FERMENTABILITAS PAKAN KOMPLIT DENGAN LEVEL NEUTRAL DETERGENT FIBER BERBEDA YANG MENGANDUNG PROBIOTIK ISI RUMEN KERBAU PADA DOMBA LOKAL BALIBUL

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh pakan komplit dengan level NDF berbeda yang mengandung probiotik isi rumen kerbau terhadap produksi NH 3 , volatile fatty acids total dan protein total pada domba balibul. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April - September 2018 di Kandang Digesti dan Laboratorium Ilmu Nutrisi dan Pakan, Departemen Peternakan, Fakultas Peternakan dan Pertanian, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 20 ekor domba lokal berjenis kelamin jantan dengan umur di bawah lima bulan (balibul) dengan bobot badan rata-rata 9,79 ± 1,51 kg. Pakan yang digunakan yaitu pakan komplit yang tersusun atas pollard, dedak padi, bungkil kelapa, bungkil kedelai, molases, mineral mix, susu skim, tepung jagung, onggok dan rumput gajah. Isi rumen kerbau yang digunakan sebagai probiotik diperoleh dari rumah pemotongan hewan di Kudus. Bahan yang digunakan untuk analisis VFA, NH 3 dan protein total di laboratorium yaitu cairan rumen domba, H 2 SO 4 15%, akuades, NaOH 0,5 N, indikator phenolphtalein (PP) 1%, HCl 0,5 N, vaselin, asam borat (H 3 BO 3 ) 4%, indikator methyl red, indikator bromkresol hijau, sodium karbonat jenuh (Na 2 0,0055 N, trichloroacetic acid (TCA) 20%, sulphosalysilic acid (SSA) 2% dan HCl 0,1 N. Alat yang digunakan selama penelitian yaitu kandang domba tipe individu, ember untuk tempat minum, timbangan untuk menimbang pakan dan domba, serta pompa vakum. Alat yang digunakan untuk analisis NH 3 , VFA dan protein total di laboratorium yaitu oven, eksikator, cawan Conway, tabung suling, stirrer, gelas ukur 25 ml dan 50 ml, pendingin tegak, labu Erlenmeyer, seperangkat alat destilasi, tabung fermentor, centrifuge dan pipet ukur 5 ml. Perlakuan yang diterapkan dalam penlitian ini yaitu pemberian pakan komplit dengan level NDF 25%, 30%, 35% dan 40% dengan penambahan probiotik isi rumen kerbau 5% serta pemberian pakan komplit dengan level NDF 25% tanpa penambahan probiotik isi rumen kerbau sebagai perlakuan kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pakan perlakuan yang diberikan berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap produksi amonia (NH 3 ), volatile fatty acids total dan protein total pada domba balibul. Hasil uji wilayah ganda Duncan terhadap nilai tengah perlakuan menunjukkan bahwa produksi amonia (NH 3 ), volatile fatty acids total dan protein total pada masing-masing perlakuan berbeda nyata (P<0,05). Simpulan yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini adalah pakan komplit dengan level NDF 30% yang mengandung isi rumen kerbau 5% menghasilkan produksi NH 3 , VFA total dan protein total paling tinggi

Performance Assessment of GNSS Augmentation System Using Quasi-Zenith Satellite System for Real-time Precise Positioning Method in Indonesia

The Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS) is one of the GNSS technologies owned by the Japanese government, which orbits around East Asia, Asia Pacific, and Oceania. One of the advantages of the QZSS satellite is that it corrects the measurements using precise ephemeris, clock, and other augmenting corrections, and is primarily used for the Real-Time Precise Point Positioning (RTPPP) method. This study aimed to examine the QZSS system\u27s performance for RTPPP measurements in Indonesia. Magellan System Japan\u27s (MSJ) receiver was applied to collect the GNSS and the augmenting data to perform the RTPPP. RTPPP method was then made into the static and kinematic scheme. Various methods were also carried out on each method, such as static, Real-Time Kinematic (RTK), and other RTPPP providers. The result is that the precision level of the RTPPP method for the static scheme using the QZSS augmentation could give precision up to 5 cm in the open sky condition. Similar to other RTPPP correction providers, QZSS-RTPPP took approximately 20 minutes for the initiation process. The Accuracy of QZSS-RTPPP reached approximately 20 cm caused by the epoch reference for the actual coordinate was in epoch 2012.0, while the RT-PPP observations were occupied in 2019. The precision and accuracy level of QZSS-RTPPP tend to be more unstable in light and heavy obstructed conditions. In the measurements against 20 benchmarks at ITB Jatinangor, the accuracy value for the QZSS-RTPPP ranged from 5-40 cm. The RTPPP QZSS method\u27s average accuracy for the easting, northing, and height components, respectively, was 0.110 m, 0.056 m, and 0.120 m. Utilizing the QZSS RTPPP measurements at sea for the moving platform, the obtained horizontal component precision level was between 10 and 20 cm. On the other hand, the overall precision for QZSS RTPPP measurement over the land region for the moving platform was lower than one meter for horizontal components, while the vertical component was lower than two meters

Pengembangan Tungku Pembakaran Menggunakan Air Heater dan Tanpa Air Heater untuk Bejana Penguap Pipa Api

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan pengaruh kinerja tungku menggunakan Air Heater Dan Tanpa Air Heater meliputi kinerja tungku, kalor hasil pembakaran, kebutuhan Bahan Bakar, dan Efisiensi Thermal dengan menggunakan bahan bakar sekam padi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan berupa pengujian pengaruh temperatur tungku, temperatur gas cerobong, temperatur air, kebutuhan bahan bakar, dan efisiensi thermal tungku menggunakan bahan bakar sekam padi dengan Air Heater Dan Tanpa Air Heater. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa percobaan Mengunakan Air Heater Dan Tanpa Air Heater mempengaruhi besarnya temperatur pembakaran tungku, waktu pendidihan air, kebutuhan bahan bakar, efisiensi termal tungku. Temperatur tungku tertinggi pada Air Heater 884oC pada menit 120, pendidihan air tercepat diketahui pada Air Heater dengan waktu 60 menit, kebutuhan bahan bakar paling sedikit pada Air Heater 14.75 kg lama waktu 125 menit, efisiansi thermal tungku Air Heater, yaitu 95%

The Effect of Aeration on Aerobic Biofilter Using Polyethylene Terephthalate Media for Chicken Slaughterhouse Liquid Waste

Chicken Slaughterhouse is one of the industries that process live chickens into ready-to-eat chicken meat products. Many chicken slaughterhouses still need liquid waste treatment technology and directly discharge it into the aquatic environment. RPA liquid waste has a high organic content that will cause environmental pollution with unpleasant odors and decay. This study uses an aerobic wastewater treatment method by utilizing aerobic microorganisms in wastewater that are attached to biofilter media to form biofilms. This study aims to reduce the concentration of COD, BOD, TSS, and ammonia and change the pH value of RPA liquid waste with aerobic biofilter treatment using honeycomb media from Polyethylene Terephthalate and to get the best aeration flow rate to reduce the concentration of pollutants from the aerobic biofilter reactor. In this study, the residence time and the addition of air discharge in the aeration process are varied. The results of this study show that there has been a decrease in the concentration of COD, BOD, TSS, and ammonia and changes in pH values following PERMENLHK No 5 of 2014 concerning the quality standards of slaughterhouse wastewater with the best aeration flowrate recommendation is 15 liters/minute

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulation of Mixing Tank at Milk Powder Factory to Reduce Material Losses

