The Retarded Gastrulation Induced In Developing Sea Urchin Embryo By Rearing In D2O-Sea Water

Abstract: The process of gastrulation was lingeringly proceeded in developing sea urchin embryo reared in 40% D2O-sea water (D2O-SW). In general, these embryo possessed large blastocoel, and occasionally developed with evagjnated gut. The micro surgical experiments confirmed that the postulated higher hydrostatic pressure of blastocoel was not responsible for gut evagination. Thus the alternative hypothesis, "stabilization" of micro tubular cytoskeleton in the filopodia of the secondary mesenchyme cells, and disharmony of cellular development remain the possible cause of gut evagination. This hypothesis, however are coincided with the fact that D2O strongly inhibited cell division and archenteron formation. Key words:retarded gatrulation, sea urchin, D2

Development of Interactive Multimedia Based on Research of Hybridama Technology

The ability to understand and apply the current methods of Biotecnology as hybridoma technology needs to be taught to students. But in conducting laboratory activities hybridoma technology in the classroom activities takes time and costs are relatively large. This study was conducted to generate instructional media for students based research. The purpose of this research is to produce learning multimedia of hybridoma technology in Biotechnology course. This study uses the ADDIE development model. The results of this research is based on the feasibility studies show that interactive multimedia on hybridoma technology feasible for use as a medium of learning. This feasibility in terms of the truth of the matter by matter experts in the amount of 88.96%, the feasibility of interactive multimedia as a medium of learning by expert instructional media by 75%, and students who have completed the course of biotechnology by 86.07%

Bioethanol production from algae Spirogyra hyalina using Zymomonas mobilis

Algae Spirogyra have the potential to be developed as a raw material for bioethanol production. This study aims to determine the effect of the hydrolysis process of algae Spirogyra on total sugar production. The hydrolysis process of Spirogyra hyalina was carried out using a variation of heating duration and type of enzyme. This study also aimed to determine the effect of fermentation duration and the addition of nutritional fermentation on the reducing sugar, pH changes, microbial biomass and ethanol production from algae Spirogyra hyalina by using Zymomonas mobilis. The fermentation process was carried out in anaerobic conditions using a modified fermentor for 96 hours. Results showed the differences the hydrolysis process of algae Spirogyra hyalina affected on sugar levels. The highest sugar level was achieved by a combination of a-amylase and b-amylase enzymes. Fermentation duration and nutritional fermentation affected reducing sugar, pH substrate, microbial biomass and ethanol levels produced from the fermentation of algae Spirogyra by using Zymomonas mobilis

A Study On the Knowledge of Bioethics Among Prospective Biology Teachers

This research was conducted to examine the knowledge of bioethics among students of teaching biology, the sources of their knowledge about bioethics and their response to various problems as examples of bioethics study. This research is important because bioethics is becoming an important part of the curriculum developed for students of teaching biology. Through survey research results, 75% of responding students of biology knew bioethics in vocabulary but did not have a deep understanding of it, and 25% of respondents did not know bioethics either in vocabulary or its understanding. From all respondents, 79.68% stated that bioethics was very important to be integrated in the biology course that already exists in the curriculum and 20.32% stated that bioethics was important to be given and become the main subject in the curriculum. Moreover, 75% of respondents who knew bioethics in the context of vocabulary but did not have a deep understanding of bioethics had learned about it from various sources, namely: articles 21% of respondents, books 4% of respondents, internet 48% of respondents, senior students 16, 33% of respondents, teachers and lecturers 10% of respondents. Furthermore, most respondents agreed and strongly agreed on various problems presented as relevant to bioethics case studies, namely: (1) environmental damage caused by pollution; 2) the low moral and ethical aspects of life; 3) exploitation of animal life on land and sea

Effect of Ethylene Glycol Concentration and Length of Exposure on In Vitro Fertility of Bovine Oocyte

The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of the concentration of ethylene glycol (EG) and length of exposure to levels of bovine oocytes in vitro fertility. This research was conducted using a completely randomized design factorial 5x3 with 7 replicates. The first factor was the concentration of cryoprotectants EG 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%. The second factor was the length of exposure 1, 3, and 5 minutes. The results showed that the concentration of EG and the length of exposure were effect on fertilized oocytes (P0.05). The level of oocytes in vitro fertility after vitrification in 30% EG and long exposure to 3 minutes did not different (P0.05) compared to fresh oocytes, while the EG treatment 10, 20, 40, and 50% significantly showed a lower fertility rate than the 30% EG (P0.05). It was concluded that the concentration of EG and length of exposure were effect on fertilized oocytes. The highest oocytes in vitro fertility level were found in 30% EG concentration with 3 minutes exposure time

