Statistics of Coulomb Blockade Peak Spacings within the Hartree-Fock Approximation

We study the effect of electronic interactions on the addition spectra and on the energy level distributions of two-dimensional quantum dots with weak disorder using the self-consistent Hartree-Fock approximation for spinless electrons. We show that the distribution of the conductance peak spacings is Gaussian with large fluctuations that exceed, in agreement with experiments, the mean level spacing of the non-interacting system. We analyze this distribution on the basis of Koopmans' theorem. We show furthermore that the occupied and unoccupied Hartree-Fock levels exhibit Wigner-Dyson statistics.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, submitted for publicatio

Semiclassical Theory of Coulomb Blockade Peak Heights in Chaotic Quantum Dots

We develop a semiclassical theory of Coulomb blockade peak heights in chaotic quantum dots. Using Berry's conjecture, we calculate the peak height distributions and the correlation functions. We demonstrate that the corrections to the corresponding results of the standard statistical theory are non-universal and can be expressed in terms of the classical periodic orbits of the dot that are well coupled to the leads. The main effect is an oscillatory dependence of the peak heights on any parameter which is varied; it is substantial for both symmetric and asymmetric lead placement. Surprisingly, these dynamical effects do not influence the full distribution of peak heights, but are clearly seen in the correlation function or power spectrum. For non-zero temperature, the correlation function obtained theoretically is in good agreement with that measured experimentally.Comment: 5 color eps figure

Health services utilization to control arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus in the city of São Paulo

Descrever as prevalências do uso de serviços de saúde para controle da hipertensão arterial (HA) e do diabetes mellitus (DM) no município de São Paulo nos anos de 2003, 2008 e 2015 e analisar os fatores associados a esse uso no ano de 2015. Foram analisados dados de população adulta provenientes dos inquéritos de saúde no município de São Paulo em 2003, 2008 e 2015. Foram estimadas as prevalências e seus intervalos de confiança de 95% nos 3 anos para descrever as prevalências do uso de serviços de saúde para controle da HA e do DM. Para 2015, foram estimadas as prevalências para as mesmas variáveis segundo características sociodemográficas, geográficas e de saúde. Utilizou-se regressão logística multinomial para estimar modelos de análise para HA e DM. Observou-se aumento significativo no percentual de pessoas que referiram ir ao serviço de saúde de rotina por causa da HA e do DM no período 2003 a 2015. Em 2015, maior uso de serviços de saúde de rotina para controle da HA foi observado entre os idosos e as pessoas que referiram possuir plano de saúde. No caso do DM, houve associação entre o uso de serviços e baixa escolaridade. Ser idoso diminui o risco de não ir ao serviço de saúde para o controle da HA, enquanto ser do sexo masculino e não possuir plano de saúde aumentam esse risco significativamente. Identificar como os indivíduos com HA e DM utilizam os serviços de saúde para controle das doenças é de extrema relevância para reduzir barreiras no acesso e, ainda, orientar políticas de saúde no intuito de reduzir desigualdades22CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQ140483/2016-0To describe the prevalence of health services utilization for control of arterial hypertension (AH) and diabetes mellitus (DM) in the city of São Paulo in 2003, 2008 and 2015 and to analyze associated factors to this utilization in 2015. Data regarding adults who participated in the Health Surveys conducted in the city of Sao Paulo, ISA-Capital 2003, 2008 and 2015, were analyzed. Prevalences and 95% confidence intervals for the three years were estimated to describe the prevalence of the use of services to control HA and DM. For the year of 2015, prevalences of the same variables were estimated according to sociodemographic, geographic and health characteristics. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate AH and DM analysis models. There was a significant increase in the prevalence of people who reported routine health services utilization to control AH and DM in the period 2003–2015. For 2015, an increased routine health services utilization to control AH was observed among elderly and those who reported health insurance. For those who reported DM, an association between health services utilization and low schooling was found. Being elderly reduces the risk of not going to the health services to control AH, while being male and not having a health insurance increase this risk significantly. To identify how individuals with AH and DM use health services in way to control these diseases is very important to reduce access barriers and, yet, provide guidance in health policies to reduce disparitie

Self-reported Diabetes In Older People: Comparison Of Prevalences And Control Measures

