Analysis of the Release Characteristics of Cu-Treated Antimicrobial Implant Surfaces Using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

New developments of antimicrobial implant surfaces doped with copper (Cu) ions may minimize the risk of implant-associated infections. However, experimental evaluation of the Cu release is influenced by various test parameters. The aim of our study was to evaluate the Cu release characteristics in vitro according to the storage fluid and surface roughness. Plasma immersion ion implantation of Cu (Cu-PIII) and pulsed magnetron sputtering process of a titanium copper film (Ti-Cu) were applied to titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) samples with different surface finishing of the implant material (polished, hydroxyapatite and corundum blasted). The samples were submersed into either double-distilled water, human serum, or cell culture medium. Subsequently, the Cu concentration in the supernatant was measured using atomic absorption spectrometry. The test fluid as well as the surface roughness can alter the Cu release significantly, whereby the highest Cu release was determined for samples with corundum-blasted surfaces stored in cell medium

Electrochemical lossy mode resonance for the detection of manganese ions

In this work we propose electrochemical lossy mode resonance (eLMR) as a powerful method for the detection of manganese (Mn) ions. The sensor is based on a simple planar waveguide (sodasingle bondlime glass coverslip) coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO) to obtain an optical resonance effect. Simultaneously, the ITO layer served as the working electrode in the cathodic stripping voltammetry (CSV) of Mn. The eLMR sensor is capable of simultaneously performing electrochemical (EC) and optical measurements, specifically lossy mode resonance (LMR), to monitor the growth of the adsorbed Mn layer on the ITO electrode and the electrochemically modulated diffusion layer. For Mn2+ ions, a limit of detection (LoD) of 1.26 ppb has been demonstrated using the EC method, whereas the optical method exhibited a LoD of 67.76 ppb. The results obtained indicate significant potential for application in molecular electrochemistry and studies focused on electrified interfaces.This work was supported in part by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PID2019-106070RB-I00 and PID2022-137437OB-I00 research funds), by the Government of Navarre through its projects with references: and PC058-059 EleSpray and 0011-1365-2022-000241, and by the pre-doctoral research grant of the Public University of Navarra. The authors also acknowledge financial support received from the National Centre for Research and Development, Poland, grant No. TECHMATSTRATEG- III/0042/2019, as well as the Czech Science Foundation Agency through the project 21-05030K and the National Science Centre (NCN), Poland, as part of the 2020/02/Y/ST8/00030 project. Open access funding provided by Universidad Pública de Navarra

Time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy of a unipolar and a bipolar pulsed magnetron sputtering discharge in an argon/oxygen gas mixture with a cobalt target

Abstract Reactive high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) of a cobalt cathode in pure argon gas and with different oxygen admixtures was investigated by time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and time-integrated energy-resolved mass spectrometry. The HiPIMS discharge was operated with a bipolar pulsed power supply capable of providing a large negative voltage with a typical pulse width of 100 μs followed by a long positive pulse with a pulse width of about 350 μs. The HiPIMS plasma in pure argon is dominated by Co+ ions. With the addition of oxygen, O+ ions become the second most prominent positive ion species. OES reveals the presence of Ar I, Co I, O I, and Ar II emission lines. The transition from an Ar+ to a Co+ ion sputtering discharge is inferred from time-resolved OES. The enhanced intensity of excited Ar+* ions is explained by simultaneous excitation and ionisation induced by energetic secondary electrons from the cathode. The intensity of violet Ar I lines is drastically reduced during HiPIMS. Intensity of near-infrared Ar I lines resumes during the positive pulse indicating an additional heating mechanism

Electrochemical lossy mode resonance for detection of manganese ions

In this work we propose electrochemical lossy mode resonance (eLMR) as a powerful method for the detection of manganese (Mn) ions. The sensor is based on a simple planar waveguide (sodasingle bondlime glass coverslip) coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO) to obtain an optical resonance effect. Simultaneously, the ITO layer served as the working electrode in the cathodic stripping voltammetry (CSV) of Mn. The eLMR sensor is capable of simultaneously performing electrochemical (EC) and optical measurements, specifically lossy mode resonance (LMR), to monitor the growth of the adsorbed Mn layer on the ITO electrode and the electrochemically modulated diffusion layer. For Mn2+ ions, a limit of detection (LoD) of 1.26 ppb has been demonstrated using the EC method, whereas the optical method exhibited a LoD of 67.76 ppb. The results obtained indicate significant potential for application in molecular electrochemistry and studies focused on electrified interfaces.This work was supported in part by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PID2019-106070RB-I00 and PID2022-137437OB-I00 research funds), by the Government of Navarre through its projects with references: and PC058-059 EleSpray and 0011-1365-2022-000241, and by the pre-doctoral research grant of the Public University of Navarra. The authors also acknowledge financial support received from the National Centre for Research and Development, Poland, grant No. TECHMATSTRATEG- III/0042/2019, as well as the Czech Science Foundation Agency through the project 21-05030K and the National Science Centre (NCN), Poland, as part of the 2020/02/Y/ST8/00030 project. Open access funding provided by Universidad Pública de Navarra.Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Química Física y Ciencias de los Materiale

Optical Detection of Ketoprofen by Its Electropolymerization on an Indium Tin Oxide-Coated Optical Fiber Probe

In this work an application of optical fiber sensors for real-time optical monitoring of electrochemical deposition of ketoprofen during its anodic oxidation is discussed. The sensors were fabricated by reactive magnetron sputtering of indium tin oxide (ITO) on a 2.5 cm-long core of polymer-clad silica fibers. ITO tuned in optical properties and thickness allows for achieving a lossy-mode resonance (LMR) phenomenon and it can be simultaneously applied as an electrode in an electrochemical setup. The ITO-LMR electrode allows for optical monitoring of changes occurring at the electrode during electrochemical processing. The studies have shown that the ITO-LMR sensor’s spectral response strongly depends on electrochemical modification of its surface by ketoprofen. The effect can be applied for real-time detection of ketoprofen. The obtained sensitivities reached over 1400 nm/M (nm·mg−1·L) and 16,400 a.u./M (a.u.·mg−1·L) for resonance wavelength and transmission shifts, respectively. The proposed method is a valuable alternative for the analysis of ketoprofen within the concentration range of 0.25–250 μg mL−1, and allows for its determination at therapeutic and toxic levels. The proposed novel sensing approach provides a promising strategy for both optical and electrochemical detection of electrochemical modifications of ITO or its surface by various compounds

Ordered titanium dioxide nanotubes for lossy-mode resonance-based humidity sensing

Ordered titanium dioxide nanotubes on indium tin oxide as a structure supporting lossy-mode resonance is reported. Capability for application of the structure for optical humidity sensing is shown as an application example.This work was supported by the National Science Centre (NCN), Poland, as a part of 2020/02/Y/ST8/00030 project, and National CentreforResearch and Development, Poland as a part of TECHMATSTRATEG-III/0042/2019 projec