Gambaran Sanitasi Lingkungan Pada Rumah Balita Penderita Diare Di Desa Kramat Kecamatan Kilo Kabupaten Dompu

Penyakit diare merupakan salah satu penyakit yang menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan masyarakat pada Tahun 2018 terjadi kasus diare sebanyak 145 kasus di Puskesmas Kilo Kecamatan Kilo Kabupaten Dompu di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran sanitasi lingkungan pada rumah balita penderita diare yaitu 60 penderita. Jenis penelitian ini deskriptif dimana hanya mengambarkan sanitasi lingkungan pada rumah balita penderita diare dalam hal ini yang diteliti yaitu kondisi sarana air bersih, kualitas air bersih dan kondisi jamban pada penderita diare sebanyak 60 penderita. Hasil penelitian tentang kondisi sarana air bersih yang memiliki tingkat risiko rendah 50,7 %, tingkat risiko sedang 20 % dan tingkat risiko tinggi 23,3% ,kualitas air bersih sumur gali yang memenuhi syarat sanitasi sebanyak 43 sumur gali dengan persentase 71,7% dan tidak memenuhi syarat sebanyak 17 sumur gali dengan persentase 28,3%, kondisi jamban yang memiliki tingkat risiko rendah 53,3%, tingkat risiko sedang 41,7 dan tingkat risiko tinggi 5%. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil pada penelitian ini adalah kondisi sarana air bersih, kualitas air bersih dan kondisi jamban yang digunakan oleh penderita diare. Saran bagi masyarakat agar memperbaiki kondisi sarana air bersih yang memeliki tingkat risiko tinggi, air minum harus diolah dengan baik sebelum diminum, jamban yang digunakan harulah memenuhi syarat kesehatan dengan memperbaiki jamban keluarga yag memiliki tingkat risiko tinggi sesuai dengan syarat kesehatan, dan saran bagi puskesmas agar selalu melakukan penyuluhan kesehatan dan melakukan pemeriksaan terhadap kualitas air yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat

Book Review: Worship with Teenagers: Adolescent Spirituality and Congregational Practice

Worship with Teenagers: Adolescent Spirituality and Congregational Practice, by Eric Mathis. Baker Academic, 2022. 243 pages, $17.00

The Next Right Step: A Case Study in Listening for Change When Overwhelmed by Reality

In late 2021, two ministers at Highland Church of Christ began a conversation about accessibility and inclusion, primarily aimed at children’s and student’s ministries. The two ministers knew they were adequately able to serve the children and students at Highland that required additional support, but that it was not a sustainable system. They set out on a year-long process of acquiring information, resources, and fresh ideas, in the hopes that these would provide the answer they had been searching for. In late 2022, the answer to their problem became clear: they needed to listen to the people in front of them in order to know how to serve them best. They created a listening project and team of congregants to interview members at Highland regarding accessibility and inclusion. The results that came out of the listening project were surprising, but they helped pave the way forward for Highland

Microbial light-activatable proton pumps as neuronal inhibitors to functionally dissect neuronal networks in C. elegans

Essentially any behavior in simple and complex animals depends on neuronal network function. Currently, the best-defined system to study neuronal circuits is the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, as the connectivity of its 302 neurons is exactly known. Individual neurons can be activated by photostimulation of Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) using blue light, allowing to directly probe the importance of a particular neuron for the respective behavioral output of the network under study. In analogy, other excitable cells can be inhibited by expressing Halorhodopsin from Natronomonas pharaonis (NpHR) and subsequent illumination with yellow light. However, inhibiting C. elegans neurons using NpHR is difficult. Recently, proton pumps from various sources were established as valuable alternative hyperpolarizers. Here we show that archaerhodopsin-3 (Arch) from Halorubrum sodomense and a proton pump from the fungus Leptosphaeria maculans (Mac) can be utilized to effectively inhibit excitable cells in C. elegans. Arch is the most powerful hyperpolarizer when illuminated with yellow or green light while the action spectrum of Mac is more blue-shifted, as analyzed by light-evoked behaviors and electrophysiology. This allows these tools to be combined in various ways with ChR2 to analyze different subsets of neurons within a circuit. We exemplify this by means of the polymodal aversive sensory ASH neurons, and the downstream command interneurons to which ASH neurons signal to trigger a reversal followed by a directional turn. Photostimulating ASH and subsequently inhibiting command interneurons using two-color illumination of different body segments, allows investigating temporal aspects of signaling downstream of ASH

Pengujian Aktivitas Antibakteri Gel Hand Sanitizer Kitosan Dengan Penambahan Ekstrak Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L)

