Analyzing More Sustainable Alternatives Than Using Ordinary Portland Cement in Commerical Construction

The purpose of this paper is to look at more sustainable alternative options for concrete use for California Commercial Contractors. This paper will analyze the more sustainable options for concrete and come to conclusions on how effective the alternative options are for protecting the environment, encouraging sustainability, maintaining cost effectiveness, and maintaining efficiency in building. This paper provides data on the negative impact concrete use has had on the environment and potential ways to alleviate this. This paper will also analyze how cost-effective the alternative options are to see if the alternative options are realistic and affordable to use in place of Ordinary Portland Cement. Advantages and disadvantages of potentially switching to a more sustainable option for concrete building will be discussed and analyzed. This paper will provide data on the negative impact that concrete use has had on the environment through CO2 emissions and the termination of our resources. This is mainly from Portland Cement, which is made from chalk and clay. Through research, this paper will draw conclusions regarding whether switching to a more sustainable option for California Commercial Contractors is worth it for the contractors, given the convenience, sustainability, effectiveness, and cost

Generalized effective hamiltonian for graphene under non-uniform strain

We use a symmetry approach to construct a systematic derivative expansion of the low energy effective Hamiltonian modifying the continuum Dirac description of graphene in the presence of non-uniform elastic deformations. We extract all experimentally relevant terms and describe their physical significance. Among them there is a new gap-opening term that describes the Zeeman coupling of the elastic pseudomagnetic field and the pseudospin. We determine the value of the couplings using a generalized tight binding model.Comment: 13 pages, 1 figure. Matches published version + 1 footnote added, typos correcte

Long-term effects of school spending. Evidence from exiting cohort size variation

This paper investigates the long-term effects of local government education spending on child outcomes, including income, educational attainment, and family formation in adulthood. We propose a novel identification strategy which exploits quasirandom variation in demographic trends when there is strong inertia in local government spending on compulsory schooling. Specifically, size of the exiting cohort that finishes compulsory schooling just before entry of the treated cohort is used as a source of exogenous variation. First, we show that exiting cohort size displays a significantly positive effect on per-pupil spending during school years of the treated cohort. Second, we argue that causal effects of school spending can be identified by utilizing exiting cohort size to instrument for school spending. In implementing this strategy, school spending is found to exhibit sizable and significant effects on income in adulthood for boys, with estimates that are relatively large for children from low- and middle-income families. By comparison, the effects of education spending are small and insignificant for girls.Financial support from the Norwegian Ministry of Local Government is gratefully acknowledged

Moving beyond expectations. From cohort-component to microsimulation projections

Population projections are predominantly made using the cohort-component method (CCM). The opportunities for further development within that framework are limited. Lately, with advances in technical and computational capacity, the microsimulation framework has become a serious contender. In contrast to CCM, it allows for rich com-plexity of behavior and provides insights on projection uncertainty. Still, demographers have been reluctant to apply this framework, which may be due to lack of guidance. We contribute by clarifying underlying CCM assumptions, translating a multi-regional version of the model into a dynamic spatial microsimulation model, and discuss the usefulness of prediction intervals for planning. Using data for Norway, we demonstrate that the re-sults for the two models are equivalent, even for very small subgroups, and converge with relatively few simulations. The model can easily be amended with additional indi-vidual heterogeneity, facilitating more accurate representations of population dynamics

Space dependent Fermi velocity in strained graphene

We resolve some apparent discrepancies between two different models for curved graphene: the one based on tight binding and elasticity theory, and the covariant approach based on quantum field theory in curved space. We demonstrate that strained or corrugated samples will have a space dependent Fermi velocity in either approach that can affect the interpretation of some experiments.Comment: Revised version as will appear in Phys. Rev. Let

Anomalous Hall effect in the coplanar antiferromagnetic coloring-triangular lattice