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence of diabetes in older people and the adopted control measures. Methods: Data regarding older diabetic individuals who participated in the Health Surveys conducted in the Municipality of Sao Paulo, SP, ISA-Capital, in 2003 and 2008, which were cross-sectional studies, were analyzed. Prevalences and confidence intervals were compared between 2003 and 2008, according to sociodemographic variables. The combination of the databases was performed when the confidence intervals overlapped. The Chi-square (level of significance of 5%) and the Pearson's Chi-square (Rao-Scott) tests were performed. The variables without overlap between the confidence intervals were not tested. Results: The age of the older adults was 60-69 years. The majority were women, Caucasian, with an income of between < 0.5 and 2.5 times the minimum salary and low levels of schooling. The prevalence of diabetes was 17.6% (95%CI 14.9;20.6) in 2003 and 20.1% (95%CI 17.3;23.1) in 2008, which indicates a growth over this period (p at the limit of significance). The most prevalent measure adopted by the older adults to control diabetes was hypoglycemic agents, followed by diet. Physical activity was not frequent, despite the significant differences observed between 2003 and 2008 results. The use of public health services to control diabetes was significantly higher in older individuals with lower income and lower levels of education. Conclusions: Diabetes is a complex and challenging disease for patients and the health systems. Measures that encourage health promotion practices are necessary because they presented a smaller proportion than the use of hypoglycemic agents. Public health policies should be implemented, and aimed mainly at older individuals with low income and schooling levels. These changes are essential to improve the health condition of older diabetic patients.484554562Cherchiglia, M.L., Machado, E.L., Szuster, D.A.C., Andrade, E.I.G., Acurcio, F.A., Caiaffa, W.T., Epidemiological profile of patients on renal replacement therapy in Brazil, 2000- 2004 (2010) Rev Saude Publica., 44 (4), pp. 1-10Costa, J.S.D., Facchini, L.A., Utilizac¸ão de servic¸os ambulatoriais em Pelotas: onde a populac¸ão consulta e com que frequeˆncia (1997) Rev Saude Publica., 31 (4), pp. 360-369Falguera, M., Pifarre, R., Martin, A., Sheiks, A., Moreno, A., Etiology and outcome of communityacquired pneumonia in patients with diabetes mellitus (2005) Chest., 128 (5), pp. 3233-3239Gomes, M.B., Giannella Neto, D.G., Mendonc¸a, E., Tambascia, M.A., Fonseca, R.M., Re´a, R.R., Prevaleˆncia de sobrepeso e obesidade em pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 no Brasil: estudo multiceˆntrico nacional (2006) Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab., 50 (1), pp. 136-144Gontijo, M.F., Ribeiro, A.Q., Klein, C.H., Rozenfeld, S., Acurcio, F.A., Uso de anti-hipertensivos e antidiabe´ticos por idosos: inque´rito em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil (2012) Cad Saude Publica., 28 (7), pp. 1337-1346Harris, M.I., Klein, R., Cowie, C.C., Rowland, M., Byrd-Holt, D.D., Is the risk of diabetic retinopathy greater in non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans than in non-Hispanic whites with type 2 diabetes? A US population study (1998) Diabetes Care., 21 (8), pp. 1230-1235Hippisley-Cox, J., Pringle, M., Prevalence, care and outcomes for patients with diet-controlled diabetes in general practice: Cross-sectional survey (2004) Lancet., 364 (9432), pp. 423-428Lebrão, M.L., Condic¸ões de sau´de (2003) O Projeto Sabe no Munici´pio de São Paulo: uma abordagem inicial, pp. 73-91. , Lebrão ML, Laurenti R. SABE - Sau´de, Bem-estar e Envelhecimento. Brasi´lia (DF): Organizac¸ão Pan-Americana da Sau´deLima-Costa, M.F., Influence of the age and educational level on the use of preventive health care services: Health survey in the Metropolitan Area of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil (2004) Epidemiol Serv Saude., 13 (4), pp. 209-215Lima-Costa, M.F., Filho, A.I.L., Matos, D.L., Tendeˆncias nas condic¸ões de sau´de e uso de servic¸os de sau´de entre idosos brasileiros: um estudo baseado na Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domici´lios (1998, 2003) (2007) Cad Saude Publica., 23 (10), pp. 2467-2478Louvison, M.C.P., Lebrão, M.L., Duarte, Y.A.O., Santos, J.L.F., Malik, A.M., Almeida, E.S., Desigualdades no uso e acesso aos servic¸os de sau´de entre idosos do Munici´pio de