Physical Processes around Galactic Nuclei

Supermassive Black Holes (SMBHs) located at the center of the galaxies and their activities in their immediate surroundings impact the properties and evolution of their host galaxy. This influence can be attributed to various factors, including radiation pressure, the interaction of radio plasma with Interstellar Medium (ISM), Active Galactic Nucleus outflows, and/or relativistic jets that inject energy and transport gas from the center to the other regions of the galaxy. In my thesis, I explore the physical processes and interactions in three different black hole environments: AGNs with HMBHs, the Galactic Centre, and Green Pea/Bean galaxies with fading AGNs. Black holes with masses over $10^{10} M_{\odot}$ have ionizing UV spectra that create broad and narrow emission lines in quasars by interacting with the surrounding medium. We examined if this phenomenon introduces a statistical bias against detecting Hypermassive black holes (HMBH). We used a correlation between $L_{X}/L_{UV}$ to create spectral energy distributions for black holes with masses $10^{6}-10^{12} M_{\odot}$ This set of SEDs was then used in the photoionization code CLOUDY to predict emission line strengths of numerous clouds using the ‘locally optimally emitting cloud’ model. We discovered that the commonly used optical lines H$\beta$ and H$\alpha$ decline rapidly at higher BH masses. Instead, the UV lines O VI 1034 \AA $$ and C IV 1549 \AA $$ are better suited to detect HMBH. Using the ratio of the narrow emission lines in BPT diagrams, we found that HMBH may be misclassified as star-forming galaxies instead of AGN. We studied the Galactic Center using MIR emission, observing dust features along the mini-spiral and detecting several resolved filaments and clumps. We report the proper motions, temperatures, spectral indices, and flux densities of these sources. We also identified stream-like motion of extended clumps along the mini-spiral, and MIR counterparts of the radio tail components of the IRS7 source. Additionally, we analyzed the shape and orientation of the extended late-type IRS3 star, which is consistent with the ALMA sub-mm detection of the source. We studied 'Green Peas' or 'Green Beans' galaxies with strong [OIII] 5007\AA $$ emissions. We selected high [OIII] emitting galaxies from a larger sample and conducted LBT-MODS long-slit spectroscopy on the 12 closest sources. We found that there is no preferential direction for NLR extension, indicating no impact of jets on the EELR. The extension in [OII] is extended much further along the galactic plane when compared to [OIII]

MyVote - An Effective Online Voting System that can be Trusted

In a country where leaders are elected by the people, election, and the process of electing play a crucial role. Every citizen of a country has the right to vote. There are different ways of casting a vote and electing an individual. With such a large population, the country needs its own effective and secure voting system. The voting system has made drastic changes from traditional paper ballot voting to current electronic voting and now the online voting system. Advancements in the new system eliminate the drawbacks of the previous system. This paper proposes a new online voting system that provides every individual to cast a vote securely and effectively irrespective of the location

Design and Implementation of Sensing Methods on One-Tenth Scale of an Autonomous Race Car

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Self-driving is simply the capacity of a vehicle to drive itself without human intervention. To accomplish this, the vehicle utilizes mechanical and electronic parts, sensors, actuators and an AI computer. The on-board PC runs advanced programming, which permits the vehicle to see and comprehend its current circumstance dependent on sensor input, limit itself in that climate and plan the ideal course from point A to point B. Independent driving is not an easy task, and to create self-sufficient driving arrangements is an exceptionally significant ability in the present programming designing field. ROS is a robust and versatile communication middle ware (framework) tailored and widely used for robotics applications. This thesis work intends to show how ROS could be used to create independent driving programming by investigating self-governing driving issues, looking at existing arrangements and building up a model vehicle utilizing ROS. The main focus of this thesis is to develop and implement a one-tenth scale of an autonomous RACECAR equipped with Jetson Nano board as the on-board computer, PCA9685 as PWM driver, sensors, and a ROS based software architecture. Finally, by following the methods presented in this thesis, it is conceivable to build an autonomous RACECAR that runs on ROS. By following the means portrayed in this theory of work, it is conceivable to build up a self-governing vehicle

Projections of Typhoon Wind Speeds for Estimating the Future Typhoon Wind Hazard Due to Climate Change in the Asia Pacific Basin