Industrial milk powder production applies the principle of a spray dryer. In the powdered milk industry using a spray dryer, there are still some problems in actual conditions such as fouling in the heat exchanger and losses. Losses are lost material or time so that result in losses for the company. The importance of finding material losses as soon as possible it is possible to make a solution so that initially unknown material is wasted in vain can be used as a finished good. Steps taken to resolve the problem material losses is to identify problems and data by making mapping losses according to actual conditions. After that, a CFD mixing tank simulation can be performed on Ansys with the aim of the simulation is to get the contour of the foaming phenomenon and find out the height the phenomenon of foaming (foam) with the properties set up begins at the beginning of making geometric designs with the size of the tank is 3.5 m and uses a marine propeller type,  then proceeds with meshing In geometry, meshing here uses the automatic meshing method due to the limited analysis students. after that the solving stage is carried out by inputting data such as density, viscosity and input multiphase (mixture), viscous (Large Eddy Simulation), as the boundary conditions of the geometry, after that by making a plane from the results of running to form a plane in geometry, then choose the results of the contour volume fraction to find out the phenomena that occur in mixing  tank so that conclusions and solutions can be drawn. Based on the results of data analysis and the field in the form of mapping and data on quantity losses, there are still some material losses in the form of wet and dry losses that have not been identified, initially the percentage ratio of material losses is 40.57% to 9%. One of the biggest contributors to material wet losses is mixing tanks which simulated until it is known that there is a foaming phenomenon. It interferes with the way it works level sensor which causes less maximum withdrawal of milk liquid by the pump. The best solution right way to reduce losses that occur in the mixing tank is to close the valve mixing tank output when showing 1.8% or can be rounded to 2% for safety pump. The liquid that is used as a product is 270 liters which is equivalent to 113 kg. If the calculation is carried out, the company can store 8,505 kg/month of powder

Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor - α (TNF-α) and Interleukin 1-β (IL1-β) in Chronic Tubotympanic Suppurative Otitis Media

Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) is a common public health problem worldwide and a major cause of hearing impairment. It is also one of the neglected disease especially in developing countries. Cytokines are a group of glycoproteins that play a role in strengthening the immune and inflammatory reactions in various diseases, including inflammation of the middle ear. Some of the important inflammatory mediators found in middle ear fluids are Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Cytokines are thought to play a role in the ongoing inflammatory regulation. The aim of this study was to compare the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in tubotympanic CSOM and in healthy control group. The mean of TNF-α serum level in tubotympanic CSOM was 0,553±1,59 pg/ ml, and 0,587±2,13 pg/ ml in control group. There was no statistically different of TNF-α between two groups (P > 0,05). Mean of IL-1β serum level in the tubotympanic CSOM and control group were 0,633±0,92 and 0,302±0,48, respectively. Although IL-1β levels were higher in the patient group, the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0,05)

Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506 supplementation with oral metronidazole for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial

Abstract Background: Replacement of Lactobacillus spp. by anaerobic and facultative bacteria is central in pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis (BV). Oral metronidazole is currently recommended treatment. However, cure rate is variable. Probiotic supplementation was explored as alternative therapy. This study aimed to find out the effect of oral microencapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum IS-10506 supplementation on oral metronidazole 500 mg twice daily for the treatment of BV. Methods: Twenty nine females with BV were treated with oral metronidazole and randomized into probiotic (Pro) (n=14) and placebo (Pla) (n=15) groups. Pro group received microencapsulated L. plantarum IS-10506 supplementation at 0.9x109 CFU, twice daily. Pla group received placebo twice daily. Cure is defined from Amsel criteria and Nugent score 0-3. Metronidazole was stopped if subjects were cured. Probotic and placebo were continued for 4 weeks. Cure rate and mean Nugent score were assessed at baseline, end of week 1, 2 and 4. Results: Mean Nugent score for Pro against Pla group were 8.07 vs. 8.07, 5.36 vs. 6.20, 4.07 vs. 4.93, and 3.57 vs. 4.33 respectively at baseline, end of week 1, 2 and 4. Cure rate for Pro against Pla group were 28.6% vs 20.0%, 50.0% vs 33.3%, 64.3% vs 40.0% respectively at end of week 1, 2 and 4. Mean Nugent score significantly decreased in both groups at end of week 1, 2 and 4 (p£ 0.05). Although not statistically significant, mean Nugent score was lower and cure rate was higher in Pro than Pla group at end of week 1, 2 and 4 (p>0.05). No adverse effects was recorded. Conclusions: Oral probiotic L. plantarum IS-10506 supplementation in addition to oral metronidazole were safe and potentially better than oral metronidazole alone for treatment of BV. Studies with longer probiotic supplementation and more subjects may be required to demonstrate significant effect of this combination treatment on BV

