The Confidence Database

Understanding how people rate their confidence is critical for the characterization of a wide range of perceptual, memory, motor and cognitive processes. To enable the continued exploration of these processes, we created a large database of confidence studies spanning a broad set of paradigms, participant populations and fields of study. The data from each study are structured in a common, easy-to-use format that can be easily imported and analysed using multiple software packages. Each dataset is accompanied by an explanation regarding the nature of the collected data. At the time of publication, the Confidence Database (which is available at https://osf.io/s46pr/) contained 145 datasets with data from more than 8,700 participants and almost 4 million trials. The database will remain open for new submissions indefinitely and is expected to continue to grow. Here we show the usefulness of this large collection of datasets in four different analyses that provide precise estimations of several foundational confidence-related effects

The effect of import competition on firm productivity and innovation: does the distance to technology frontier matter?

How does foreign competition affect growth and innovation in China? Using our unique measures of proximity of Chinese firms and industries to the world technology frontier, we find that despite vast sectoral heterogeneity, Chinese manufacturing industries have undergone rapid technological upgrading over the period of 2000–06. The distance to the world production frontier of firms and industries plays an important role in shaping the nexus between the competition pressure from foreign imports and domestic firms' growth and innovation behaviour. Our results support the theoretical predictions of Aghion et al. (2005, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, pp. 701–728) that import competition stimulates the domestic firms' productivity growth and R&D expenditure if firms and their industries are close to the world frontier, but discourages such incentives for laggard firms and industries. The two forces highlighted by the model operate for imports under the ordinary-trade regime, for collective and private firms, and for imports originated from high-income countries. Our findings are robust after controlling the influence of foreign investment, the reverse causality of regressors and the short-term business cycle fluctuations

Reaching Non-Work Destinations: Accessibility and Its Impacts on Travel Behavior

As people’s daily activities are diverse, having access to various opportunities is important. However, the existing body of accessibility literature places great emphasis on job accessibility; research on non-work accessibility is limited. To fill the gap, this dissertation examines accessibility to four types of non-work opportunities (healthcare, retail, recreation, and food services) by three transportation modes (automobile, transit, and walking) as well as their impacts on travel in the Milwaukee region. This dissertation examines accessibility disparities across different racial/ethnic groups and income groups in Milwaukee County by comparing weighted average accessibility and overlaying spatial distribution of accessibility with population distributions. Results suggest that disparities in non-work accessibility across different sociodemographic groups exist, and the dissertation identifies the group in the most disadvantaged position. Using structural equation models, the second part of this dissertation investigates the relationship between accessibility and travel behavior of non-work trips while controlling for neighborhood built environment characteristics, psychological factors, and socioeconomic characteristics. Results provide empirical evidence on whether accessibility affects various non-work trips differently. This dissertation finds that accessibility has significant impacts on reducing trip distance for non-work trips, and the impacts are the largest for food services, followed by healthcare and retail, and the smallest for recreation. Additionally, improvements in accessibility to food services and recreational facilities encourage non-work travel for respective trips. Findings of this dissertation have policy implications. The multi-modal accessibility indicators contribute to a comprehensive understanding of disparities in accessibility and inform planning research and practice about spatial gaps in both goods/service supply and transportation services. Additionally, the empirical analysis of the accessibility effect on travel can inform targeted mobility or land use strategies

ANALYSIS OF IDIOMATIC EMOTION EXPRESSIONS DETECTED FROM ONLINE MOVIE REVIEWS

A large number of idiomatic emotion expressions in Korean are composed of certain nouns of human body parts accompanied by selected predicates, which represent a ‘physiological metonymy’ of sentiment (Lakoff 1987, Ungerer & Schmid 1996)or instance, kasum-i ttwita literally means a physiological reaction (i.e. one’s heart beat) but also can represent the emotion like being thrilled to bits. We compared idiomatic emotion expressions used in English online movie reviews and those observed in Korean, and noticed that the nouns of body parts such as kasum ‘heart’, maum ‘mind’ or nwun ‘eyes’ emerge frequently in both languages, whereas ekkay ‘shoulder’, kancang ‘intestines’ or ppye ‘bones’ seem to be rather reserved for Korean emotion expressions. In this study, we extract idiomatic emotion expressions based on the 13 nouns of body parts listed by Lim (2001) from Korean online movie reviews. For instance, nouns such as meli ‘head’, ip ‘mouth’ or simcang ‘cardia’ are frequently used for constituting the emotion expressions of POSITIVE values as shown in ip-ul tamwul-swu epsta ‘be with open mouth (with delight) these nouns hardly occur in NEGATIVE emotion expressions, which is not predictable from their semantic features, but reveals their lexical idiosyncrasy. The frequent emotion expressions observed in online movie reviews will be analyzed and classified according to their semantic properties. We will show what salient traits of Korean emotion expressions can be remarked in current online subjective documents such as users’ reviews, blogs or opinion texts

The eigenvalue problem for natural frequency of uniform beam with linearly varying axial load

