Role of Nemolizumab and Omalizumab in management of atopic dermatitis: A review

BackgroundNemolizumab (CIM331) is a monoclonal antibody that binds the IL-31 receptor α component. This inhibits IL-31 from acting on neurons that constrains the initialization of the sense of pruritus in cases of atopic dermatitis.AimsTo summarize the results of reported studies evaluating the role of nemolizumab and omalizumab in management of atopic dermatitis.Methods This is a systematic review was carried out, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and EBSCO that examining randomized controlled trials, observational, and experimental studies which study role of nemolizumab in management of atopic dermatitis.Results The review included 8 randomized studies reported efficacy of both nemolizumab and omalizumab for management of atopic dermatitis.ConclusionOther studies with large numbers of patients with AD are necessary to define the adverse effects of both drugs in the treatment of AD

An Investigation of Metadiscourse Features in Applied Linguistics Academic Research Articles and Master’s Dissertations

The current study comparatively investigated the employment of metadiscourse items in 40 post-method sections/chapters of research articles (RAs) and master’s dissertations (MAs) in the field of applied linguistics. Utilizing Hyland’s (2005a) model of metadiscourse in analysing metadiscourse elements detected in both sets of texts, the findings indicated that interactive metadiscourse features were more frequent in both sets of texts than interactional metadiscourse items, and that the master’s dissertation subcorpus included significantly higher occurrences of most metadiscourse devices. Results indicated that transitions are the most used category of metadiscourse in research articles and master’s dissertations, while hedges are the most frequent interactional metadiscourse category used in both subcorpora. Results also showed that the master’s dissertation subcorpus consists of significantly higher occurrences of some metadiscourse devices, which might be due to the nature of both genres. The findings have important implications, particularly for L2 student writers, by facilitating their understanding of metadiscourse use in this field. The study concludes with the limitations, as well as recommendations for future research

Using CALL in Teaching Writing: An Explicatory Study on its Efficacy for ESL/EFL Learners

The current study aims to analyse and substantiate the impact of use and importance of Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) to students writing in English as a second/foreign language (ESL/EFL). It is an explicatory study based on the main findings of researchers in the field and the practical involvement and observation of the researcher as an ESL/EFL teacher in writing classrooms. The scientific literature on the subject as well as the analytical work done on it have been critically examined for efficacy and proof. The study also investigates the usefulness of the various CALL-based materials and tools employed in the teaching process, and it examines how far they can help students in their classroom practices. The major outcomes of the study demonstrated that most teachers and students have found that CALL has helped them in a positive way, has motivated them to learn ESL/EFL writing, and has improved their knowledge and capability in writing English effortlessly. It has also been discovered that this method of teaching writing enriches their information and plays an important role in developing their academic skills. The current study, therefore, recommends that students should use computers in learning English writing, in particular, in order to increase the level of learning

Association between tobacco substance usage and a missense mutation in the tumor suppressor gene P53 in the Saudi Arabian population.

The tumor suppressor gene TP53 and its downstream genes P21 and MDM2 play crucial roles in combating DNA damage at the G1/S cell cycle checkpoint. Polymorphisms in these genes can lead to the development of various diseases. This study was conducted to examine a potential association between tobacco substance usage (TSU) and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at the exon regions of the P53, P21, and MDM2 genes by comparing populations of smokers and non-smokers from Saudi Arabia. P53 rs1042522 (C/G), P21 rs1801270 (A/C), and MDM2 rs769412 (A/G) were investigated by genotyping 568 blood specimens: 283 from male/female smokers and 285 from male/female non-smokers. The results obtained from the smokers and their control non-smokers were compared according to age, sex, duration of smoking, and type of TSU. Heterozygous CG, homozygous GG, and CG+GG genotypes, as well as the G allele of rs1042522 were significantly associated with TSU in Saudi smokers compared with non-smokers. The C allele frequency of rs1801270 was also associated with TSU in smokers (OR = 1.33, p = 0.049) in comparison with non-smokers, in younger smokers (≤29 years) (OR = 1.556, p = 0.03280) in comparison with non-smokers of the same age, in smokers who had smoked cigarettes for seven years or less (OR = 1.596, p = 0.00882), and in smokers who had consumed shisha (OR = 1.608, p = 0.04104) in comparison with the controls. However, the genotypic and allelic frequencies for rs769412 did not show significant associations with TSU in Saudis. The selected SNP of P53 was strongly associated with TSU and may be linked to TSU-induced diseases in the Saudi Arabian population

Table1_Potentially harmful elements and health risk assessment in groundwater of urban industrial areas.docx