Effects of Additional Crude Extract of Fig Fruit (Ficus carica L) into Tris Egg Yolk Based Extender on Quality of Buck Semen

This research was to investigate the effect of crude extract of fig fruit (CEF2) added into tris egg yolk (TEY) based extender on sperm quality of Boer cross buck. The collected semen was divided into 8 treatments based on the level of CEF2 in TEY based extender (0% CEF2 to 7% CEF2, v/v, respectively). Progressively motile sperm, live sperm, plasma membrane integrity and normal sperm after re-concentration and preserved at 5ºC were assessed visually at 0 and every 24 hours for 7 consecutive days. The optimum concentration of CEF2 in TEY based extender to preserve progressively motile sperm was 6% when stored at 5ºC up to six days, and significantly higher (P<0.05) as compared to 0-3% and 7% CF3E. However, progressively motile sperm in 4%-6% CEF2 were non significant (P<0.05) each other. At day 6, additional 4-7% CEF2 into TEY based extender were not significantly different (P<0.05) from each other on the percentages of life sperms, but they were significantly higher compared to former extenders. There was a tendency that the highest percentages of plasma membranes integrity was in 6% of CEF2 and significantly higher (P<0.05) as compared to 0% and 1% of CEF2. Overall means of normal sperm in extender with 3-6% of CF3E were not significantly difference (P<0.05) each other except as compared to the former extenders. In contrast, the normal sperms indicated no significant difference (P<0.05) among treatments during this study. The concentration of MDA (ng/mL) in treatment extender was reduced when CEF2 was added to extender and the SOD concentration (u/ml) increased. It is concluded that the addition of CEF2 in TEY based extender provides a positive protection performance to the liquid buck semen quality. Keywords: fig fruit extract, spermatozoa, quality, buck

The Linnaeus’s Reed Snake, Calamaria linnaei Boie (Squamata: Colubridae: Calamariinae) from Ijen Plateau, East Java, Indonesia

The decisive morphological character of Calamaria linnaei from the Ijen plateau was analyzed in an attempt to evaluate these snakes independently achieved as different populations or whether more likely only cryptic species affected by natural conditions. The evidence was concluded that a cryptic species is very interesting to be regarded as something entirely different. In general, however, the population appears to have more closely related to other congeners populations of the same species. It is suggested that at least temporarily, the C. linnaei population of the Ijen plateau be specifically considered to include in species with high individual variations based on limited geographic boundaries until molecular analysis proves it

Analysis of the Relationship Between Concept Mastery and Problem-Solving Skills of Pre-Service Biology Teachers in Human Physiology Courses

21st century learning focuses on problem-solving skills. A higher level of education requires an understanding of a more systematic concept to elaborate problems. Problem-solving skill is one of the fundamental cognitive processes. It involves higher order thinking to discover solutions or ideas. This research aims to analyze the relationship between concept mastery and problem-solving skill of pre-service biology teacher in human physiology courses. This is descriptive correlational research conducted in Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin State Islamic University Jambi. The sample was selected using the purposive sampling technique. Respondents in this study were 33 students in semester VI. The instrument used in the study was an essay test of concept mastery integrated with problem-solving. The results showed that the average scores of the students' concept mastery and problem-solving were 56.8 and 58.0, respectively. Both included in the poor category. It also showed that there was a relationship between students' concept mastery and problem-solving skill. The correlation value was 0.76, with a significance value of p0.05; therefore, it included in the strong category

Isolation and Identification of Transforming Growth Factor β from In Vitro Matured Cumulus Oocyte Complexes

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a two-chain polypeptide with molecular weight of 25 kDa which takes significant role in the steroidogenesis process. In the ovarian oocyte in particular, TGF-β has an important role in regulating reproductive function. TGF-β represents a key intrafollicular protein that regulates follicle development and aromatization process. The purpose of this research was to characterize and identify a protein fraction of TGF-β from the bovine isolated oocytes, which is synthesized during in vitro oocyte maturation process. Oocytes were collected from follicles with diameter of 3-8 mm. Oocytes were then matured in TCM 199 media supplemented with 5 μg/mg LH, 3% BSA, and 50 μg/ml gentamicin sulfate, and cultured in CO2 incubator (5%, 38.5 oC) for 20 hours. TGF-β receptors were identified immunohistochemically. Characteristics of the TGF-β protein were determined using SDS PAGE and TGF-β specification was tested using Western Blotting. The results showed that TGF-β receptors were identified and found in cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs). TGF-β protein was isolated from bovine oocytes with molecular weight 25 kDa and it was identified by Western blotting methods in the same molecular weight