Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.]

Does Immunosuppressive Therapy Improve Outcomes in Graves' Disease? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND: Whether the addition of immunosuppressive drugs to standard antithyroid drugs reduces the relapse risk in Graves' disease remains uncertain. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of immunosuppressive drugs on the relapse rate after a first episode of hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease. METHODS: Based on a pre-specified protocol, PubMed (1946-July 2015), EMBASE (1947-July 2015), and Cochrane (1992-July 2015) databases were searched. The search was for (randomized) controlled trials comparing immunosuppressive drugs with a control group. PRISMA and SIGN statements were used for assessing data quality. Two reviewers extracted data, with any disagreement being resolved by consensus. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. RESULTS: The primary endpoint was relapse of disease until follow-up. Secondary endpoints included reduction of thyroid volume and decrease in thyrotropin-receptor antibody (TRAb) levels. Seven trials with 862 participants were included. Most trials were small with a moderate to high risk of bias. There were 113 relapses in 481 (23.5%) patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs compared with 225 relapses in 381 (59.1%) control patients (risk ratio for recurrence 0.55; [confidence interval (CI) 0.41-0.75]). Subgroup analyses showed similar effects for randomized trials and controlled trials (I2 0%), and for trials using corticosteroid and non-corticosteroid immunosuppressive drugs (I2 0%). Use of immunosuppressive drugs also resulted in significant reductions in thyroid volume (-10.72 mL [CI -15.59 to -5.85]) and TRAb levels (-17.01 IU/L [CI -33.31 to -0.72]). Immunosuppressive drug-related adverse effects were not systematically reported, and thus were not included in the quantitative analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence suggests a possible relevant reduction in relapse risk when immunosuppressive drugs are added to standard treatment of Graves' disease. The small number of trials with high heterogeneity in regard to treatment modalities and the lack of systematic reporting of adverse effects calls for larger, conclusive trials

The TRIAGE-ProADM Score for an Early Risk Stratification of Medical Patients in the Emergency Department - Development Based on a Multi-National, Prospective, Observational Study

INTRODUCTION: The inflammatory biomarker pro-adrenomedullin (ProADM) provides additional prognostic information for the risk stratification of general medical emergency department (ED) patients. The aim of this analysis was to develop a triage algorithm for improved prognostication and later use in an interventional trial. METHODS: We used data from the multi-national, prospective, observational TRIAGE trial including consecutive medical ED patients from Switzerland, France and the United States. We investigated triage effects when adding ProADM at two established cut-offs to a five-level ED triage score with respect to adverse clinical outcome. RESULTS: Mortality in the 6586 ED patients showed a step-wise, 25-fold increase from 0.6% to 4.5% and 15.4%, respectively, at the two ProADM cut-offs ( 0.75-1.5nmol/L, 0.0001). Risk stratification by combining ProADM within cut-off groups and the triage score resulted in the identification of 1662 patients (25.2% of the population) at a very low risk of mortality (0.3%, n = 5) and 425 patients (6.5% of the population) at very high risk of mortality (19.3%, n = 82). Risk estimation by using ProADM and the triage score from a logistic regression model allowed for a more accurate risk estimation in the whole population with a classification of 3255 patients (49.4% of the population) in the low risk group (0.3% mortality, n = 9) and 1673 (25.4% of the population) in the high-risk group (15.1% mortality, n = 252). CONCLUSIONS: Within this large international multicenter study, a combined triage score based on ProADM and established triage scores allowed a more accurate mortality risk discrimination. The TRIAGE-ProADM score improved identification of both patients at the highest risk of mortality who may benefit from early therapeutic interventions (rule in), and low risk patients where deferred treatment without negatively affecting outcome may be possible (rule out)