The Role of Sibling Configuration in Identity and Career Development

This synthetic literature review examines the characteristics of sibling configurations— which refer to the ordinal position of siblings, age spacing, and sex composition—in a traditional family setting. A general review of the literature on sibling configurations and relationships is presented, and their potential roles in the development of personality traits, self-concept and identity, and career choices are explored. This synthesis describes how sibling birth rank is affiliated with generalized personality traits and likelihood of siblings with these traits identifying with corresponding career interest-types associated with Holland’s vocational theory. Suggestions for future research include empirical studies investigating these connections, such the use of qualitative studies that examine the insights and experiences of all sibling groups, including those that represent less traditional configurations

Blood Pressure Screening Practices Among Dental Hygienists

“There is consensus on the importance of early detection and treatment of hypertension and dental care is one of the few medical services which involves a considerable proportion of the population returning for routine check-ups” (Berne, Engstrom, Gahnberg, & Svardsudd, 2011, p 194). Little is known about the frequency and consistency of blood pressure screening practices or barriers affecting these procedures. Research findings may support efforts to increase or routinize scope and frequency of this preventive procedure among dental healthcare providers or make it a standard of care. Data from the survey was used to assess what type of setting dental hygienists are working in, the length of time they have been practicing, whether blood pressure readings are taken, the type of procedures for which blood pressure readings are taken, reasons that readings may not be taken, and barriers to taking blood pressure readings. Approximately 500 Colorado Dental Hygiene Association members were asked to participate through an online survey. 109 respondents gave consent and completed the survey, constituting a 21.8% response rate for the survey. Based on the data collected in the survey, most respondents work in general dental practices and have worked for more than 20 years. Most dental hygienists reported taking blood pressure readings at each recall, whether it be every three-four months or every six months, depending on the recall. With most of the respondents indicating that blood pressure screening was emphasized in their dental hygiene curriculum, only half of the respondents take blood pressure readings on all patients and for all dental procedures. Study participants reported having too little time in appointments to perform this task and the equipment not being available or functional as the biggest reasonings for not taking blood pressure readings. Respondents reported the most common reason for taking blood pressure readings is that it is valued by themselves. Dental hygienists indicated that they believe the most common barrier for not partaking in blood pressure screening practices is having too little time in appointment

Class, Culture, and Motherhood: Women's Perceptions of Their Children in Sao Paulo, Brazil

172 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1993.The subject of this research is how women feel about their children--how pleasurable and how burdensome they perceive their children to be. Although this is a relatively unstudied topic, a woman's perceptions of her children may affect her own well-being and that of her children. Therefore, it merits inquiry. The research is based on two surveys of women with children living at home--318 mothers from the State of Sa Paulo, Brazil and 549 women from the Chicago metropolitan area of the United States. The research model proposed that a woman's social class and cultural affiliation affect her perceptions of her children and her own well-being by regulating the objective conditions of her life and her perceptions of those conditions. The model was estimated using hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The findings suggest that cultural values, beliefs, and traditions influenced the Brazilian and U.S. women's perceptions of their children, especially by providing meaning to their social relations. Social class differences were interpretable only within the overall cultural framework. There was no evidence that a Brazilian woman's well-being was affected by her attitudes toward her children. Findings about Brazilian women's well-being may not be applicable to U.S. women, however, because of differences between the two countries in the meaning of social relations.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD

Anatomical triangles defining routes to anterior communicating artery aneurysms: the junctional and precommunicating triangles and the role of dome projection

OBJECTIVE: Anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms are common intracranial aneurysms. Despite advances in endovascular therapy, microsurgical clipping remains an important treatment for aneurysms with broad necks, large size, intraluminal thrombus, complex branches, or previous coiling. Anatomical triangles identify safe corridors for aneurysm access. The authors introduce the A1-A2 junctional triangle and the A1-A1 precommunicating triangle and examine relationships between dome projection, triangular corridors of access, and surgical outcomes. METHODS: Preoperative catheter and CT angiograms were evaluated to characterize aneurysm dome projection. Aneurysm projection was categorized into quadrants and octants. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors were correlated to aneurysm dome projection and patient outcomes using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: A total of 513 patients with microsurgically treated ACoA aneurysms were identified over a 13-year period, and 400 had adequate imaging and follow-up data for inclusion. Surgical clipping was performed on 271 ruptured and 129 unruptured aneurysms. Good outcomes were observed in 91% of patients with unruptured aneurysms and 86% of those with ruptured aneurysms, with a mortality rate \u3c 1% among patients with unruptured aneurysms. Increasing age (p \u3c 0.01), larger aneurysm size (p = 0.03), and worse preoperative modified Rankin Scale score (p \u3c 0.01) affected outcomes adversely. Aneurysms projecting superiorly and posteriorly required dissection in the junctional triangle, and multivariate analysis demonstrated worse clinical outcomes in these patients (p \u3c 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Anteriorly and inferiorly projecting aneurysms involve only the precommunicating triangle, are simpler to treat microsurgically, and have more favorable outcomes. Superior and posterior dome projections make ACoA aneurysms more difficult to visualize and require opening the junctional triangle. Added visualization through the junctional triangle is recommended for these aneurysms in order to facilitate dissection of efferent branch arteries, careful clip application, and perforator preservation. Dome projection can be determined preoperatively from images and can help anticipate dissection routes through the junctional triangle