181 research outputs found
Mountains in the Deep
When Evan, prince of the Fourth Quadrant, sees a vision of a ghost-like crown hovering over his father\u27s head, he is sent on a dangerous mission to face the mystical shadow beast ravaging his kingdom--the same beast that has marked him as its prey and that will stop at nothing to hunt him down
Imaging Extended Emission-Line Regions of Obscured AGN with the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey
Narrow-line regions excited by active galactic nuclei (AGN) are important for
studying AGN photoionization and feedback. Their strong [O III] lines can be
detected with broadband images, allowing morphological studies of these systems
with large-area imaging surveys. We develop a new technique to reconstruct the
[O III] images using the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Survey aided with
spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The technique involves a
careful subtraction of the galactic continuum to isolate emission from the [O
III]5007 and [O III]4959 lines. Compared to traditional
targeted observations, this technique is more efficient at covering larger
samples with less dedicated observational resources. We apply this technique to
an SDSS spectroscopically selected sample of 300 obscured AGN at redshifts 0.1
- 0.7, uncovering extended emission-line region candidates with sizes up to
tens of kpc. With the largest sample of uniformly derived narrow-line region
sizes, we revisit the narrow-line region size-luminosity relation. The area and
radii of the [O III] emission-line regions are strongly correlated with the AGN
luminosity inferred from the mid-infrared (15 m rest-frame) with a
power-law slope of (statistical and systemic
errors), consistent with previous spectroscopic findings. We discuss the
implications for the physics of AGN emission-line region and future
applications of this technique, which should be useful for current and
next-generation imaging surveys to study AGN photoionization and feedback with
large statistical samples.Comment: 20 pages, 13 figures, MNRAS submitte
Sumo Puff: Tidal Debris or Disturbed Ultra-Diffuse Galaxy?
We report the discovery of a diffuse stellar cloud with an angular extent
, which we term "Sumo Puff", in data from the Hyper
Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP). While we do not have a redshift
for this object, it is in close angular proximity to a post-merger galaxy at
redshift and is projected within a few virial radii (assuming
similar redshifts) of two other galaxies, which we use to
bracket a potential redshift range of . The object's light
distribution is flat, as characterized by a low Sersic index (). It
has a low central -band surface brightness of mag
arcsec, large effective radius of (
kpc at and kpc at ), and an elongated
morphology (). Its red color () is consistent with a
passively evolving stellar population and similar to the nearby post-merger
galaxy, and we may see tidal material connecting Sumo Puff with this galaxy. We
offer two possible interpretations for the nature of this object: (1) it is an
extreme, galaxy-size tidal feature associated with a recent merger event, or
(2) it is a foreground dwarf galaxy with properties consistent with a quenched,
disturbed ultra-diffuse galaxy. We present a qualitative comparison with
simulations that demonstrates the feasibility of forming a structure similar to
this object in a merger event. Follow-up spectroscopy and/or deeper imaging to
confirm the presence of the bridge of tidal material will be necessary to
reveal the true nature of this object.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, submitted to PASJ for the HSC-SSP special issu
Discovery of a close-separation binary quasar at the heart of a z~0.2 merging galaxy and its implications for low-frequency gravitational waves
Supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries with masses of ~10^8--10^9 Msun are
expected to dominate the contribution to the as-yet undetected gravitational
wave background (GWB) signal at the nanohertz frequencies accessible to Pulsar
Timing Arrays (PTA). We currently lack firm empirical constraints on the
amplitude of the GWB due to the dearth of confirmed SMBH binaries in the
required mass range. Using HST/WFC3 images, we have discovered a z~0.2 quasar
hosted in a merger remnant with two closely separated (0.13'' or ~430pc)
continuum cores at the heart of the galaxy SDSSJ1010+1413. The two cores are
spatially coincident with two powerful [OIII]-emitting point sources with
quasar-like luminosities (L_AGN ~ 5x10^46 erg/s, suggesting the presence of a
bound SMBH system, each with M_BH > 4x10^8 Msun. We place an upper limit on the
merging timescale of the SMBH pair of 2.5 billion years, roughly the Universe
lookback time at z~0.2. There is likely a population of quasar binaries similar
to SDSSJ1010+1413 that contribute to a stochastic GWB that should be detected
in the next several years. If the GWB is not detected this could indicate that
SMBHs merge only over extremely long timescales, remaining as close separation
binaries for many Hubble times, the so-called `final-parsec problem'.Comment: Accepted to ApJL (in press), 9 pages, 5 figure
The Inverse Redshift-Space Operator: Reconstructing Cosmological Density and Velocity Fields
We present the linear inverse redshift space operator which maps the galaxy
density field derived from redshift surveys from redshift space to real space.
