Rancang Bangun Game Virtual Reality SUSS Chemical Plant pada Perusahaan FXMedia

Laporan kerja magang ini membahas tugas yang dilakukan pada program kerja magang di perusahaan FXMedia Internet Pt. Ltd sebagai Unity Developer Intern. FXMedia Internet Pt. Ltd merupakan sebuah perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang teknologi dan juga bergerak dalam pembangunan lingkungan di dalam Metaverse. Unity Developer Intern pada perusahaan FXMedia Internet Pt. Ltd bertanggung jawab dalam pembuatan proyek rancang bangun game SUSS Chemical Plant dengan menggunakan game engine Unity. Perancangan dan pembuatan Game virtual reality SUSS Chemical plant berdasarkan permintaan yang diterima oleh perusahaan FXMedia Internet Pt. Ltd dari Singapore University of Social Sciences. Dalam pembuatan proyek game virtual reality SUSS Chemical Plant dibagi menjadi dua tahapan yaitu perancangan dan implementasi. Rancangan dari game virtual reality SUSS Chemical Plant telah terealisasikan. Game virtual reality SUSS Chemical Plant dapat memberikan pengalaman bekeraja di pabrik kimia dengan menyelesaikan semua tugas yang ada. Proyek SUSS Chemical Plant telah selesai dibangun dan telah dipresentasikan kepada client dan proyek SUSS Chemical Plant masih berjalan

Novel β-N-acetylglucosaminidases from Vibrio harveyi 650: Cloning, expression, enzymatic properties, and subsite identification

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Since chitin is a highly abundant natural biopolymer, many attempts have been made to convert this insoluble polysaccharide into commercially valuable products using chitinases and <it>β</it>-<it>N</it>-acetylglucosaminidases (GlcNAcases). We have previously reported the structure and function of chitinase A from <it>Vibrio harveyi </it>650. This study t reports the identification of two GlcNAcases from the same organism and their detailed functional characterization.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The genes encoding two new members of family-20 GlcNAcases were isolated from the genome of <it>V. harveyi </it>650, cloned and expressed at a high level in <it>E. coli</it>. <it>Vh</it>Nag1 has a molecular mass of 89 kDa and an optimum pH of 7.5, whereas <it>Vh</it>Nag2 has a molecular mass of 73 kDa and an optimum pH of 7.0. The recombinant GlcNAcases were found to hydrolyze all the natural substrates, <it>Vh</it>Nag2 being ten-fold more active than <it>Vh</it>Nag1. Product analysis by TLC and quantitative HPLC suggested that <it>Vh</it>Nag2 degraded chitooligosaccharides in a sequential manner, its highest activity being with chitotetraose. Kinetic modeling of the enzymic reaction revealed that binding at subsites (-2) and (+4) had unfavorable (positive) binding free energy changes and that the binding pocket of <it>Vh</it>Nag2 contains four GlcNAc binding subsites, designated (-1),(+1),(+2), and (+3).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Two novel GlcNAcases were identified as exolytic enzymes that degraded chitin oligosaccharides, releasing GlcNAc as the end product. In living cells, these intracellular enzymes may work after endolytic chitinases to complete chitin degradation. The availability of the two GlcNAcases, together with the previously-reported chitinase A from the same organism, suggests that a systematic development of the chitin-degrading enzymes may provide a valuable tool in commercial chitin bioconversion.</p

A structural model for (GlcNAc)2 translocation via a periplasmic chitooligosaccharide-binding protein from marine Vibrio bacteria

VhCBP is a periplasmic chitooligosaccharide-binding protein mainly responsible for translocation of the chitooligosaccharide (GlcNAc)2 across the double membranes of marine bacteria. However, structural and thermodynamic understanding of the sugar-binding/-release processes of VhCBP is relatively less. VhCBP displayed the greatest affinity toward (GlcNAc)2, with lower affinity for longer-chain chitooligosaccharides [(GlcNAc)3–4]. (GlcNAc)4 partially occupied the closed sugar-binding groove, with two reducing-end GlcNAc units extending beyond the sugar-binding groove and barely characterized by weak electron density. Mutation of three conserved residues (Trp363, Asp365, and Trp513) to Ala resulted in drastic decreases in the binding affinity toward the preferred substrate (GlcNAc)2, indicating their significant contributions to sugar binding. The structure of the W513A–(GlcNAc)2 complex in a ‘half-open’ conformation unveiled the intermediary step of the (GlcNAc)2 translocation from the soluble CBP in the periplasm to the inner membrane–transporting components. Isothermal calorimetry data suggested that VhCBP adopts the high-affinity conformation to bind (GlcNAc)2, while its low-affinity conformation facilitated sugar release. Thus, chitooligosaccharide translocation, conferred by periplasmic VhCBP, is a crucial step in the chitin catabolic pathway, allowing Vibrio bacteria to thrive in oceans where chitin is their major source of nutrients

Structural basis for chitin acquisition by marine <i>Vibrio </i>species

Chitin degrading bacteria are important for marine ecosystems. Here the authors structurally and functionally characterize the Vibrio harveyi outer membrane diffusion channel chitoporin and give mechanistic insights into chito-oligosaccharide uptake

Synaptic Proteins Linked to HIV-1 Infection and Immunoproteasome Induction: Proteomic Analysis of Human Synaptosomes

Infection of the central nervous system with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) can produce morphological changes in the neocortical synaptodendritic arbor that are correlated with neurocognitive impairment. To determine whether HIV-1 infection influences the protein composition of human synapses, a proteomic study of isolated nerve endings was undertaken. Synaptosomes from frontal neocortex were isolated using isopyknic centrifugation from 19 human brain specimens. Purity and enrichment were assessed by measuring pre- and postsynaptic protein markers. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to screen for proteins differentially expressed in HIV/AIDS. The concentrations of 31 candidate protein spots were potentially abnormal in HIV-infected decedents with HIV encephalitis and/or increased expression of immunoproteasome subunits. Immunoblots showed that the concentration of some of them was related to HIV-1 infection of the brain and immunoproteasome (IPS) induction. Synapsin 1b and stathmin were inversely related to brain HIV-1 load; 14-3-3ζ and 14-4-4ε proteins were higher in subjects with HIV-1 loads. Perturbed synaptosome proteins were linked with IPS subunit composition, and 14-3-3ζ was histologically colocalized with IPS subunits in stained neocortical neurons. Proteomics illustrates that certain human proteins within the synaptic compartment are involved with changes in the synaptodendritic arbor and neurocognitive impairment in HIV-1-infected people

Chitin Research Revisited

Two centuries after the discovery of chitin, it is widely accepted that this biopolymer is an important biomaterial in many aspects. Numerous studies on chitin have focused on its biomedical applications. In this review, various aspects of chitin research including sources, structure, biosynthesis, chitinolytic enzyme, chitin binding protein, genetic engineering approach to produce chitin, chitin and evolution, and a wide range of applications in bio- and nanotechnology will be dealt with