Levantar el burka: las mujeres afganas y su realidad a través de la pantalla

Análisis histórico, social, religioso y cultural de la realidad de las mujeres afganas más allá del reconocido símbolo identitario del burka, levantándolo y observando la verdadera cara de las mujeres que hay bajo él a través de diferentes fuentes y utilizando el cine como herramienta de conocimiento en discursos y situaciones. Tres películas sirven a este objetivo: A las cinco de la tarde, el filme de Samira Makhmalbaf en el que una mujer afgana intenta por todos los medios lograr su espacio en la política del país; Kandahar, de Mosen Makhmalbaf, donde podemos ver en qué condiciones acceden las mujeres a la salud o conocer la diáspora femenina afgana; y Buda explotó por vergüenza, de la pequeña de la familia, Hana, en la que, a través de una fábula, una niña hace lo imposible por asistir a la escuela.This project carries out a historical, social, religious and cultural analysis of the Afghan women’s reality beyond the universally recognized symbol of the burka, aiming to lift it and see the true faces of the women hidden behind, using different sources and especially the cinema as a key tool to understand discourses and situations. With that objective in mind, three films are the focus of attention: At Five in the Afternoon (Panj e asr) by Samira Makhmalbaf, a film in which an Afghan woman tries her best to get her own space into the political field of her country; Kandahar by Mosen Makhmalbaf Where we see the conditions under which women’s health is treated or discover the female diaspora; and Buddha collapsed out of shame (Buda as sharm forurikht) by Hana Makhmalbaf ―the youngest member of the family― a fable in which a girl tries by all means to attend school

La educación CTS en Argentina y su inclusión en el currículo de la educación secundaria obligatoria

La Naturaleza de la Ciencia (NdC) incluye la reflexión respecto de losmétodos para validar el conocimiento científico, los valores implicadosen las actividades de la Ciencia, las relaciones con la tecnología, lanaturaleza de la comunidad científica, las relaciones de la sociedad conel sistema tecno-científico así como los aportes de éste a la cultura y alprogreso de la sociedad. Especialistas en nuestro país, como Agustín Adúriz-Bravo, introducen herramientas conceptuales de la NdC para ser utilizadas por el docente frente a sus alumnos, tales como la descripción, explicación, inferencia y deducción entre otras. El docente es el guía y orientador de dichas herramientas conceptuales, lo que permite que el estudiante vea a la ciencia de manera diferente.Fil: Suárez, Ana Isabel. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; ArgentinaFil: Maldonado, Alejandro Fabián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Modelado e Innovación Tecnológica. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Naturales y Agrimensura. Instituto de Modelado e Innovación Tecnológica; Argentin

Academic book reviews of literature in English and Spanish: writers’ visibility and invisibility strategies for expressing critical comments

345 p.One important academic writing skill is the ability of writers to construe an appropriate representation of themselves and their work through their textual voice. One way in which writers achieve this is by intruding into their text in order to explicitly signal or conceal their personal responsibility for the ideas referenced in it. However, writers’ decisions in this respect have shown to be highly problematic in English for Academic Purposes (EAP), especially for non-native English speakers. Our paper hypothesizes that a part of this problem might be related to differing crosscultural notions of good face, partly reflected in the ways and the extent to which writers typically intrude into their texts by means of writers’ visibility and invisibility strategies. We explore this hypothesis by comparing the actual practices followed by writers from two different writing cultures to express one specific type of claim (a critical comment on a book under review) in one specific genre (an academic book review) and one disciplinary field (literature). Our comparison is based on two corpora consisting of 20 texts in British & American English and 20 in Castilian Spanish. The results show that reviewers from these two writing cultures differ greatly in their preferences for reaffirming or suppressing their personal identity when expressing critical comments on a book under review. This indicates that the notion of good face is culturally determined in this respect. We discuss our results in the light of information obtained through a pilot e-mail interview with relevant informants

Managing CNS Tumors: The Nanomedicine Approach

Albeit the rapidly evolving knowledge about tumor biochemistry enables various new drug molecules to be designed as treatments, malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumors remain untreatable due to the failure to expose the entire tumor to such therapeutics at pharmacologically meaningful quantities. Therefore, drug delivery in CNS tumors must be properly addressed, as otherwise, novel therapies will continue to fail. In this regard, nanomedicine poses an appealing platform for efficient drug delivery to the CNS, since it may be targeted to improve the drug availability in the site of action, which would be translated into lower drug doses and fewer side effects. Hence, the accumulation of data about the CNS physiology and their relevant receptors, the widening therapeutic armamentarium of drugs potentially useful in CNS chemotherapy and the alternative routes for administration may envisage nanomedicines as a forthcoming routine approach. Indeed, on the basis of the promising results gathered from preclinical studies of nanomedicine-based therapy both systemically and locally administered, some nanomedicines have already been approved for clinical trials in a variety of CNS tumor conditions to serve as the first steps in the translation of nanotherapy to clinic. Their outcome will steer research directions for further improvements