Expressions are presented for observers in both the CMBR and Local Group rest
frames. We show how these results can be generalised to flux--limited galaxy
redshift surveys. These results allow the straightforward reconstruction of
real space density and velocity fields without resort to iterative or
numerically intensive inverse methods. As a corollary to the inversion of the
density in the Local Group rest frame we present an expression for estimating
the real space velocity dipole from redshift space, allowing one to estimate
the Local Group dipole without full reconstruction of the redshift survey. We
test these results on some simple models and find the reconstruction is very
accurate. A new spherical harmonic representation of the redshift distortion
and its inverse is developed, which simplifies the reconstruction and allows
analytic calculation of the properties of the reconstructed redshift survey. We
use this representation to analyse the uncertainties in the reconstruction of
the density and velocity fields from redshift space, due to only a finite
volume being available. Both sampling and shot-noise variance terms are derived
and we discuss the limits of reconstruction analysis. We compare the
reconstructed velocity field with the true velocity field and show that
reconstruction in the Local Group rest frame is preferable, since this
eliminates the major source of uncertainty from the dipole mode. These results
can be used to transform redshift surveys to real space and may be used as part
of a full likelihood analysis to extract cosmological parameters.Comment: 13 pages (Latex), 6 postscript figures included, accepted for
publication in MNRA
Health care workers' need for headspace: findings from a multisite definitive randomized controlled trial of an unguided digital mindfulness-based self-help app to reduce Healthcare Worker Stress
Background: Health care workers experience high stress. Accessible, affordable, and effective approaches to reducing stress are lacking. In-person mindfulness-based interventions can reduce health care worker stress but are not widely available or accessible to busy health care workers. Unguided, digital, mindfulness-based self-help (MBSH) interventions show promise and can be flexibly engaged with. However, their effectiveness in reducing health care worker stress has not yet been explored in a definitive trial. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an unguided digital MBSH app (Headspace) in reducing health care worker stress. Methods: This was a definitive superiority randomized controlled trial with 2182 National Health Service staff in England recruited on the web and allocated in a 1:1 ratio to fully automated Headspace (n=1095, 50.18%) or active control (Moodzone; n=1087, 49.82%) for 4.5 months. Outcomes were subscales of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress (primary outcome) Scale short form; Short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale; Maslach Burnout Inventory; 15-item Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire minus Observe items; Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form; Compassionate Love Scale; Penn State Worry Questionnaire; Brooding subscale of the Ruminative Response Scale; and sickness absence. Results: Intention-to-treat analyses found that Headspace led to greater reductions in stress over time than Moodzone (b=-0.31, 95% CI -0.47 to -0.14; P0; P=.65, .67, and .35), ruminative brooding (b=-0.06, 95% CI -0.12 to 0.00; P=.06), or sickness absence (γ=0.09, 95% CI -0.18 to 0.34). Per-protocol effects of Headspace (454/1095, 41.46%) versus Moodzone (283/1087, 26.03%) over time were found for stress, self-compassion, and compassion for others but not for the other outcomes. Engagement (practice days per week) and improvements in self-compassion during the initial 1.5-month intervention period mediated pre- to postintervention improvements in stress. Improvements in mindfulness, rumination, and worry did not mediate pre- to postintervention improvements in stress. No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusions: An unguided digital MBSH intervention (Headspace) can reduce health care workers' stress. Effect sizes were small but could have population-level benefits. Unguided digital MBSH interventions can be part of the solution to reducing health care worker stress alongside potentially costlier but potentially more effective in-person mindfulness-based interventions, nonmindfulness courses, and organizational-level interventions
A Study of Two Diffuse Dwarf Galaxies in the Field
We present optical long-slit spectroscopy and far-ultraviolet to
near-infrared spectral energy distribution fitting of two diffuse dwarf
galaxies, LSBG-285 and LSBG-750, which were recently discovered by the Hyper
Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP). We measure redshifts using
H line emission, and find that these galaxies are at comoving distances
of and Mpc, respectively, after correcting for the
local velocity field. They have effective radii of and 1.8
kpc and stellar masses of -. There are
no massive galaxies () within a comoving separation of
at least 1.5 Mpc from LSBG-285 and 2 Mpc from LSBG-750. These sources are
similar in size and surface brightness to ultra-diffuse galaxies, except they
