Identification of Hemorrhage and Infarct Lesions on Brain CT Images using Deep Learning

Head Non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) scan remain the preferred primary imaging modality due to their widespread availability and speed. However, the current standard for manual annotations of abnormal brain tissue on head NCCT scans involves significant disadvantages like lack of cutoff standardization and degeneration identification. The recent advancement of deep learning-based computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) models in the multidisciplinary domain has created vast opportunities in neurological medical imaging. Significant literature has been published earlier in the automated identification of brain tissue on different imaging modalities. However, determining Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and infarct can be challenging due to image texture, volume size, and scan quality variability. This retrospective validation study evaluated a DL-based algorithm identifying ICH and infarct from head-NCCT scans. The head-NCCT scans dataset was collected consecutively from multiple diagnostic imaging centers across India. The study exhibits the potential and limitations of such DL-based software for introduction in routine workflow in extensive healthcare facilities

Improving Stability of Adversarial Li-ion Cell Usage Data Generation using Generative Latent Space Modelling

International audienc

Hydrophobicity-Based Grading of Industrial Composite Insulators Images Using Cross Attention Vision Transformer With Knowledge Distillation

International audienc

A Multi-Scale Context Aggregation Enriched MLP-Mixer Model for Oral Cancer Screening from Oral Sub-epithelial Connective Tissues

International audienc

Using Artificial Intelligence to Stratify Normal versus Abnormal Chest X-rays: External Validation of a Deep Learning Algorithm at East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust

Background: The chest radiograph (CXR) is the most frequently performed radiological examination worldwide. The increasing volume of CXRs performed in hospitals causes reporting backlogs and increased waiting times for patients, potentially compromising timely clinical intervention and patient safety. Implementing computer-aided detection (CAD) artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms capable of accurate and rapid CXR reporting could help address such limitations. A novel use for AI reporting is the classification of CXRs as ‘abnormal’ or ‘normal’. This classification could help optimize resource allocation and aid radiologists in managing their time efficiently. Methods: qXR is a CE-marked computer-aided detection (CAD) software trained on over 4.4 million CXRs. In this retrospective cross-sectional pre-deployment study, we evaluated the performance of qXR in stratifying normal and abnormal CXRs. We analyzed 1040 CXRs from various referral sources, including general practices (GP), Accident and Emergency (A&E) departments, and inpatient (IP) and outpatient (OP) settings at East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust. The ground truth for the CXRs was established by assessing the agreement between two senior radiologists. Results: The CAD software had a sensitivity of 99.7% and a specificity of 67.4%. The sub-group analysis showed no statistically significant difference in performance across healthcare settings, age, gender, and X-ray manufacturer. Conclusions: The study showed that qXR can accurately stratify CXRs as normal versus abnormal, potentially reducing reporting backlogs and resulting in early patient intervention, which may result in better patient outcomes

Role of an Automated Deep Learning Algorithm for Reliable Screening of Abnormality in Chest Radiographs: A Prospective Multicenter Quality Improvement Study

In medical practice, chest X-rays are the most ubiquitous diagnostic imaging tests. However, the current workload in extensive health care facilities and lack of well-trained radiologists is a significant challenge in the patient care pathway. Therefore, an accurate, reliable, and fast computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system capable of detecting abnormalities in chest X-rays is crucial in improving the radiological workflow. In this prospective multicenter quality-improvement study, we have evaluated whether artificial intelligence (AI) can be used as a chest X-ray screening tool in real clinical settings. Methods: A team of radiologists used the AI-based chest X-ray screening tool (qXR) as a part of their daily reporting routine to report consecutive chest X-rays for this prospective multicentre study. This study took place in a large radiology network in India between June 2021 and March 2022. Results: A total of 65,604 chest X-rays were processed during the study period. The overall performance of AI achieved in detecting normal and abnormal chest X-rays was good. The high negatively predicted value (NPV) of 98.9% was achieved. The AI performance in terms of area under the curve (AUC), NPV for the corresponding subabnormalities obtained were blunted CP angle (0.97, 99.5%), hilar dysmorphism (0.86, 99.9%), cardiomegaly (0.96, 99.7%), reticulonodular pattern (0.91, 99.9%), rib fracture (0.98, 99.9%), scoliosis (0.98, 99.9%), atelectasis (0.96, 99.9%), calcification (0.96, 99.7%), consolidation (0.95, 99.6%), emphysema (0.96, 99.9%), fibrosis (0.95, 99.7%), nodule (0.91, 99.8%), opacity (0.92, 99.2%), pleural effusion (0.97, 99.7%), and pneumothorax (0.99, 99.9%). Additionally, the turnaround time (TAT) decreased by about 40.63% from pre-qXR period to post-qXR period. Conclusions: The AI-based chest X-ray solution (qXR) screened chest X-rays and assisted in ruling out normal patients with high confidence, thus allowing the radiologists to focus more on assessing pathology on abnormal chest X-rays and treatment pathways