Effect of early bed activity training among acute hemiplegic subjects on their basic mobility - An Experimental study.

OBJECTIVE : To study the effects of early bed activity training on basic mobility among acute hemiplegic subjects. DESIGN : pre and post test experimental study. Sample size : Twenty hemiplegic subjects. Age between 40 – 60 years. Intervention : both groups were treated with conventional therapy within 24-48 hours of post stroke, with early bed activity training started only for the experimental group and control group was started within 6th or 7th day post stroke. Outcome measure : STREAM scale- mobility component for motor recovery. RESULTS : statistical analysis was done using the‘t’ tests, which showed a significant motor recovery in both the groups, the early bed activity group showing a significant improvement than the control group. CONCLUSION : Early bed activity training is a feasible and effective method in bringing about motor recovery in basic mobility among acute hemiplegic subjects

Differential Cellular Expression of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 After Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating sub-type of stroke with no proven treatment. Given the emerging role of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in neuroimmune responses, the objective of the current manuscript is to elucidate hemorrhagic-injury induced modulation and cellular expression of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in the brain in a pre-clinical model of ICH. To address this, ICH was induced in male CD1 mice by collagenase injection method. Western blotting as well as Immunofluorescence staining was performed to characterize the temporal expression pattern as well as cellular localization of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 after ICH. Further, genetic studies were conducted to assess the functional role of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in inflammatory response employing a murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7. Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 exhibited very profound and increased expression from day 3 to day 7-post-injury, in the perihematomal brain region after ICH in comparison to Sham. Further, Galectin-1 expression was mostly observed in GFAP-positive astrocytes whereas Galectin-3 expression was observed mostly in Iba1-positive microglia/macrophages as well as CD16/32 (M1 microglial/macrophage marker)-positive cells. Moreover, genetic studies revealed a negative regulatory role of both Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in the release of a proinflammatory cytokine, IL-6 from RAW 264.7 cells depending on the stimulus. Altogether, the present manuscript demonstrates for the first time, increased expression as well as cellular localization of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in the perihematomal brain regions after ICH. In addition, the manuscript raises the potential of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in modulating glial responses and thereby brain injury after ICH, warranting further investigation

DETECTING THE CRACKS ON RAILWAYS BASED ON WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

Railroads are vast bases and are the prime method of transportation in numerous nations. The railroads have turned into a prime method for transportation inferable from their ability, rate, and unwavering quality. Indeed, even a little change in execution of railroads has critical monetary advantages to rail industry. Hence, a legitimate upkeep technique is required to represent enhancement of examination recurrence and/or change in aptitude and productivity. Mishaps happening because of track breaking have been a major issue for railroads forever security and convenient administration of administrations. This breakage should be distinguished continuously before a train really draws close to the broken track and get subjected to a mishap. In this paper, various types of rail imperfections examination and support strategies are depicted and an essential calculation is readdressed that makes utilization of remote acoustic sensors for distinguishing splits and breakages in the railroad tracks

Ticarcillin degradation product thiophene acetic acid is a novel auxin analog that promotes organogenesis in tomato

Efficient regeneration of transgenic plants from explants after transformation is one of the crucial steps in developing genetically modified plants with desirable traits. Identification of novel plant growth regulators and developmental regulators will assist to enhance organogenesis in culture. In this study, we observed enhanced shoot regeneration from tomato cotyledon explants in culture media containing timentin, an antibiotic frequently used to prevent Agrobacterium overgrowth after transformation. Comparative transcriptome analysis of explants grown in the presence and absence of timentin revealed several genes previously reported to play important roles in plant growth and development, including Auxin Response Factors (ARFs), GRF Interacting Factors (GIFs), Flowering Locus T (SP5G), Small auxin up-regulated RNAs (SAUR) etc. Some of the differentially expressed genes were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. We showed that ticarcillin, the main component of timentin, degrades into thiophene acetic acid (TAA) over time. TAA was detected in plant tissue grown in media containing timentin. Our results showed that TAA is indeed a plant growth regulator that promotes root organogenesis from tomato cotyledons in a manner similar to the well-known auxins, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). In combination with the cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), TAA was shown to promote shoot organogenesis from tomato cotyledon in a concentration-dependent manner. To the best of our knowledge, the present study reports for the first time demonstrating the function of TAA as a growth regulator in a plant species. Our work will pave the way for future studies involving different combinations of TAA with other plant hormones which may play an important role in in vitro organogenesis of recalcitrant species. Moreover, the differentially expressed genes and long noncoding RNAs identified in our transcriptome studies may serve as contender genes for studying molecular mechanisms of shoot organogenesis