are isolated, star-forming objects that were optically selected in an
environmentally blind survey. Both galaxies likely have low stellar
metallicities and are consistent with the stellar
mass-metallicity relation for dwarf galaxies. We set an upper limit on
LSBG-750's rotational velocity of km s, which is comparable
to dwarf galaxies of similar stellar mass with estimated halo masses
. We find tentative evidence that the gas-phase metallicities
in both of these diffuse systems are high for their stellar mass, though a
statistically complete, optically-selected galaxy sample at very low surface
brightness will be necessary to place these results into context with the
higher-surface-brightness galaxy population.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures; accepted for publication in Ap
Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam View of Quasar Host Galaxies at z < 1
Active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are key for understanding the coevolution of
galaxies and supermassive black holes (SMBHs). AGN activity is thought to
affect the properties of their host galaxies, via a process called "AGN
feedback", which drives the co-evolution. From a parent sample of 1151 z < 1
type-1 quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey quasar catalog, we detected
host galaxies of 862 of them in the high-quality grizy images of the Subaru
Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) survey. The unprecedented combination of the survey
area and depth allows us to perform a statistical analysis of the quasar host
galaxies, with small sample variance. We fit the radial image profile of each
quasar as a linear combination of the point spread function and the Sersic
function, decomposing the images into the quasar nucleus and the host galaxy
components. We found that the host galaxies are massive, with stellar mass
Mstar > 10^(10) Msun, and are mainly located on the green valley. This trend is
consistent with a scenario in which star formation of the host galaxies is
suppressed by AGN feedback, that is, AGN activity may be responsible for the
transition of these galaxies from the blue cloud to the red sequence. We also
investigated the SMBH mass to stellar mass relation of the z < 1 quasars, and
found a consistent slope with the local relation, while the SMBHs may be
slightly undermassive. However, the above results are subject to our sample
selection, which biases against host galaxies with low masses and/or large
quasar-to-host flux ratios.Comment: Accepted for publication in PAS
Data work: how energy advisors and clients make IoT data accountable
We present fieldwork findings from the deployment of an interactive sensing system that supports the work of energy advisors who give face-to-face advice to low-income households in the UK. We focus on how the system and the data it produced are articulated in the interactions between professional energy advisors and their clients, and how they collaboratively anticipate, rehearse, and perform data work. In addition to documenting how the system was appropriated in advisory work, we elaborate the ‘overhead cost’ of building collaborative action into connected devices and sensing systems, and the commensurate need to support discrete workflows and accountability systems to enable the methodical incorporation of the IoT into collaborative action. We contribute an elaboration of the social, collaborative methods of data work relevant to those who seek to design and study collaborative IoT systems
Tidal Features at 0.05<z<0.45 in the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program: Properties and Formation Channels
We present 1,201 galaxies at that host tidal features, detected
from the first deg of imaging from the Hyper Suprime-Cam
Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP). All galaxies in the present sample have
spectroscopic observations from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)
spectroscopic campaigns, generating a sample of 21208 galaxies. Of these
galaxies, we identify 214 shell systems and 987 stream systems. For 575 of
these systems, we are additionally able to measure the colors of the
tidal features. We find evidence for star formation in a subset of the streams,
with the exception of streams around massive ellipticals, and find that stream
host galaxies span the full range of stellar masses in our sample. Galaxies
which host shells are predominantly red and massive: we find that observable
shells form more frequently around ellipticals than around disc galaxies of the
same stellar mass. Although the majority of the shells in our sample are
consistent with being formed by minor mergers, of shell host
galaxies have colors as red as their host galaxy, consistent with being
formed by major mergers. These "red shells" are additionally preferentially
aligned with the major axis of the host galaxy, as previously predicted from
simulations. We suggest that although the bulk of the observable shell
population originates from fairly minor mergers, which preferentially form
shells that are not aligned with the major axis of the galaxy, major mergers
produce a significant number of observable shells.Comment: 24 pages, 14 figures. Submitted to Ap
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