Theoretical analysis of features of dipole and quadrupole configurations of partial disclinations in nanocrystals of metals

The results of theoretical analysis of fields of local internal stresses and their gradients of nonequilibrium substructures in metal materials during the formation of nanostructural states in conditions of intensive deformation are presented. Possibility of use of disclinational approach within the continual theory of defects for description of the above mentioned states at nanoscale structural level is shown. Dipole and quadrupole configurations of wedge partial disclinations are considered. It's shown that the size of local internal stresses and their gradients can reach P ≈ E/50 and ∂P/∂x ≈ 0.02 nm-1 respectively. The calculating experiment demonstrates that high values of local internal stresses and their gradients in the field of elastic distortions can be described by multipole configurations of partial disclinations like dipole/quadrupole. The problem of the nanodipole configuration of partial disclinations and its disintegration on quadrupoles system is considered

Neuropsychological Study of Resilience of School Graduates of the Region of Ecological Trouble

The article presents the data of neuropsychological research in the framework of a comprehensive study of the resilience of the youth population (secondary school graduates) of the region of ecological trouble – Zabajkal‘skij kraj. The authors consider resilience as a systemic characteristic of the system ‘man–life environment’. The model of resilience including psychophysiological, psychological and personal levels is offered. Standardized psychometric and neuropsychological methods are used to evaluate level’s indicators. School graduates residing in ecologically unfavorable territories identified drift of psychophysiological level in the direction of lower standards and regulatory intensity indicators of psychological and personal levels ofresilience. Using a neuropsychological approach with the aim of finding mechanisms to a reduction of the indicators of the psycho-physiological level of resilience allowed us to determine the presence of signs of deficiency of certain brain areas (posterior frontal and parietal). It was established that with the increase of degree of the ecology trouble territories of research, there is a reliable increase of mistakes ofaccomplishment by test subjects who live on them, the neuropsychological tests investigating visually spatial functions, and also functions of the serial organization of mental activity. Though there is the presence of correlations between indicators of different levels of resilience, but the rating and the explanation by virtue of their disparate data is difficult. The search for correlates, in this case, can be more aimed at proving the possibility of the existence of the proposed model of resilience, its consistency and productivity of the instruments that are used for its study. Keywords: neuropsychological study, resilience, level of resilience, ecological trouble, secondary school graduate

Convention Mechanism of International Cooperation on Preventing and Combating Drug Trafficking

The article presents the author's analysis of the international legal regulation of combating drug crime. It is considered the role of cooperation between the international organizations and law enforcement bodies in this field on the basis of two basic conventions: it is substantiated the need for transnational approaches in preventing and combating drug crim

Theoretical analysis of features of dipole and quadrupole configurations of partial disclinations in nanocrystals of metals

The results of theoretical analysis of fields of local internal stresses and their gradients of nonequilibrium substructures in metal materials during the formation of nanostructural states in conditions of intensive deformation are presented. Possibility of use of disclinational approach within the continual theory of defects for description of the above mentioned states at nanoscale structural level is shown. Dipole and quadrupole configurations of wedge partial disclinations are considered. It's shown that the size of local internal stresses and their gradients can reach P ≈ E/50 and ∂P/∂x ≈ 0.02 nm-1 respectively. The calculating experiment demonstrates that high values of local internal stresses and their gradients in the field of elastic distortions can be described by multipole configurations of partial disclinations like dipole/quadrupole. The problem of the nanodipole configuration of partial disclinations and its disintegration on quadrupoles system is considered

Neuropsychological Study of Resilience of School Graduates of the Region of Ecological Trouble

The article presents the data of neuropsychological research in the framework of a comprehensive study of the resilience of the youth population (secondary school graduates) of the region of ecological trouble – Zabajkal‘skij kraj. The authors consider resilience as a systemic characteristic of the system ‘man–life environment'. The model of resilience including psychophysiological, psychological and personal levels is offered. Standardized psychometric and neuropsychological methods are used to evaluate level's indicators. School graduates residing in ecologically unfavorable territories identified drift of psychophysiological level in the direction of lower standards and regulatory intensity indicators of psychological and personal levels ofresilience. Using a neuropsychological approach with the aim of finding mechanisms to a reduction of the indicators of the psycho-physiological level of resilience allowed us to determine the presence of signs of deficiency of certain brain areas (posterior frontal and parietal). It was established that with the increase of degree of the ecology trouble territories of research, there is a reliable increase of mistakes ofaccomplishment by test subjects who live on them, the neuropsychological tests investigating visually spatial functions, and also functions of the serial organization of mental activity. Though there is the presence of correlations between indicators of different levels of resilience, but the rating and the explanation by virtue of their disparate data is difficult. The search for correlates, in this case, can be more aimed at proving the possibility of the existence of the proposed model of resilience, its consistency and productivity of the instruments that are used for its study. Keywords: neuropsychological study, resilience, level of resilience, ecological trouble, secondary school graduate

Unravelling institutional determinants affecting change in agriculture in West Africa

This paper compares lessons learned from nine studies that explored institutional determinants of innovation towards sustainable intensification of West African agriculture. The studies investigated issues relating to crop, animal, and resources management in Benin, Ghana, and Mali. The constraints addressed were agronomic or economic (e.g. low production, yield, quality, prices) and institutional (e.g. poor access to resources and constraining regulations) and were analysed using an array of research approaches. The studies showed that political ambitions to foster institutional change were often high (restoring the Beninese cotton sector and protecting Ghanaian farmers against fluctuating cocoa prices) and that the institutional change achieved was often remarkable. However, flexibility of institutions, co-evolution of technical and institutional change, and increased transparency are needed to make institutional change successful. The programme Convergence of Sciences – Strengthening Agricultural Innovation Systems encouraged interventions where needed and enabled researchers and stakeholders to acquire the change capacities required to identify the need and potential for change and to make change happen. More research is needed to design pathways towards sustainable intensification based on social and technological innovation. Policy-makers should create space for institutional experimentation and empower smallholder farmers in West Africa to create resilient, local food systems to feed burgeoning urban populations