Dietary phytochemicals, HDAC inhibition, and DNA damage/repair defects in cancer cells

Genomic instability is a common feature of cancer etiology. This provides an avenue for therapeutic intervention, since cancer cells are more susceptible than normal cells to DNA damaging agents. However, there is growing evidence that the epigenetic mechanisms that impact DNA methylation and histone status also contribute to genomic instability. The DNA damage response, for example, is modulated by the acetylation status of histone and non-histone proteins, and by the opposing activities of histone acetyltransferase and histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes. Many HDACs overexpressed in cancer cells have been implicated in protecting such cells from genotoxic insults. Thus, HDAC inhibitors, in addition to unsilencing tumor suppressor genes, also can silence DNA repair pathways, inactivate non-histone proteins that are required for DNA stability, and induce reactive oxygen species and DNA double-strand breaks. This review summarizes how dietary phytochemicals that affect the epigenome also can trigger DNA damage and repair mechanisms. Where such data is available, examples are cited from studies in vitro and in vivo of polyphenols, organosulfur/organoselenium compounds, indoles, sesquiterpene lactones, and miscellaneous agents such as anacardic acid. Finally, by virtue of their genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, cancer chemopreventive agents are being redefined as chemo- or radio-sensitizers. A sustained DNA damage response coupled with insufficient repair may be a pivotal mechanism for apoptosis induction in cancer cells exposed to dietary phytochemicals. Future research, including appropriate clinical investigation, should clarify these emerging concepts in the context of both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms dysregulated in cancer, and the pros and cons of specific dietary intervention strategies

The commerce of curiosity: Seventeenth-century French travel accounts of India.

This dissertation examines seventeenth-century French travel accounts on India, and studies how the concept of Curiosity is used to promote travel amongst its readers, and thereby increase future commercial opportunities for the French, who were the last European power to set up trade establishments in India. From amongst all the published documents comprising of soldiers and sailors' official letters, the descriptive letters of the Jesuit missionaries, and ordinary travellers such as merchants, I am particularly interested in looking at how these ordinary folk internalize or use the State agenda as their own, and examining how they create and exploit structures of curiosity and utility in the commerce of their travel writings. The concept of curiosity changes meaning in the 17th century, and takes a turn from an entirely negative to a more positive one, thereby incorporating both shades of meaning. Since the times demanded that one should instruire et plaire, I will distinguish between good and bad curiosity, study the concepts of curiosity and utility, and show how their balance is essential in imparting knowledge to the readers and yet entertain with anecdotes. The collection of curiosities displayed in a cabinet de curiosites , was a popular pastime of the seventeenth-century. I see the travel account as being similar to a cabinet de curiosites: they are both familiar domestic spaces, in which strange, unfamiliar objects are put on display in order to tame, control and possess an unfamiliar Other. This gathering of collections and exhibiting them in cabinets; or collecting of events and tales to exhibit in a text, are simply miniature versions of a grander operation of the state. As Said and Foucault have shown us, all study, knowledge and evaluation of the Other are instruments of power and conquest. Travel writing in the seventeenth century was a commercial activity in that it encouraged the exploration and exploitation of commercial opportunities abroad, and is synonymous with utility, profit and commerce sold through the vehicule of Curiosity.Ph.D.Language, Literature and LinguisticsRomance literatureUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/131976/2/9938513.pd

LASER MULTI-SPECTRAL CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY FOR STRUCTURED ILLUMINATION IMAGING

Confocal laser scanning microscopy is a powerful and well-established technique with a wide range of applications. Structured illumination microscopy is a technique to extend the spatial resolution by a factor of two or potentially more beyond Abbe’s microscopy limit by using patterned illumination light. Certain aspects of each technique can be combined to give a new approach with advantageous features of each. Theoretical work has been done to demonstrate the applicability of SIM principle to CLSM. This research focuses on experimental investigation and developing a state-of-the-art instrumentation that can be deployed to demonstrate this concept. Research challenges are expected for all aspects of the proposed work. The anticipated ultimate impact of this research is a new feature that can be added to existing and future CLSM systems that can double the spatial resolution of these systems. Given the large number of existing CLSM for numerous applications, this feature may have a substantial commercial market.Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department o