Call number: LD2668 .R4 1968 S

Miniaturized Resonator and Bandpass Filter for Silicon-Based Monolithic Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Integrated Circuits

© 2018 IEEE. © 2018 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission.This paper introduces a unique approach for the implementation of a miniaturized on-chip resonator and its application for the first-order bandpass filter (BPF) design. This approach utilizes a combination of a broadside-coupling technique and a split-ring structure. To fully understand the principle behind it, simplified LC equivalent-circuit models are provided. By analyzing these models, guidelines for implementation of an ultra-compact resonator and a BPF are given. To further demonstrate the feasibility of using this approach in practice, both the implemented resonator and the filter are fabricated in a standard 0.13-μm (Bi)-CMOS technology. The measured results show that the resonator can generate a resonance at 66.75 GHz, while the BPF has a center frequency at 40 GHz and an insertion loss of 1.7 dB. The chip size of both the resonator and the BPF, excluding the pads, is only 0.012mm 2 (0.08 × 0.144 mm 2).Peer reviewe

Analysis, realization and experiment of Lamb wave phased arrays for damage detection and imaging in carbon composite structures

Phased array theory is utilized in the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) wing box to identify the damage in the structure. The phased array theory has been adapted to Lamb wave propagation to improve the detection ability of local defects in the complex composite structure. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated by experimental research in which input signals exerted at piezoelectric (PZT) actuators/sensors on the UAV wing box are successfully reconstructed by using the phased array method. The recognition result is shown on a mapped image. The original mapped image uses gray level transformation method to enhance the image identifiable degrees. And the time of arrival of the Lamb wave signal is calculated by Shannon Wavelet. The experiments is done on carbon composite structure using one dimensional PZT linear sensors array exemplifies that phased array theory well utilized in scanning and detecting the damage and the screw loosening in the structure. The original image is processed by the gray level transformation to improve the contrast and the recognition

The Confidence Database

Understanding how people rate their confidence is critical for the characterization of a wide range of perceptual, memory, motor and cognitive processes. To enable the continued exploration of these processes, we created a large database of confidence studies spanning a broad set of paradigms, participant populations and fields of study. The data from each study are structured in a common, easy-to-use format that can be easily imported and analysed using multiple software packages. Each dataset is accompanied by an explanation regarding the nature of the collected data. At the time of publication, the Confidence Database (which is available at https://osf.io/s46pr/) contained 145 datasets with data from more than 8,700 participants and almost 4 million trials. The database will remain open for new submissions indefinitely and is expected to continue to grow. Here we show the usefulness of this large collection of datasets in four different analyses that provide precise estimations of several foundational confidence-related effects

A Neural Signature Encoding Decisions under Perceptual Ambiguity

People often make perceptual decisions with ambiguous information, but it remains unclear whether the brain has a common neural substrate that encodes various forms of perceptual ambiguity. Here, we used three types of perceptually ambiguous stimuli as well as task instructions to examine the neural basis for both stimulus-driven and task-driven perceptual ambiguity. We identified a neural signature, the late positive potential (LPP), that encoded a general form of stimulus-driven perceptual ambiguity. In addition to stimulus-driven ambiguity, the LPP was also modulated by ambiguity in task instructions. To further specify the functional role of the LPP and elucidate the relationship between stimulus ambiguity, behavioral response, and the LPP, we employed regression models and found that the LPP was specifically associated with response latency and confidence rating, suggesting that the LPP encoded decisions under perceptual ambiguity. Finally, direct behavioral ratings of stimulus and task ambiguity confirmed our neurophysiological findings, which could not be attributed to differences in eye movements either. Together, our findings argue for a common neural signature that encodes decisions under perceptual ambiguity but is subject to the modulation of task ambiguity. Our results represent an essential first step toward a complete neural understanding of human perceptual decision making

A Neural Signature Encoding Decisions under Perceptual Ambiguity

People often make perceptual decisions with ambiguous information, but it remains unclear whether the brain has a common neural substrate that encodes various forms of perceptual ambiguity. Here, we used three types of perceptually ambiguous stimuli as well as task instructions to examine the neural basis for both stimulus-driven and task-driven perceptual ambiguity. We identified a neural signature, the late positive potential (LPP), that encoded a general form of stimulus-driven perceptual ambiguity. In addition to stimulus-driven ambiguity, the LPP was also modulated by ambiguity in task instructions. To further specify the functional role of the LPP and elucidate the relationship between stimulus ambiguity, behavioral response, and the LPP, we employed regression models and found that the LPP was specifically associated with response latency and confidence rating, suggesting that the LPP encoded decisions under perceptual ambiguity. Finally, direct behavioral ratings of stimulus and task ambiguity confirmed our neurophysiological findings, which could not be attributed to differences in eye movements either. Together, our findings argue for a common neural signature that encodes decisions under perceptual ambiguity but is subject to the modulation of task ambiguity. Our results represent an essential first step toward a complete neural understanding of human perceptual decision making