98 research outputs found
What can history teach us about the prospects of a European Research Area?
This report is the result of work carried out by the Centre for the Study of the Sciences and the Humanities at the University of Bergen, Norway. The work was commissioned by the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre at Ispra (Italy), and as such this report is the final deliverable of our Service Contract 257218 with the EC-JRC.
The history of science has a lot to offer to contemporary debates on research policy and on science in society. This is especially true when the history of science is not seen as independent from political, economic and cultural history. This calls for a historical sensitivity also for challenges, problems, conflicts and crises; and such a sensitivity appears to be timely in present-day Europe, where the word “crisis” is taking a predominant place on public and political scenes.
Having argued that the idea that scientific knowledge should determine or prescribe the course of action is in itself part of the 17th century solutions that contemporary society has inherited as part of the problem, the report suggests possible lines of action and reflection for the European Research Area focusing on European values including diversity and tolerance, universalism, democracy and public knowledge.
The report also discusses Grand Challenges and Deep Innovation, reassessing the present function of the ERA, and what policy indicators might be of use.JRC.G.3-Econometrics and applied statistic
Unscheduled Meetings in Hybrid Work
By studying four development teams in the Norwegian companies NAV and Entur, we found that unscheduled meetings are maintained by using tools like Discord and Zoom to create virtual rooms. From our findings, we provide three recommendations for hybrid work.publishedVersio
Key Lessons from Tailoring Agile Methods for Large-Scale Software Development
We describe advice derived from one of the largest development programs in
Norway, where twelve Scrum teams combined agile practices with traditional
project management. The Perform program delivered 12 releases over a four-year
period, and finished on budget and on time. In this article, we summarize 12
key lessons on five crucial topics, relevant to other large development
projects seeking to combine Scrum with traditional project management.Comment: Accepted for publication in IEEE IT Professiona
The TECHNOLIFE project:an experimental approach to new ethical frameworks for emerging science and technology.
This paper presents the development of an experimental methodology for empirical and participatory ethics of science and technology. It is designed to detect, understand and mediate public concerns. Science and technology evolve rapidly as a result of their internal dynamics as well as the optimization of subsidy for research and innovation in recent times. Ethical frameworks for governing these developments are confronted with considerable tensions in mediating the velocity of new innovations while securing more robust institutional guarantees in order to manage and regulate in time. We argue that existing frameworks need to evolve to become more sensitive to the diversity of technological and societal challenges, of envisioning futures, and of what counts as legitimate concerns. For this reason, we give socio-technical imaginaries a key role in developing an ethical framework. Our experimental approach is seeking to establish criteria for mediating a wide range of public opinion in ways that can become embedded in legitimate, institutional procedures. Our methodological approach is also seeking to mediate between lay ethics and the discourse of professional ethicists, recognizing the fragmented character of both. We draw on theoretical constructs in current STS research, notably, those dealing with complex relations between communities, real or imagined, and the rise of new publics whose voices can be distilled and heard through mediating channels. This experimental methodology forms the central component of an ongoing European Union FP7-funded project, TECHNOLIFE
Automatisering av Etterretningsvurdering Trinn 2 for MilGeo i Hæren
Utviklingen innen fagfeltene Informasjonsteknologi (IT) og Geografiske Informasjonssystemer (GIS) er stor og med dette åpnes mange muligheter for MilGeo i Hæren. HVS ser muligheten til å automatisere en del av arbeidsprosessene til de som jobber i fagfeltet. Spesifikt er det ønskelig med en fullstendig automatisering av Etterretningsvurdering trinn 2 (E-vurdering trinn 2) og dette vil bidra til å frigjøre tid slik at analytikerne kan støtte med vurderinger i enda større grad. GIS består av en teknisk og en menneskelig del. I denne oppgaven har vi valgt å se på den tekniske delen og muligheter for å automatisere den.
Vi har kommet frem til følgende problemstilling: Hvordan kan Etterretningsvurdering trinn 2 automatiseres for MilGeo i Hæren?
Det empiriske grunnlaget kommer primært fra intervjuer med fagpersonell i Ingeniørbataljonen (INGBN), i tillegg har vi hatt samtaler med HVS for å kartlegge behov. En kombinasjon av faglig standpunkt og tilegning av relevant kunnskap har hjulpet oss til å produsere et teknisk forslag som danner grunnlaget for automatisering av E-vurdering trinn 2.
