Decision Tree Analysis as a Supplementary Tool to Enhance Histomorphological Differentiation when Distinguishing Human from Non-human Cranial Bone in both Burnt and Unburnt States: A feasibility study

This feasibility study was undertaken to describe and record the histological characteristics of burnt and unburnt cranial bone fragments from human and non-human bones. Reference series of fully mineralised, transverse sections of cranial bone, from all variables and specimen states were prepared by manual cutting and semi-automated grinding and polishing methods. A photomicrograph catalogue reflecting differences in burnt and unburnt bone from human and non-humans was recorded and qualitative analysis was performed using an established classification system based on primary bone characteristics. The histomorphology associated with human and non-human samples was, for the main part, preserved following burning at high temperature. Clearly, fibro-lamellar complex tissue subtypes, such as plexiform or laminar primary bone, were only present in non-human bones. A decision tree analysis based on histological features provided a definitive identification key for distinguishing human from non-human bone, with an accuracy of 100%. The decision tree for samples where burning was unknown was 96% accurate, and multi-step classification to taxon was possible with 100% accuracy. The results of this feasibility study, strongly suggest that histology remains a viable alternative technique if fragments of cranial bone require forensic examination in both burnt and unburnt states. The decision tree analysis may provide an additional, but vital tool to enhance data interpretation. Further studies are needed to assess variation in histomorphology taking into account other cranial bones, ontogeny, species and burning conditions

Understanding Successful Japanese Language Programs: Utah Case Study

Recent world events have caused Americans to reassess national political, economic, and educational priorities, resulting in a shift towards Asia. The schools in response have begun to introduce less commonly taught languages, such as Japanese and Chinese. Many Utah public schools have tried to implement less commonly taught language programs. Some have succeeded, and other others have not. The purpose of this study was to understand how and why some schools were able to successfully integrate less commonly taught language programs, and why others were not.The results of this study suggest that the factors relating to students’ interests and the teacher/administrator relationship were the most important positive factors affecting the success of the Japanese programs with staying power. It was also found that the factors relating to funding issues and student enrollment were the most important negative factors affecting the failure of the long-term Japanese programs that were eliminated

Excerpt: Souvenir History of Pella, 1874-1922

A few pages from the book, Souvenir History of Pella 1847-1922, which mention J.F. LeCocq and F. LeCocq Sr.https://nwcommons.nwciowa.edu/lecocqhistory/1006/thumbnail.jp

Study of quiet turbofan STOL aircraft for short haul transportation

Conceptual designs of Quiet Turbofan STOL Short-Haul Transport Aircraft for the mid-1980 time period are developed and analyzed to determine their technical, operational, and economic feasibility. A matrix of aircraft using various high-lift systems and design parameters are considered. Variations in aircraft characteristics, airport geometry and location, and operational techniques are analyzed systematically to determine their effects on the market, operating economics, and community acceptance. In these studies, the total systems approach is considered to be critically important in analyzing the potential of STOL aircraft to reduce noise pollution and alleviate the increasing air corridor and airport congestion

Automatic assembly design project 1968/9: report of technical survey committee

An Industrial survey has been carried out to determine the desired features of an automatic as machine. A questionnaire was circulated to industry and the results of the 38% response obtained were analysed and plotted. From these, conclusions were drawn as to the industrial requirements of an assembly machine

Clinical Diagnosis of Placenta Accreta and Clinicopathological Outcomes

Objective To investigate the association between the intraoperative diagnosis of placenta accreta at the time of cesarean hysterectomy and pathological diagnosis. Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of all patients undergoing cesarean hysterectomy for suspected placenta accreta from 2000 to 2016 at Barnes-Jewish Hospital. The primary outcome was the presence of invasive placentation on the pathology report. We estimated predictive characteristics of clinical diagnosis of placenta accreta using pathological diagnosis as the correct diagnosis. Results There were 50 cesarean hysterectomies performed for suspected abnormal placentation from 2000 to 2016. Of these, 34 (68%) had a diagnosis of accreta preoperatively and 16 (32%) were diagnosed intraoperatively at the time of cesarean delivery. Two patients had no pathological evidence of invasion, corresponding to a false-positive rate of 4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.5%, 13.8%) and a positive predictive value of 96% (95% CI: 86.3%, 99.5%). There were no differences in complications among patients diagnosed intraoperatively compared with those diagnosed preoperatively. Conclusion Most patients undergoing cesarean hysterectomy for placenta accreta do have this diagnosis confirmed on pathology. However, since the diagnosis of placenta accreta was made intraoperatively in nearly a third of cesarean hysterectomies, intraoperative vigilance is required as the need for cesarean hysterectomy may not be anticipated preoperatively

REGULATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM BY SYNTHETIC POLYNUCLEOTIDES : V. EFFECT ON CELL-ASSOCIATED IMMUNOGLOBULIN RECEPTORS AND IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY

Addition of polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid in complex form (poly A:U) without antigen to a suspension of spleen cells obtained from BALB/Aj mice primed 6 wk previously with human γ-globulin (HGG) resulted in an immediate fourfold increase over background number of anti-HGG rosette-forming cells (RFC). Culture of similar cells in the presence of puromycin for 1–6 hr before poly A:U did not significantly reduce the response. Continued culture of primed spleen cells in the presence of poly A:U, resulted in a decrease of RFC to background levels within an hour followed by an increase again 6 hr later. This later increase in RFC was inhibited by addition of puromycin to the culture medium. The nonspecific stimulation by poly A:U of antibody production by primed spleen cells also was induced in vivo. Increases in splenic RFC were detectable 6 hr after intravenous injection of poly A:U alone, without antigen, into primed mice. The response peaked at 18 hr and had dissipated completely within 3 days. A second injection of poly A:U 24 hr or later after the first injection resulted in a second response, similar to the first with respect to kinetics and intensity. Rosette formation by poly A:U-stimulated cells could not be inhibited by mitotic poisons, but was inhibited by treatment of the cells with goat anti-mouse γ-globulin serum, suggesting that the antibody involved was a 7S γ-globulin. The decrease in RFC induced by culture of primed cells for 1 hr in poly A:U paralleled a decrease in secondary responsiveness of the cells to antigen. This poly A:U-induced inhibition of secondary responsiveness could be reversed by suspending the treated cells in supernatant fluids derived from poly A:U-stimulated cultures. The reversal was specific in that supernatant fluids removed from bovine serum albumin (BSA)-primed cells by poly A:U did not stimulate the response of HGG-primed cells to HGG. However supernatant fluids from BSA-primed cells caused the production of anti-HGG RFC if BSA rather than HGG was used as triggering antigen. The active factor in the supernatant fluids appeared to be a 7S γ-globulin since activity was lost after 45 min incubation of the supernatant fluids in the presence of goat anti-mouse 7S γ-globulin serum