Upstream-binding factor is sequestered into herpes simplex virus type 1 replication compartments

Previous reports have shown that adenovirus recruits nucleolar protein upstream-binding factor (UBF) into adenovirus DNA replication centres. Here, we report that despite having a different mode of viral DNA replication, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) also recruits UBF into viral DNA replication centres. Moreover, as with adenovirus, enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged fusion proteins of UBF inhibit viral DNA replication. We propose that UBF is recruited to the replication compartments to aid replication of HSV-1 DNA. In addition, this is a further example of the role of nucleolar components in viral life cycle

Image Station Matching, Preprocessing, Spatial Registration and Change Detection with Multi-Temporal Remotely-Sensed Imagery

A method for collecting and processing remotely sensed imagery in order to achieve precise spatial co-registration (e.g., matched alignment) between multi-temporal image sets is presented. Such precise alignment or spatial co-registration of imagery can be used for change detection, image fusion, and temporal analysis/modeling. Further, images collected in this manner may be further processed in such a way that image frames or line arrays from corresponding photo stations are matched, co-aligned and if desired merged into a single image and/or subjected to the same processing sequence. A second methodology for automated detection of moving objects within a scene using a time series of remotely sensed imagery is also presented. Specialized image collection and preprocessing procedures are utilized to obtain precise spatial co-registration (image registration) between multitemporal image frame sets. In addition, specialized change detection techniques are employed in order to automate the detection of moving objects

Impacts of dreissenid mussel invasions on chlorophyll and total phosphorus in 25 lakes in the USA

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/94854/1/fwb.12050.pd

Electrostatics in wind-blown sand

Wind-blown sand, or "saltation," is an important geological process, and the primary source of atmospheric dust aerosols. Significant discrepancies exist between classical saltation theory and measurements. We show here that these discrepancies can be resolved by the inclusion of sand electrification in a physically based saltation model. Indeed, we find that electric forces enhance the concentration of saltating particles and cause them to travel closer to the surface, in agreement with measurements. Our results thus indicate that sand electrification plays an important role in saltation.Comment: 4 journal pages, 5 figures, and supplementary material. Article is in press at PR

Integrated Petrological and Fe-Zn Isotopic Modelling of Plutonic Differentiation

The upper continental crust is formed from chemically diverse granitic plutons. Active debate surrounds the range of physical conditions (P-T-X-fO2) and differentiation processes which occur in mush bodies that solidify to form plutons. Transition metal stable isotopes are increasingly employed to trace magmatic processes in both extrusive lavas and intrusive plutonic suites, with a focus on analysis of whole rock powders. However, studies of plutonic suites often overlook the complex textures represented within coarse grained samples, and how these will influence whole rock isotopic compositions. Here we examine the calc-alkaline Boggy Plain Zoned Pluton, SE Australia, which closely approximates closed system behaviour during magmatic differentiation. We combine petrological examination with Fe and Zn isotopic analysis of biotite, hornblende and magnetite mineral separates and whole rock powders. Whole rock Fe isotopic composition (as δ56Fe) increases from 0.038‰ to 0.171‰ with decreasing MgO content, while mineral separates display heavy Fe isotope enrichment in the order magnetite > biotite = hornblende > pyroxene. A lack of correlation between whole rock Fe and Zn isotopic compositions suggests that the Fe isotopic variation is predominantly driven by closed system fractional crystallisation: specifically by the balance between crystallisation of isotopically heavy magnetite, and isotopically light silicates. To demonstrate this quantitatively, temperature dependent mineral-melt fractionation factors were derived from the mineral separate data (Δ56Femag-melt = 0.17x106/T2 and Δ56Febt/hbd-melt = -0.12x106/T2) and used to construct models that successfully reproduce the observed Fe isotopic variation during fractional crystallisation. These fractionation factors are compared to theoretical and empirical estimates from previous studies. We highlight that accurate determinations of temperature and modal mineralogy are critical when modelling Fe isotopic variations in plutonic suites. Successful interpretation of equilibrium Fe isotopic fractionation in a relatively simple calc-alkaline suite like the Boggy Plain Zoned Pluton paves the way for Fe isotopes to be used to investigate more complex mush bodies