Det konkluderes med at en E-vurdering trinn 2 kan automatiseres med et produkt som er en kombinasjon av tilrettelagt data og ren teknisk automasjon. Produktet er vedlagt oppgaven med en forklaring til oppbygning, bruk og hvordan skriptverktøyet kan endres
Bridge over troubled water – om broreparasjoner med retrograd fremstilte rotstifter
I denne kasuistikken beskrives en metode for å løse et klinisk problem som ofte oppstår blant eldre, munntørre pasienter med protetiske konstruksjoner. Bruk av retrograd fremstilt rotstift kan hos enkelte være en effektiv og kostnadsbesparende behandling.publishedVersio
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Gadgets on the move and in stasis: consumer and medical electronics, what's the difference?
This document provides a set of policy recommendations, based on the findings of a three-year long case study on wearable sensors. The key objective was to assess state-of-the-art developments in this domain of innovation, using evaluation and analytic methods that correspond with the expertise and experience available on our study team and among our associates in industry and innovation, medicine, policy, grass roots activism, STS and ELS study traditions. Our aim is to provide guidelines for good governance of wearable sensors, in light of their potential roles in medical settings as well as their currency as consumer electronics for quasi-medical purposes. We provide recommendations for ongoing innovation in this field, considering the
necessity of mutual recognition and reflexive knowledge exchange among innovators and industrial actors, medical expertise, scholarly and technical assessments, patient organisations and grass roots activism, policy developers and regulators
Effect of Folic Acid Supplementation on Levels of Circulating Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 and the Presence of Intravascular Ultrasound Derived Virtual Histology Thin-Cap Fibroatheromas in Patients with Stable Angina Pectoris
Background:Virtual Histology Intravascular Ultrasound (VH-IVUS) may be used to detect early signs of unstable coronary artery disease. Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) is linked with coronary atherosclerosis and plaque instability and could potentially be modified by folic acid treatment.Methods:In a randomized, prospective study, 102 patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP) received percutaneous coronary intervention and established medical treatment as well as either homocysteine-lowering folic acid/vitamin B12 (±B6) or placebo (±B6) for 1 year before VH-IVUS was performed. The presence of VH-Thin-Cap Fibroatheroma (VH-TCFA) in non-intervened coronary vessels was registered and serum levels of MCP-1 were measured. The patients were subsequently followed for incident myocardial infarction (MI).Results:Patients treated with folic acid/vitamin B12 had a geometric mean (SD) MCP-1 level of 79.95 (1.49) versus 86.00 (1.43) pg/mL for patients receiving placebo (p-value 0.34). VH-TCFA lesions were present in 7.8% of patients and did not differ between intervention arms (p-value 0.47). Serum levels of MCP-1 were 1.46 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.92) times higher in patients with VH-TCFA lesions than in those without (p-value 0.005). Afterwards, patients were followed for median 2.1 years and 3.8% experienced a myocardial infarction (MI), which in post-hoc Cox regression analyses was independently predicted by both MCP-1 (P-value 0.006) and VH-TCFA (p-value 0.01).Conclusions:In patients with SAP receiving established medical treatment, folic acid supplementation is not associated with either presence of VH-TCFA or levels of MCP-1. MCP-1 is however associated with VH-TCFA, a finding corroborated by increased risk for future MI.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00354081
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Policy recommendations: towards socially robust smart grids
This report presents the policy recommendations that follow from the EPINET projects investigations into assessments of ethical, legal and societal aspects of smart electricity grids in the European Union. Its main objective has been to evaluate the state-of-the-art in assessments in this domain, especially focusing on the ways in which these may interact with or become integrated into main research and innovation networks, including the making of research and policy agendas.
These recommendations are aimed at, and relevant to, different groups and networks involved in smart electricity and governance at European and national levels. At one level of policy action there are the many advisory and expert groups involved in the design and development of smart grids. These include the EU Commission Task Force for Smart Grid. National initiatives such as the Dutch Smart Energy Collective form another target audience. Also relevant are the
expert groups participating in the shaping of Horizon 2020 ICT programme (Societal Challenges and LEIT) and the European Institute of Innovation and Technology, national research councils and their advisory bodies. Our recommendations are especially relevant to so-called crosscutting
actions in Horizon 2020, especially relating to Responsible Research and Innovation and Social and Humanistic Sciences. Next, our recommendations are also directed to national and EU legislators and regulators charged with adapting to and accommodating the actions of policy makers and the smart grid and smart cities communities. Finally, our recommendations are directed to the technology assessment community, including those dedicated to Responsible Research and Innovation, integrated ELSA and impact assessments
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