We study the anomalous Hall effect on the antiferromagnetic coloring-triangular lattice with a coplanar magnetic configuration in the presence of a spin-orbit interaction. The effect of the spin-orbit coupling is included at an effective level as a rotation of the electronic spin as the electrons hop from site to site. Our result reveals that a finite Hall conductivity in the planar 120 structure takes place if a finite spin-orbit coupling is present. A quantized Hall conductivity occurs at global band gaps resulting from the topologically nontrivial band structure.Fil: Duran, A. C.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Física de Líquidos y Sistemas Biológicos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Física de Líquidos y Sistemas Biológicos; ArgentinaFil: Osorio, Santiago Antonio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología - Nodo Bariloche | Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología. Unidad Ejecutora Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología - Nodo Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Sturla, Mauricio Bernardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Física de Líquidos y Sistemas Biológicos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Física de Líquidos y Sistemas Biológicos; Argentin

Novel effects of strains in graphene and other two dimensional materials

The analysis of the electronic properties of strained or lattice deformed graphene combines ideas from classical condensed matter physics, soft matter, and geometrical aspects of quantum field theory (QFT) in curved spaces. Recent theoretical and experimental work shows the influence of strains in many properties of graphene not considered before, such as electronic transport, spin-orbit coupling, the formation of Moir\'e patterns, optics, ... There is also significant evidence of anharmonic effects, which can modify the structural properties of graphene. These phenomena are not restricted to graphene, and they are being intensively studied in other two dimensional materials, such as the metallic dichalcogenides. We review here recent developments related to the role of strains in the structural and electronic properties of graphene and other two dimensional compounds.Comment: 75 pages, 15 figures, review articl

Low energy electron-phonon effective action from symmetry analysis

Based on a detailed symmetry analysis, we state the general rules to build up the effective low energy field theory describing a system of electrons weakly interacting with the lattice degrees of freedom. The basic elements in our construction are what we call the "memory tensors", that keep track of the microscopic discrete symmetries into the coarse-grained action. The present approach can be applied to lattice systems in arbitrary dimensions and in a systematic way to any desired order in derivatives. We apply the method to the honeycomb lattice and re-obtain the by now well-known effective action of Dirac fermions coupled to fictitious gauge fields. As a second example, we derive the effective action for electrons in the kagom\'e lattice, where our approach allows to obtain in a simple way the low energy electron-phonon coupling terms.Comment: 18 pages, one figur

Application of the reciprocal theorem to some problems for the elastic half-space

Betti's reciprocal theorem is used to determine the normal displacements due to a normal point force at the plane surface of a generally-anisotropic half-space or a transversely-isotropic general elastic foundation, using a state of plane sinusoidal loading as auxiliary solution. The method is also extended to give a dual integral equation formulation of the axisymmetric contact problem for an inhomogeneous half-space in which the elastic moduli are arbitrary functions of depth.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/30256/1/0000652.pd

The use of an artificial nucleotide for polymerase-based recognition of carcinogenic O6-alkylguanine DNA adducts.

Enzymatic approaches for locating alkylation adducts at single-base resolution in DNA could enable new technologies for understanding carcinogenesis and supporting personalized chemotherapy. Artificial nucleotides that specifically pair with alkylated bases offer a possible strategy for recognition and amplification of adducted DNA, and adduct-templated incorporation of an artificial nucleotide has been demonstrated for a model DNA adduct O(6)-benzylguanine by a DNA polymerase. In this study, DNA adducts of biological relevance, O(6)-methylguanine (O(6)-MeG) and O(6)-carboxymethylguanine (O(6)-CMG), were characterized to be effective templates for the incorporation of benzimidazole-derived 2'-deoxynucleoside-5'-O-triphosphates ( BENZI: TP and BIM: TP) by an engineered KlenTaq DNA polymerase. The enzyme catalyzed specific incorporation of the artificial nucleotide BENZI: opposite adducts, with up to 150-fold higher catalytic efficiency for O(6)-MeG over guanine in the template. Furthermore, addition of artificial nucleotide BENZI: was required for full-length DNA synthesis during bypass of O(6)-CMG. Selective incorporation of the artificial nucleotide opposite an O(6)-alkylguanine DNA adduct was verified using a novel 2',3'-dideoxy derivative of BENZI: TP. The strategy was used to recognize adducts in the presence of excess unmodified DNA. The specific processing of BENZI: TP opposite biologically relevant O(6)-alkylguanine adducts is characterized herein as a basis for potential future DNA adduct sequencing technologies