Dynamics of Co-Transcriptional Pre-mRNA Folding Influences the Induction of Dystrophin Exon Skipping by Antisense Oligonucleotides

Antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) mediated exon skipping offers potential therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. However, the identification of effective AON target sites remains unsatisfactory for lack of a precise method to predict their binding accessibility. This study demonstrates the importance of co-transcriptional pre-mRNA folding in determining the accessibility of AON target sites for AON induction of selective exon skipping in DMD. Because transcription and splicing occur in tandem, AONs must bind to their target sites before splicing factors. Furthermore, co-transcriptional pre-mRNA folding forms transient secondary structures, which redistributes accessible binding sites. In our analysis, to approximate transcription elongation, a “window of analysis” that included the entire targeted exon was shifted one nucleotide at a time along the pre-mRNA. Possible co-transcriptional secondary structures were predicted using the sequence in each step of transcriptional analysis. A nucleotide was considered “engaged” if it formed a complementary base pairing in all predicted secondary structures of a particular step. Correlation of frequency and localisation of engaged nucleotides in AON target sites accounted for the performance (efficacy and efficiency) of 94% of 176 previously reported AONs. Four novel insights are inferred: (1) the lowest frequencies of engaged nucleotides are associated with the most efficient AONs; (2) engaged nucleotides at 3′ or 5′ ends of the target site attenuate AON performance more than at other sites; (3) the performance of longer AONs is less attenuated by engaged nucleotides at 3′ or 5′ ends of the target site compared to shorter AONs; (4) engaged nucleotides at 3′ end of a short target site attenuates AON efficiency more than at 5′ end

RANCANG BANGUN DETEKTOR INFUS MENGGUNAKAN GELOMBANG RADIO BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER AVR ATmega8535

Telah dilakukan perancangan dan realisasi Rancang Bangun Detektor Infus Menggunakan Gelombang Radio Berbasis Mikrokontroler AVR ATmega 8535. Alat ini dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sistem monitoring pada rumah sakit sehingga memudahkan perawat dalam mengawasi infus pada kamar pasien

Pattern Recognition using Multiclass Support Vector Machine Method with Local Binary Pattern as Feature Extraction

Corn is an essential agricultural commodity since it is used in animal feed, biofuel, industrial processing, and the manufacture of non-food industrial commodities such as starch, acid, and alcohol. Early detection of diseases and pests of corn aims to reduce the possibility of crop failure and maintain the quality and quantity of crop yields. A decision tree is a nonparametric classification model in statistical machine learning that predicts target variables using tree-structured decisions. The performance of this model can increase significantly if the continuous predictor variables are discretized into valid categories. However, in some cases, the result does not provide satisfactory performance. The possible cause is the ambiguity in discretizing predictor variables. The incorporation of fuzzy membership functions into the model to resolve discretization ambiguity issues. This work aims to classify diseases and pests of corn plants using the decision tree model and improve the model’s performance by implementing fuzzy membership functions. The main contribution of this work is that we have shown a significant improvement in the decision tree model performance by implementing fuzzy membership functions; S-growth, triangle, and S-shrinkage curves. The proposed fuzzy model is better than the decision tree model, with an average performance increase from the largest to the smallest; kappa (12.16%), recall (11.8%), F-score (9.71%), precision (5.08%), accuracy (3.23%), specificity (1.94%), and AUC (0.49%). The combination of bias and variance generated by the proposed model is quite small, indicating that the model is able to capture data trends well