Antidumping, Constructed Value, and Non-countervailable Subsidies: A Proposed Inclusion of Subsidies After Al Tech Specialty Steel Corp. v. United States

Part I discusses the antidumping law in the context of subsidy inclusion in constructed value calculations. Part II outlines the CIT\u27s exclusion of subsidies from the cost component of constructed value in light of the court\u27s policy rationales, and its interpretation of legislative, judicial, and administrative authority. Part III suggests that when a subsidy that benefits production is not countervailable, such as a subsidy that is generally available, the policy of remedying the unfair advantage created by the subsidy outweighs the CIT\u27s policy concern\u27s in Al Tech Specialty

A diachronic account of converbal constructions in Old Rajasthani

This paper presents the results of a multilayered diachronic analysis of one of the most important subordinating devices in IA, i.e. converbs. This is a corpus-oriented study based on an early variety of New Indo-Aryan, namely Old Rajasthani. We discuss: (a) the morphology of the converb and the possible pathways of its evolution through the centuries; (b) the syntactic properties of converbal chains, with a special focus on main argument marking and the 'same-subject constraint'; and (c) the semantics of converbal constructions and the adverbial and clause-chaining properties of converbs. Our research has interesting implications for the aspectual status of the converb: aspect seems to be the most important factor determining the main argument marking in converbal chains

Optical properties and structure of As-Ge-Se thin films

Thin chalcogenide films with compositions As₁₀Ge₂₂.₅Se₆₇.₅ and As₁₂Ge₃₃Se₅₅ have been investigated. Optical constants and thicknesses of these films were obtained from transmission spectra. Structure of initial bulk glasses and films were investigated by Raman spectroscopy. Both films are estimated to have high values of the nonlinear refractive index

Polyassociative thermodynamical model of A²B⁶ semiconductor melt and phase equilibrium in Cd-Hg-Te system: 3. Optimization of the thermodynamical functions of the model and quasi-binary structural diagram of Cd-Hg-Te system

Within the frames of the model of the polyassociative solutions the comparative analysis was performed of the formation parameters of multi-atom complexes in CdTe and Hg-Te systems. It was shown, that thermodynamical properties of the studied systems can be described in the supposition of the presence in the liquid phase of the ATe, A₂Te₃, ATe₂, A₂Te (A = Cd, Hg) and free Te, Cd, Hg atoms. In accordance with the model of polyassociative solutions the data on p–T–x equilibrium in the region of quasi-binary cross-section of Cd-Hg-Te system structural diagram were obtained. It was shown, that the mixing effects in the three-component liquid phase are satisfactorily described by the formation of CdHgTe and CdHgTe₃ associates. The good correspondence of the calculations and experiment in the high temperature part of the Cd-Hg-Te system structural diagram was achieved

Вплив поверхні на спектри електровідбивання n-Si(110) та їх поляризаційну анізотропію

The electro-reflectance spectra, including their polarization dependencies were analyzed for n-Si(110) in the energy range of 2.9-3.8 eV. Based on the optical anisotropy of electro-optical effect, two contributions originated from a surface, (isotropic part relates to the linear electro-optical effect which inherent for (110) surface) and bulk, (anisotropic part relates to the Franz–Keldysh effect) were identified and separated. The presence of such extreme is explained by the zero value of the electron wave function on the surface and (or) the structure gettering of the free carriers.Проаналізовано спектри електровідбивання, включаючи їх поляризаційні залежності, для n-Si (110) в енергетичному діапазоні 2,9-3,8 еВ. Були ідентифіковані та відокремлені два внески, що випливають із поверхневої (ізотропна частина відноситься до лінійного електрооптичного ефекту, властивого для (110) поверхні) та об'ємної складових (анізотропна частина стосується ефекту Франца - Келдиша) на основі оптичної анізотропії електрооптичного ефекту. Наявність такої крайності пояснюється нульовим значенням функції електронної хвилі на поверхні та (або) структурним гетеруванням вільних носіїв

The boson peak and the first sharp diffraction peak in (As2S3)x(GeS2)1–x glasses

The parameters of the boson peak (BP) and the first sharp diffraction peak (FSDP) in (As2S3)x(GeS2)1x glasses measured using high-resolution Raman spectroscopy and high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements are examined as a function of x. It has been found that there is no correlation between the positions of BP and FSDP. The BP position shows a nonlinear composition behavior with a maximum at about x = 0.4, whereas the FSDP position changes virtually linearly with x. The intensities of both BP and FSDP show nonlinear composition dependences with the slope changes at x = 0.4, although there is no direct proportionality. Analysis of the partial structure factors for the glasses with x = 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 obtained in another study has shown that the cation-cation atomic pairs of Ge–Ge, Ge–As and As–As make the largest contribution to FSDP, where the Ge–Ge and Ge–As pairs are dominant

Raman scattering in sulphide glasses

Raman spectra of two ternary glasses of composition Ge₅As₃₇S₅₈ and As₄Ge₃₀S₆₆ have been investigated. An influence of addition of third element on the spectra of binary glasses has been studied by comparison with spectra of two binary glasses of composition Ge₃₃S₆₇ and As₄₀S₆₀. Glass structure and phase separation effects are discussed