The objective of this study was to analyze a chitosan hand sanitizer gel formulated with an 8 mL, 10 mL, 12 mL and 14 mL leaf extract (Annona muricata L) against the bacterial inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and Eschericia coli. The research consists of several stages, namely the test of chemicals against bacterial barrier resistance of the test, the manufacture of leaf extract, the testing of characteristics of hand sanitizer gels with test parameters including homogenity, barrier and bacteria barrier. The research design uses a non-factorial complete randomized design (RAL) method. Data analysis using ANOVA, when there is influence then further testing Duncan. The results showed an average barrier inhibition of 10.17 mm for E. coli and 11.47 mm for S. aureus. The result of the extraction of 280 grams of sardine leaves yielded 238.08 grams extract, a randement of 117.6%, the handsanitzer has been mixed perfectly, the strength ranging from 5 to 7 cm. Hand sanitizer gel gives a real effect on the bacterial resistance of E. coli and S. aureus. The resulting inhibition for S.aureus bacteria is 7.3 mm to 17.5 mm and for E.coli bacteria is 7.2 mm to 9 mm. Base on these results, the average diameter of the inhibition formed is classified as moderate to strong

A touchscreen based global motion perception task for mice

Global motion perception is a function of higher, or extrastriate, visual system circuitry. These circuits can be engaged in visually driven navigation, a behavior at which mice are adept. However, the properties of global motion perception in mice are unclear. Therefore, we developed a touchscreen-based, two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) task to explore global motion detection in mice using random dot kinematograms (RDK). Performance data was used to compute coherence thresholds for global motion perception. The touchscreen-based task allowed for parallel training and testing with multiple chambers and minimal experimenter intervention with mice performing hundreds of trials per session. Parameters of the random dot kinematograms, including dot size, lifetime, and speed, were tested. Mice learned to discriminate kinematograms whose median motion direction differed by 90 degrees in 7-24days after a 10-14day pre-training period. The average coherence threshold (measured at 70% correct) in mice for this task was 22±5%, with a dot diameter of 3.88mm and speed of 58.2mm/s. Our results confirm the ability of mice to perform global motion discriminations, and the touchscreen assay provides a flexible, automated, and relatively high throughput method with which to probe complex visual function in mice

Wide field-of-view, multi-region, two-photon imaging of neuronal activity in the mammalian brain

Two-photon calcium imaging provides an optical readout of neuronal activity in populations of neurons with subcellular resolution. However, conventional two-photon imaging systems are limited in their field of view to ~1 mm2, precluding the visualization of multiple cortical areas simultaneously. Here, we demonstrate a two-photon microscope with an expanded field of view (>9.5 mm2) for rapidly reconfigurable simultaneous scanning of widely separated populations of neurons. We custom designed and assembled an optimized scan engine, objective, and two independently positionable, temporally multiplexed excitation pathways. We used this new microscope to measure activity correlations between two cortical visual areas in mice during visual processing

The role of second person narration in representing mental states in Sylvia Plath’s Smith Journal

This paper looks at instances of second person narration in the first journal published in The Unabridged Journals of Sylvia Plath (Kukil, 2000) in order to determine the potential that second person narration can have for the linguistic representation of mental states. The contributions of different disciplines (narratology, linguistics, psychology) to the study of second person narration are considered and their findings are re-applied to a non-fictional text. In a corpus-informed comparative analysis, the paper takes into consideration both perspectives from narratology and developments in the understanding of language use in the field of psychology to provide an interdisciplinary, but cognitively inclined perspective on the phenomenon. Appearances of second person narration are chronologically tracked through the data and compared to biographical developments in Sylvia Plath's life; entries written in the first- and second person are compared to each other to determine linguistic differences using corpus methods; the results of the two analyses are then interpreted in the light of traditional functions attributed to second person narration in narratology, and in the light of research in narrative psychology. The paper aims to demonstrate that second person narration can project a sense of emotional depth and inner conflict as well as of emotional balance. However, the temporal orientation of a given text will influence which of these effects predominates

Developing the next generation of dissemination and implementation researchers: Insights from initial trainees

BACKGROUND: Dissemination and implementation (D&I) research is a relatively young discipline, underscoring the importance of training and career development in building and sustaining the field. As such, D&I research faces several challenges in designing formal training programs and guidance for career development. A cohort of early-stage investigators (ESI) recently involved in an implementation research training program provided a resource for formative data in identifying needs and solutions around career development. RESULTS: Responses outlined fellows’ perspectives on the perceived usefulness and importance of, as well as barriers to, developing practice linkages, acquiring additional methods training, academic advancement, and identifying institutional supports. Mentorship was a cross-cutting issue and was further discussed in terms of ways it could foster career advancement in the context of D&I research. CONCLUSIONS: Advancing an emerging field while simultaneously developing an academic career offers a unique challenge to ESIs in D&I research. This article summarizes findings from the formative data that outlines some directions for ESIs and provides linkages to the literature and other resources on key points