke, S., Schmid, A. The production of fine chemicals by biotransformations. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 2002, 13(6), 548-556

Electrodialytic removal of tungsten and arsenic from secondary mine resources – Deep eutectic solvents enhancement

UID/AMB/04085/2019. LAQV UID/QUI/50006/2019. PD\BD\135170\2017. IF/01146/2015.Tungsten is a critical raw material for European and U.S. economies. Tungsten mine residues, usually considered an environmental burden due to e.g. arsenic content, are also secondary tungsten resources. The electrodialytic (ED) process and deep eutectic solvents (DES) have been successfully and independently applied for the extraction of metals from different complex environmental matrices. In this study a proof of concept demonstrates that coupling DES in a two-compartment ED set-up enhances the removal and separation of arsenic and tungsten from Panasqueira mine secondary resources. Choline chloride with malonic acid (1:2), and choline chloride with oxalic acid (1:1) were the DES that in batch extracted the average maximum contents of arsenic (16%) and tungsten (9%) from the residues. However, when ED was operated at a current intensity of 100 mA for 4 days, the extraction yields increased 22% for arsenic and 11% for tungsten, comparing to the tests with no current. From the total arsenic and tungsten extracted, 82% and 77% respectively were successfully removed from the matrix compartment, as they electromigrated to the anolyte compartment, from where these elements can be further separated. This achievement potentiates circular economy, as the final treated residue could be incorporated in construction materials production, mitigating current environmental problems in both mining and construction sectors.proofpublishe