Chemical composition of lipophilic extractives from non-woody plants used for manufacturing high-quality papers

The chemical composition of lipophilic extractives from fibers of three annual plants, namely hemp (Cannabis sativa), flax (Linum usitatissimum) and kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) that are commonly used for high quality paper pulp production was studied. The cloroform soluble fractions of the acetone extracts of the fibers were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main compounds identified were series of n-alkanes, n-fatty acids, n-aldehydes, n-fatty alcohols and waxes. On the other hand, free and esterified sterols and triterpenols, steroid hydrocarbons, steroid and triterpenoid ketones, as well as sterol glycosides were also found in the fibers studied here.A.G. acknowledges a "Ramón y Cajal" contract of the Spanish MCYT. We thank CELESA (Tortosa, Spain) for providing the raw materials.Peer reviewe

Analysis of perceptual, psychological, and behavioral factors that affect the academic performance of education university students.

The aim of this study was the effect of different perceptual, psychological, and behavioural factors in the academic performance of university students. A total of 172 students (23.5 ± 5.4 years) were recruited. Physical activity patterns, nutritional habits, personality factors, perceptions of difficulty, expected grade, grade average, and academic performance of students were analyzed. No significant differences were found in physical activity levels in relation to academic performance. Significant differences were found in the agreeableness domain in relation to higher academic performance, higher perception of healthy diet and higher body mass index values. With these results we can conclude that university student with higher academic performance were characterized by higher levels of agreeableness, perception of healthy diet and body mass index

Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Corynebacterium striatum

The in vitro activities of 16 antimicrobial agents against 86 strains of Corynebacterium striatum were evaluated by microdilution using cation- adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth. MICs at which 90% of strains were inhibited were 0.06 μg/ml for teicoplanin, 1 μg/ml for vancomycin, 0.03 to 8 μg/ml for β-lactams, 8 μg/ml for sparfloxacin, 16 μg/ml for ciprofloxacin, 16/304 μg/ml for co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole), 64 μg/ml for tetracycline, 128 μg/ml for gentamicin, and >128 μg/ml for amikacin, erythromycin, and rifampin

Chemical composition of lipophilic extractives from sisal (Agave sisalana) fibers

Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, CSIC, PO Box 1052, E-41080 Seville, Spain. Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected] (A. Gutiérrez)The chemical composition of lipophilic extractives from sisal (Agave sisalana) fibers, which are used for high-quality paper pulp production was studied. The lipophilic extract, which accounted for 0.5 % of total sisal fiber weight, was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) using short- and medium-length high temperature capillary columns, respectively. For a more detailed characterization, the extract was fractionated by solid-phase extraction and the fractions obtained were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The most predominant compounds identified were fatty acids (30% of total lipids) including α- and -hydroxyfatty acids, fatty alcohols (20%), free sterols (11%), alkanes (11%) and a series of ferulic acid esters of long chain alcohols and -hydroxyfatty acids (10%). Additionally, steroid hydrocarbons and ketones, monoglycerides, aldehydes, waxes, and sterol glycosides were also found together with minor amounts of diglycerides, and sterol esters.This study has been supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (MCYT) (projects AGL2002-00393 and AGL2005-01748) and EU project (BIORENEW, NMP2-CT-2006-026456). We thank CELESA pulp mill (Tortosa, Spain) for providing the sisal fibers.Peer reviewe

Construction and validation of a self-discrepancies scale of competence in nursing care

Objetivos: Diseñar y validar una escala para estudiantes de enfermería que identifica las concepciones en las competencias de cuidado y determina las discrepancias que puedan derivarse entre las experiencias actuales en la adquisición de competencias y los estándares o guías establecidos por la propia profesión. Métodos: Estudio transversal con una muestra de 349 estudiantes de primero y cuarto de Enfermería. Se elaboró una primera versión de la escala que fue depurada siguiendo criterios estadísticos y de jueces expertos. La escala definitiva contempla 24 ítems de competencias de cuidado. Resultados: Se aporta una escala con adecuadas propiedades psicométricas. Incluye dos subescalas con dos dominios independientes entre sí (Yo real, Yo debería). Discusión: Se plantea una línea de trabajo que introduce nuevos elementos para el análisis del bienestar y el éxito académico y profesional de los estudiantes de enfermería en función de la concepción real y normativa de las competencias de cuidado.Objectives: To design and to validate a scale for nursing students, that allows to identify the conceptions on nursing care competences and determine any possible discrepancies that may arise between their current experiences in the acquisition of competence and the standards or guidelines established by the own profession. Methods: Cross-sectional study with a sample of 349 first- and fourth-year students of Nursing. A first version of the scale according statistical criteria and expert judges was refined. The final 24-item scale provides nursing care competences. Results: It provides a scale with adequate psychometric properties. It includes two subscales with two domains independent from each other (actual self, ought self). Discussion: There is a line of work, which introduces a new way of analysis to determine the well-being and the academic and professional success of nursing students, based on their actual and normative conception of nursing care competences