São Paulo (2008) Rev Saude Publica., 42 (4), pp. 733-740Malta, D.C., Silva, S.A., Oliveira, P.P.V., Iser, B.P.M., Bernal, R.T.I., Sardinha, L.M.V., Resultados do monitoramento dos Fatores de risco e Protec¸ão para Doenc¸as Croˆnicas Não Transmissi´veis nas capitais brasileiras por inque´rito telefoˆnico, 2008 (2012) Rev Bras Epidemiol., 15 (3), pp. 639-650Mathias, T.A.F., Jorge, MHPM., Diabetes Mellitus na populac¸ão idosa em Munici´pio da região Sul do Brasil: um estudo de mortalidade e morbidade hospitalar (2004) Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab., 48 (4), pp. 505-512Noronha, K.V., Andrade, M.V., Desigualdades sociais em sau´de e na utilizac¸ão dos servic¸os de sau´de entre os idosos na Ame´rica Latina (2005) Rev Panam Salud Publica., 17 (5-6), pp. 410-418Okura, Y., Urban, L.H., Mahoney, D.W., Jacobsen, S.J., Rodeheffer, R.J., Agreement between selfreported questionnaires and medical record data was substantial for diabetes, hypertension, myocardial infarction and stroke but not for heart failure (2004) J Clin Epidemiol., 57 (10), pp. 1096-1103Passos, V.M.A., Barreto, S.M., Diniz, L.M., Lima-Costa, M.F., Type 2 diabetes: prevalence and associated factors in a Brazilian community - the Bambui´ health and aging study (2005) Sao Paulo Med J., 123 (2), pp. 66-71Segri, N.J., Francisco, PMSB., Alvez, MCGP., Barros, M.B.A., Cesar, C.L.G., Goldbaum, M., Pra´ticas preventivas de detecc¸ão de caˆncer em mulheres: comparac¸ão das estimativas dos inque´ritos de sau´de (ISA - Capital) e vigilaˆncia de fatores de risco e protec¸ão para doenc¸as croˆnicas por inque´rito telefoˆnico (VIGITEL - São Paulo) (2011) Rev Bras Epidemiol., 14, pp. 31-43Sesso, R.C.C., Lopes, A.A., Thome´, F.S., Lugon, J.R., Burdmann, E.A., Censo Brasileiro de Dia´lise, 2009 (2010) J Bras Nefrol., 32 (4), pp. 380-384Sigal, R.J., Kenny, G.P., Wasserman, D.H., Castaneda-Sceppa, C., White, R.D., Physical activity/exercise and type 2 diabetes: a consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association (2006) Diabetes Care., 29 (6), pp. 1433-1438Silva, R.C., Simões, M.J., Leite, A.A., Fatores de risco para doenc¸as cardiovasculares em idosos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (2007) Rev Cienc Farm Basica Apl., 28 (1), pp. 113-121Tavares, D.M.S., Rodrigues, F.R., Silva, C.G.C., Miranzi, S.S.C., Caracterizac¸ão de idosos diabe´ticos atendidos na atenc¸ão secunda´ria (2007) Cienc Saude Coletiva., 12 (5), pp. 1341-1352Toscano, C.M., As campanhas nacionais para detecc¸ão das doenc¸as croˆnicas nãotransmissi´veis: diabetes e hipertensão arterial (2004) Cienc Saude Coletiva., 9 (4), pp. 885-895Vinicor, F., Is diabetes a public health disorder? 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Alcohol Abuse And Dependence In Adults In The State Of São Paulo, Brazil [consumo Abusivo E Dependência De álcool Em População Adulta No Estado De São Paulo, Brasil]

Objetive: To investigate alcohol abuse and dependence in adults aged 20-59 years, in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, according to demographic and socio-economic characteristics. Methods: Cross-sectional household survey carried out in four areas of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The CAGE questionnaire was used to investigate alcohol dependence. Alcohol abuse was defined as daily consumption of at least 30 grams of alcohol for men and 24 grams for women. Bivariate and multivariate Poisson regression analyses were performed to detect associations and high-risk groups. All analyses were stratified by gender. Results: 1,646 adults were interviewed. The prevalence of alcohol abuse was 52.9% among men and 26.8% in women. With a CAGE cutoff point ≥ 2, alcohol dependence was found in 14.8% of male drinkers and 5.4% of female drinkers. These proportions correspond to a population prevalence of alcohol addiction of 10.4% in men and 2.6% in women. With regard to alcohol abuse, in men, it was negatively associated with age and directly associated with schooling and smoking. In women, alcohol abuse was also associated with schooling and smoking, and with living without a partner. In men, a significant association was found between alcohol dependence and lower schooling levels. Unemployment was also significantly associated with alcohol dependence in men. No overall association was found in alcohol dependence in women. Conclusions: Our data revealed high prevalences of alcohol abuse and dependence. 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