Typhoons are among the most common and dangerous natural hazards that affect the coastal regions and islands in Asia. The typhoon activity is expected to increase in the future due to climate change. In this study, a stochastic typhoon simulation framework has been developed to simulate the typhoon tracks. An improved typhoon track simulation model is implemented which can be used to generate long-term typhoon database for Asia consisting of typhoon tracks with parameters including latitude, longitude, translational speed, heading direction, central pressure, radius of maximum winds and Holland B parameter simulated at 6h time interval. A new regression equation is introduced for modeling the radius of maximum winds (RMW) and Holland B parameter. Central pressure decay model is developed individually for mainland Asia, Japan, Philippines and Taiwan. The simulation model is used to generate long-term typhoon track database for Asia. The track database is validated by comparing the statistics of various typhoon parameters of the simulation model with past typhoon historical records. Typhoon database generated using the simulation model is validated with historical typhoon records by comparing the key parameters of simulated storms with historical observations at selected locations in the coast of China, Japan, Philippines, Taiwan and Korea. Good agreement is observed between simulated and historical tracks. The track database is used to produce a long-term typhoon wind-hazard database which can be used to generate wind hazard curves. The wind speeds calculated are validated using historical wind speed data provided by wind stations from various sources. The wind database is developed for coastal regions of Japan, China, Vietnam, Philippines and Taiwan and the database can be used for estimating the wind speeds at several return periods, allocating wind loads in design of structures and also assessing the insurance loss to prepare the funds required to mitigate the typhoon wind damage in coastal areas. Impact of global warming on typhoon activity is analyzed in this study. Sea surface temperature is one of the major factors in intensifying the storms. Sea surface temperature projections under multiple climate change scenarios based on global climate models (GCM) in The United Nations Inter Governmental Panel (IPCC) 5th assessment report are considered in this study. The sea surface temperature projection by three Representative Concentrated Pathways (RCP) of greenhouse gas emissions by the end of this century are incorporated in the typhoon simulation model. Scientific observations show latitude band of tropical cyclones is likely to shift poleward due to global warming. Sea surface temperature and poleward shift of storm genesis are two scenarios of climate change analyzed in this study. Twelve different climate change scenarios which consider the effect of poleward shift and RCPs are analyzed to understand the impact of these scenarios on typhoon activity in Asia. Typhoon databases are generated using the twelve climate change scenarios in 2100 and compared with the typhoon activity under current climate. Changes in annual approach rates of typhoons under multiple climate change scenarios are calculated. Wind speeds are calculated using each climate change scenario for multiple locations in the coast of Asia. Changes in the wind speeds for different return periods are analyzed for each climate change scenario by comparing with windspeeds of current climate condition. To investigate the influence of environmental variables on genesis activity, a genesis index regression equation is considered with sea surface temperature, relative humidity, wind shear and absolute vorticity as variables. Coefficients are fitted for environmental variables to estimate storm genesis rate. Environmental variables from RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 in year 2100 are substituted in the genesis index equation to estimate the change in storm frequency under three RCP scenarios. Track databases are generated using the genesis index and sea surface temperatures of three RCP scenarios. Wind speeds are calculated for selected locations in the coast of Asia to estimate the impact of climate change in occurence rate and wind hazard in these locations

A controlled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of Shalaparnyadi Kwatha in the management of Vataja Grahani

Background: Current mechanized life, irregular dietary patterns, irregularity in daily practices, junk food indulgence, stressful life, over usage of pesticides and chemicals leads to various gastro intestinal disorders. These factors hamper the digestive capacity of individuals and develop the disease Grahani. Shalaparnyadi Kwatha mentioned in treatment of Vataja Grahani in Sharangadhara Samhita is taken up for study in the management of Vataja Grahani. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Shalapanryadi Kwatha in Vataja Grahani. Method:  The study was a double arm open labelled controlled clinical trial with pre and post-test study design. There were total of 41 subjects involved in the study and were divided into two groups - Group A (trial group) with 21 subjects and Group B (controlled group) with 20 subjects. Group A was administered with Shalaparnyadhi Kwatha and Panchamooladya Choorna and Group B was administered with Panchamooladya Choorna for 30 consecutive days. Result: A controlled clinical study was conducted on subjects of Vataja Grahani with Shalaparnyadi Kwatha and Panchamooladya Choorna in trial group and Panchamooladya Choorna in control group both the interventions were effective in management of Vataja Grahani. Based on the mean value and statistically significant difference between the groups, trial group showed better result than control group in Amayukta Mala Pravrutti and Udara Shoola. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the results that added effect of Shalaparnyadi Kwatha with Panchamooladya Choorna is more effective than Panchamooladya Choorna alone

NewSociRank: Recognizing and Ranking Frequent News Topics Using Social Media Factors

Mass media sources such as news media used to inform us of daily events before. Now a day, unlike news media, social media services like Twitter provide a huge amount of user-generated data, which contain informative news-related content. For these resources to be useful, we need to find a way to filter the noise and capture only the content based on its similarity to the news media. However, even after noise is removed, information overload may still exist in the remaining data-hence, it is convenient to prioritize it for consumption. To achieve prioritization, the information must be ranked in order of estimated importance considering three factors. First, the media focus(MF) of a topic, the temporal prevalence of a particular topic in the news media. Second, user attention (UA), the temporal prevalence of the topic in social media. Last, the interaction between the social media users who mention this topic indicates the strength of the community discussing it, and can be regarded as the user interaction (UI) toward the topic. We propose an unsupervised framework�NewSociRank�which recognizes the news topics prevalent(common) in both social media and the news media, and then ranks them by relevance(popularity) using their degrees of MF, UA, and UI

WebGIS– Based Solution for Parking Slot Allotment in Defoliated Area

In today’s modern world, parking vehicles in a defoliated area in real time is the most challenging task. To meet this requirement of the user, an application which consumes less cost and saves time is required. This paper presents such an application,where geospatial information is retrieved from satellites and analyzed to extract the information related to geography of the worldfrom the GIS service. Using WebGIS through web browser displays the solution on the map for vehicle parking which can handle huge amount of data. This application helps the user to make smart decision based on the availability of the parking slot conveniently. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15059

Ayurvedic and modern review on types of Sugar

Sugar is a natural ingredient that has been part of our diet, medicine since ancient times. Sugar made from sugar cane is consumed mostly and said to have health benefits. There are some Sharkara’s (sugar) told in Ayurvedic classics which are not in use now days. The functional quality and medicinal quality differ according to form and origin of sugar. In Ayurveda specific description of different types of Sharkara method of processing and their properties can be seen. Now industrializations keep sugar to undergo several chemical processing steps to make it into the refined sugar. This results into decline in health benefits of sugar. This article reviews Sharkara in Ayurveda classics and different forms of sugar used in present days. Information collected from various classics and published information on recent research articles in PubMed, Dhara online data bases and other allied databases were taken into consideration for the review