Empirical Analysis of Money Demand Stability in Nigeria

The main focus of this study is to identify the variables influencing the demand for money in Nigeria; and to ascertain the stability of money demand in Nigeria. Related theories and empirical researches in this area were reviewed in order to ensure the relevance of variables under study and possible expectation of their relationship with money - demand in Nigeria. Four explanatory variables were specified for this study based on theoretical underpinning. Stationarity test were conducted and all variables were stationary at first difference, with two cointegrating equations after using the Johansen Cointegration test. The error correction model (ECM) was rightly signed and revealed a recovery rate of 18 percent. It was also recommended among others that the monetary policy strategy of the CBN should be structured to deal with the growing challenges posed by financial innovations. The stability test revealed that M2 money demand in Nigeria is stable using both CUSUM and CUSUMSQ at 5 percent critical lines. Keywords: Money-Demand, Non-Bank Financial Institutions, Speculative demand for money, Liquidity, cointegration.

Quantity and Quality Benefits of in-Service Invasive Cleaning of Trunk Mains

Trunk mains are high risk critical infrastructure where poor performance can impact on large numbers of customers. Both quantity (e.g. hydraulic capacity) and quality (e.g. discolouration) of trunk main performance are affected by asset deterioration in the form of particle accumulation at the pipe wall. Trunk main cleaning techniques are therefore desirable to remove such material. However, little is quantified regarding the efficacy of different maintenance interventions or longer-term changes following such cleaning. This paper presents an assessment of quantity and quality performance of a trunk main system pre, post and for 12 months following cleaning using pigging with ice slurry. Hydraulic calibration showed a 7 times roughness height reduction after ice slurry pigging, evidencing substantially improved hydraulic capacity and reduced headloss. Turbidity response due to carefully imposed shear stress increase remained significant after the cleaning intervention, showing that relatively loose material had not been fully removed from the pipe wall. Overall the results demonstrate that cleaning by pigging with ice slurry can be beneficial for quantity performance, but care and further assessment may be necessary to realise the full quality benefits

Gambaran Makroskopik Dan Mikroskopik Ureter Pada Hewan Coba Postmortem

: Postmortem changes provide a lot of valuable information about the time, causes, and mechanisms of death. This study was aimed to obtain an overview of the macroscopic and microscopic postmortem changes of ureter at several time intervals during 48 hours postmortem. This was a descriptive study using pigs as samples. The results showed that macroscopic postmortem changes of ureters began to appear at 5 hours postmortem marked by changes in color, consistency, and length of the ureters. Meanwhile, the microscopic postmortem changes of the ureters began to appear at 4 hours postmortem characterized by congestion, however, the transitional epithelial cell could be identified. At 5 hours postmortem, a number of transitional cells showed pycnotic nuclei. At 15 hous postmortem, the transitional layer began to detach from the lamina propria; cells with pycnotic nuclei increased in number. At 30 hours postmortem, the transitional layer was detached from the lamina propria and in general the structure of ureter layers could not be identified. Conclusion: Macroscopic changes in color, consistency and length of ureter could be observed the earliest at 5 hours postmortem Microscopic changes could be identified at 4 hours postmortem characterized by congestion, however, the transitional cells could be idemtified. At 5 hours postmortem, the early necrosis of transitional cells occured. At 30 hours postmortem the structure of ureter layers could not be identified

Loss of Gata6 causes dilation of the hair follicle canal and sebaceous duct

The uppermost aspect of the hair follicle, known as the infundibulum or hair canal, provides a passageway for hair shaft egress and sebum secretion. Recent studies have indicated that the infundibulum and sebaceous ducts are lined by molecularly distinct differentiated cells expressing markers including Keratin 79 and Gata6. Here, we ablated Gata6 from the skin and observed dilation of both the hair canal and sebaceous ducts, independent of gender and hair cycle stage. Constitutive loss of Gata6 yielded only a mild delay in depilation‐induced entry into anagen, while unperturbed mutant mice possessed overtly normal skin and hair. Furthermore, we noted that Keratin 79 and Gata6 expression and localization did not depend upon each other. Our findings implicate Gata6 in maintaining the upper hair follicle and suggest that regulation of this transcription factor may be compromised in pathologies such as acne or infundibular cystic diseases that are characterized by abnormal expansion of this follicular domain.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149235/1/exd13757_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149235/2/exd13757-sup-0001-FigS1-S9.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149235/3/exd13757.pd

Enhancement of photocatalytic activity of BiVO4 by barium doping

775-782BiVO4 has been successfully synthesized by solid state method and doped by barium in the sites of bismuth in 3%, 6%, 9% and 15% to form Bi1-xBaxVO4 (x = 0.03, 0.06, 0.09 & 0.15). The products have been characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The band gap of undoped BiVO4 is calculated to be 2.19 eV and the barium doped BiVO4 compounds exhibit band gaps which are closer to the band gap of undoped compound. The photocatalytic activities of undoped and doped catalysts for the degradation of methylene blue have been studied using UV-visible spectroscopy and found to be depended largely on the barium content and the particle size of the compounds

A pathway towards net-zero emissions in oil refineries

Rapid industrialization and urbanization have increased the demand for both energy and mobility services across the globe, with accompanying increases in greenhouse gas emissions. This short paper analyzes strategic measures for the abatement of CO2 emissions from oil refinery operations. A case study involving a large conversion refinery shows that the use of post-combustion carbon capture and storage (CCS) may only be practical for large combined emission point sources, leaving about 30% of site-wide emissions unaddressed. A combination of post-combustion CCS with a CO2 capture rate well above 90% and other mitigation measures such as fuel substitution and emission offsets is needed to transition towards carbon-neutral refinery operations. All of these technologies must be configured to minimize environmental burden shifting and scope 2 emissions, whilst doing so cost-effectively to improve energy access and affordability. In the long run, scope 3 emissions from the combustion of refinery products and flaring must also be addressed. The use of synthetic fuels and alternative feedstocks such as liquefied plastic waste, instead of crude oil, could present a growth opportunity in a circular carbon economy

Aerometric monitoring system for pollution control

Air quality monitoring and analysis is needed in order to provide decision makers with reliable information about the pollution situation so that they can take appropriate measures to mitigate or prevent negative impacts whenever there is need. World Health Organization (WHO) has recently announced that air pollution is carcinogenic to humans. The results from the reviewed studies point in the same direction: the risk of developing lung cancer hss significantly increased in people exposed to air pollution. This finding elevates the urgency to create awareness among common people about the air, both outdoors and indoors. In our project "Aerometric Monitoring System for Pollution Control”, we use a device that consists of a cluster of sensors that are used to sense atmospheric characteristics continuously. Atmospheric characteristics include Temperature, Humidity, Gas index indicating presence of poisonous gases etc. Several such devices can be deployed in places where we need to estimate air pollution. This covers public domains like bus stands, railway stations, junctions etc. and private domains like households, small scale industries and so on. The aggregated data collected by these devices are uploaded to the Internet using IoT platform by establishing a connection. The data is then displayed on the IoT platform along with various graphical representations. This enables the public to access the data anywhere, any time