Groundwater quality was investigated in three urban semi-arid multi-industrial metropolitan areas i.e. (Hayatabad Industrial Estate, Peshawar (HIEP), Gadoon Industrial Estate, Swabi (GIES) and Hattar Industrial Estate, Haripur (HIEH). The main aim of the study was to determine their physicochemical parameters, potentially harmful elements (PHEs) concentration, pollution sources and public health risks in semi-arid multi-industrial metropolitan areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. The physicochemical parameters (pH, TDS and EC), PHEs (Cd, Zn, Pb, Cr and Ni) concentrations and Mg in drinking water sources were found within the permissible limits, except Fe, which exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) acceptable limit. Among PHEs, Zn had the highest contribution rates of 69.6%, 58.2% and 67.64% in HIEP, GIES and HIEH, respectively, while Cd showed the lowest contribution rates (3.15%, 1.98% and 2.06%) for HIEP, GIES and HIEH respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed significant correlations between parameters, with contributions of industrial effluents and wastewater discharge (46.81%), mixed sources (34.05%) and geo-genic sources (19.14%) for drinking water in the study area. The carcinogenic risk (CR) for Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb, were found within the acceptable threshold value of 1 × 10−4. This study suggests that urban groundwater should also be regularly monitored for PHEs contamination as over-extraction, industrialization and informal E-waste recycling events surges the public health risks globally, facing related environmental contamination difficulties of the urban groundwater.</p

Development of Piperine-Loaded Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System: Optimization, In-Vitro, Ex-Vivo, and In-Vivo Evaluation

Hypertension is a cardiovascular disease that needs long-term medication. Oral delivery is the most common route for the administration of drugs. The present research is to develop piperine self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (PE-SNEDDS) using glyceryl monolinoleate (GML), poloxamer 188, and transcutol HP as oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant, respectively. The formulation was optimized by three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design. PE-SNEDDs were characterized for globule size, emulsification time, stability, in-vitro release, and ex-vivo intestinal permeation study. The optimized PE-SNEDDS (OF3) showed the globule size of 70.34 ± 3.27 nm, percentage transmittance of 99.02 ± 2.02%, and emulsification time of 53 ± 2 s Finally, the formulation OF3 was transformed into solid PE-SNEDDS (S-PE-SNEDDS) using avicel PH-101 as adsorbent. The reconstituted SOF3 showed a globule size of 73.56 ± 3.54 nm, PDI of 0.35 ± 0.03, and zeta potential of −28.12 ± 2.54 mV. SEM image exhibited the PE-SNEDDS completely adsorbed on avicel. Thermal analysis showed the drug was solubilized in oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant. S-PE-SNEDDS formulation showed a more significant (p S. aureus and P. aeruginosa and antioxidant activity as compared to PE dispersion. The in vivo activity in rats exhibited better (p < 0.05) antihypertensive activity as well as 4.92-fold higher relative bioavailability than pure PE dispersion. Finally, from the results it can be concluded that S-PE-SNEDDS might be a better approach for the oral delivery to improve the absorption and therapeutic activity

Acute Subdural Hematoma Management in the Emergency Department

Acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt and effective management in the emergency department (ED). This review article aims to provide an overview of the current evidence-based management strategies for ASDH in the ED setting. The article begins by discussing the pathophysiology of ASDH, emphasizing the rapid accumulation of blood between the dura mater and the arachnoid membrane following a traumatic brain injury. This can lead to increased intracranial pressure and potentially fatal brain herniation if not promptly addressed. The review then outlines the initial assessment and resuscitation of patients with suspected ASDH in the ED. The article then delves into the specific management strategies for ASDH in the ED, including the role of neurosurgical consultation, and the potential need for emergent surgical intervention to evacuate the hematoma and relieve pressure on the brain. In conclusion, this review article provides a comprehensive overview of the current evidence-based management of ASDH in the ED, emphasizing the importance of prompt recognition, accurate diagnosis, and timely intervention to optimize patient outcomes

Traumatic Injuries of the Dorso-lumbar Spine, Review of Surgical Approaches

In this review we supply information on medical methods for thoraco-lumbar spine fracture management, their efficiency and complication rates, based on previously published researches and also give background information on epidemiology and classification of thoraco-lumbar fractures. We conducted a narrative review over the literature using electronic databases as; MEDLINE, and EMBASE for studies involving data on Dorso-lumbar Spine traumatic injuries, published in September 2019. Spine fractures account for a large portion of musculoskeletal injuries worldwide. A classification of back cracks is essential in order to establish a typical language for therapy indicators and results. Clinical exam, mechanism of injury, and imaging are heavily trusted to choose regarding medical versus non-surgical management